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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development and validation of new screening tool for predicting dementia risk in community-dwelling older Japanese adults
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Translational Medicine Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Details
    In: Journal of Translational Medicine, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Abstract: Established clinical assessments for detecting dementia risk often require time, cost, and face-to-face meetings. We aimed to develop a Simplified Telephone Assessment for Dementia risk (STAD) (a new screening tool utilizing telephonic interviews to predict dementia risk) and examine the predictive validity of the STAD for the incidence of dementia. Methods We developed STAD based on a combination of literature review, statistical analysis, and expert opinion. We selected 12 binary questions on subjective cognitive complaints, depressive symptoms, and lifestyle activities. In the validation study, we used STAD for 4298 community-dwelling older adults and observed the incidence of dementia during the 24-month follow-up period. The total score of STAD ranging from 0 to 12 was calculated, and the cut-off point for dementia incidence was determined using the Youden index. The survival rate of dementia incidence according to the cut-off points was determined. Furthermore, we used a decision-tree model (classification and regression tree, CART) to enhance the predictive ability of STAD for dementia risk screening. Results The cut-off point of STAD was set at 4/5. Participants scoring ≥ 5 points showed a significantly higher risk of dementia than those scoring ≤ 4 points, even after adjusting for covariates (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], 2.67 [1.40–5.08] ). A decision tree model using the CART algorithm was constructed using 12 nodes with three STAD items. It showed better performance for dementia prediction in terms of accuracy and specificity as compared to the logistic regression model, although its sensitivity was worse than the logistic regression model. Conclusions We developed a 12-item questionnaire, STAD, as a screening tool to predict dementia risk utilizing telephonic interviews and confirmed its predictive validity. Our findings might provide useful information for early screening of dementia risk and enable bridging between community and clinical settings. Additionally, STAD could be employed without face-to-face meetings in a short time; therefore, it may be a suitable screening tool for community-dwelling older adults who have negative attitudes toward clinical examination or are non-adherent to follow-up assessments in clinical trials.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1479-5876
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03121-9
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2118570-0
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  • 2
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    Absolute Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessed in Old Age Predicts Disability and Mortality: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Community‐Dwelling Older Adults
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2021
    In:  Journal of the American Heart Association Vol. 10, No. 24 ( 2021-12-21)
    Details
    In: Journal of the American Heart Association, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 10, No. 24 ( 2021-12-21)
    Abstract: Evidence is limited on the predictive validity of absolute cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, estimated by multivariable assessments in old age, for disability and mortality. We aimed to examine the longitudinal associations of absolute CVD risk assessed using region‐specific risk estimation charts with disability and mortality among community‐dwelling people aged ≥65 years. Methods and Results This retrospective cohort study included 7456 community‐dwelling people aged ≥65 years (mean age, 73.7 years) without CVD and functional decline at baseline. They lived in either Obu City or Midori Ward of Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. We estimated absolute CVD risk using the revised World Health Organization CVD risk estimation charts and stratified risk levels into 3 categories: low ( 〈 10%), mid (10% to 〈 20%), and high (≥20%). We followed up the functional disability incidence and all‐cause mortality monthly for 5 years. The prevalence of each CVD risk level based on the laboratory‐based model was as follows: low CVD risk, 1096 (14.7%); mid CVD risk, 5510 (73.9%); and high CVD risk, 850 (11.4%). During follow‐up, the incidence rates of disability and mortality were 33.4 per 1000 and 12.4 per 1000 person‐years, respectively. Cox regression analysis showed that the adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) for disability incidence were 1.32 (1.13–1.56) and 1.44 (1.18–1.77) in mid and high CVD risk levels, respectively (reference: low CVD risk level); for mortality incidence, they were 1.53 (1.16–2.01) and 2.02 (1.45–2.80) in mid and high CVD risk levels, respectively (reference: low CVD risk level). Conclusions Absolute CVD risk was associated with both disability and mortality in people aged ≥65 years. Estimated CVD risk levels may be useful surrogate markers for disability and mortality risks even when assessed in old age.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2047-9980
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.121.022004
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2653953-6
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  • 3
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    Participation in Social Activities and Relationship between Walking Habits and Disability Incidence
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2021-04-27), p. 1895-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2021-04-27), p. 1895-
    Abstract: Identifying the relationship between physical and social activity and disability among community-dwelling older adults may provide important information for implementing tailored interventions to prevent disability progression. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the number of social activities on the relationship between walking habits and disability incidence in older adults. We included 2873 older adults (mean age, 73.1 years; SD, ±5.9 years) from the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology—Study of Geriatric Syndromes. Baseline measurements, including frequencies of physical and social activities, health conditions, physical function, cognitive function, metabolic parameters, and other potential disability risk factors (for example, the number of years of education); monthly assessment for disability was monitored through long-term care insurance certification for at least 2 years from baseline. During a mean follow-up of 35.1 months (SD, 6.4 months), 133 participants developed disability. The disability incidence was 19.0 and 27.9 per 1000 person-years for participants who walked more (≥3 times per week) and less (≤3 times per week) frequently, respectively. The potential confounding factor-adjusted disability hazard ratio was 0.67 (95% confidence interval, 0.46 to 0.96; p = 0.030). The relationship between habitual walking and the number of social activities was statistically significant (p = 0.004). The reduction of disability risk by walking was greater among participants with fewer social activities. Habitual walking was associated with disability incidence, with a more pronounced effect among older adults who were less likely to engage in social activities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091895
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 4
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    Lifestyle changes and outcomes of older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A 4-year longitudinal study
    Elsevier BV ; 2021
    In:  Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Vol. 94 ( 2021-05), p. 104376-
    Details
    In: Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Elsevier BV, Vol. 94 ( 2021-05), p. 104376-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0167-4943
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104376
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2024857-X
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  • 5
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    The association between social activity and physical frailty among community-dwelling older adults in Japan
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  BMC Geriatrics Vol. 22, No. 1 ( 2022-11-16)
    Details
    In: BMC Geriatrics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 22, No. 1 ( 2022-11-16)
    Abstract: Physical frailty is associated with social activity. However, the relationship between physical frailty and levels of engagement with other people during social activities remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to clarify the relationship between physical frailty and social activity using a taxonomy of activity levels among community-dwelling older adults in Japan. Methods This cross-sectional observational study analyzed data from 12,788 older adults (7001 women, mean age: 73.8 years, standard deviation = 5.9; range: 60–96 years) from the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Study of Geriatric Syndromes. Physical frailty was assessed using the following components: slow walking speed, muscle weakness, exhaustion, low activity, and weight loss. We asked participants about seven social activities that included social participation and engagement and examined their relationship to physical frailty. Results Physical frailty was independently associated with all social activities. Exercise circle activity, which includes a level of social participation, was strongly associated with physical pre-frailty and physical frailty. Results of sub-analyses indicated that the level of social engagement was independently associated with physical frailty in the older group (over 75 years) but not in the younger group (60–74 years). Conclusions Our results indicate that the strength of the association between social activity and physical frailty differs by the level of social participation. Given the increasingly high prevalence of physical frailty in Japan and its strong association with numerous adverse health outcomes, the relationship between physical frailty and levels of social participation may assist in developing measures to prevent the incidence and progression of physical frailty.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1471-2318
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03563-w
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2059865-8
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  • 6
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    Differential effects of lifestyle activities on disability incidence based on neighborhood amenities
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  BMC Geriatrics Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2023-08-10)
    Details
    In: BMC Geriatrics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2023-08-10)
    Abstract: This study examined the effect of neighborhood amenities on disability risk among community-dwelling older adults in Japan, based on lifestyle activities. Method This was an observational prospective cohort study. Participants comprised 13,258 older adults from the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology–Study of Geriatric Syndromes. We calculated participants’ Walk Score using their home addresses and divided them into three groups: “car-dependent,” “somewhat walkable,” and “very walkable.” We then calculated the average value of lifestyle activities. We divided the neighborhood amenity groups into two groups, “fewer lifestyle activities” and “more lifestyle activities,” for a total of six groups. After identifying interactions between neighborhood amenities and lifestyle activities, Cox proportional hazard models to calculate hazard ratios for incident disability risk, based on neighborhood amenities and lifestyle activities. Results An interaction occurred between neighborhood amenities and lifestyle activities ( p   〈  0.05). Survival probabilities for incident disability based on lifestyle activities were estimated for each neighborhood amenity group: car-dependent, 1.62 (95% CI 1.07 to 2.46); somewhat walkable, 1.08 (95% CI 0.84 to 1.40); and very walkable, 1.05 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.27). Those with fewer lifestyle activities in the car-dependent group exhibited the highest risk of incident disability in the unadjusted and adjusted models. Conclusion Given that the aging population is increasing steadily, considering older adults’ neighborhood amenities and lifestyle activities in their day-to-day lives can help clinicians to deliver more older adult-centered care. Incorporating the lifestyle activities and neighborhood amenities of older adults into care planning will lead to the design and development of integrated clinical and community screening programs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1471-2318
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04170-z
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 7
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    Modifiable risk factor possession patterns of dementia in elderly with mild cognitive impairment: A 4‐year longitudinal study : Prevention (nonpharmacological) / Lifestyle factors (e.g., smoking, etc.)
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Alzheimer's & Dementia Vol. 16, No. S10 ( 2020-12)
    Details
    In: Alzheimer's & Dementia, Wiley, Vol. 16, No. S10 ( 2020-12)
    Abstract: We clarified modifiable risk factor patterns of dementia in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and determined the relationship between retention patterns and reversion from MCI over a 4‐year follow‐up. Method Participants were 5104 older adults who completed the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology‐Study of Geriatric Syndromes (NCGG‐SGS) examinations in August 2011–February 2012; 3095 (60.6%) completed the second‐wave cognitive examination in August 2015–August 2016. Among the longitudinal data, missing values were imputed for 789 community‐dwelling people who were aged ≥65 years (mean age, 72.0±5.4 years; 368 men and 421 women) with MCI and classified them as “reverters” and “nonreverters.” Longitudinal analysis was performed after missing values resulting from dropout were imputed. Nine modifiable risk factors at baseline—namely, less education, hearing loss, hypertension, obesity, smoking, depression, physical inactivity, social isolation, and diabetes—were classified in latent class analysis. In subsequent binomial logistic regression analysis, reversion status was the dependent variable (the nonreverters served as a reference group) and cluster membership the independent variable. Result Of the 461 participants for whom data were not imputed, 234 (50.8%) reverted from MCI to normal cognitive status. Reversion rate among the 789 participants for whom we imputed data was 30.9%. The modifiable risk factors among participants with MCI were classified into five patterns: low‐risk, psychosocial, health behavior, educational, and smoking factors. According to logistic regression analysis, people with low‐risk factors were more likely to revert from MCI to normal cognitive status than were patients with the other factors ( P 〈 .05). Conclusion We formulated five patterns of modifiable risk factors among elderly people with MCI. Participants with low‐risk factors were more likely to recover from MCI than participants with the other factors. These results may provide useful information for designing interventions to prevent cognitive decline and dementia in individuals with MCI.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1552-5260 , 1552-5279
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/alz.v16.S10
    DOI: 10.1002/alz.040736
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2201940-6
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  • 8
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    Association between driving a car and retention of brain volume in Japanese older adults
    Elsevier BV ; 2023
    In:  Experimental Gerontology Vol. 171 ( 2023-01), p. 112010-
    Details
    In: Experimental Gerontology, Elsevier BV, Vol. 171 ( 2023-01), p. 112010-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0531-5565
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112010
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2005397-6
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  • 9
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    Diabetes and Prediabetes Inhibit Reversion from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Normal Cognition
    Elsevier BV ; 2021
    In:  Journal of the American Medical Directors Association Vol. 22, No. 9 ( 2021-09), p. 1912-1918.e2
    Details
    In: Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, Elsevier BV, Vol. 22, No. 9 ( 2021-09), p. 1912-1918.e2
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1525-8610
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2021.02.033
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 10
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    Association of Dual Sensory Impairment with Cognitive Decline in Older Adults
    S. Karger AG ; 2022
    In:  Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Vol. 51, No. 4 ( 2022), p. 322-330
    Details
    In: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, S. Karger AG, Vol. 51, No. 4 ( 2022), p. 322-330
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Introduction: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The prevalence of hearing and visual impairment (HI and VI) and dual sensory impairment (DSI), which is a combination of both, is increasing as the population ages. These sensory impairments are expected to increase the cognitive load of information processing from hearing and vision and impair appropriate cognitive processing. Although an association between DSI and cognitive decline has been reported, a more detailed study of the effects on each cognitive domain is required. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of self-reported sensory impairment in community-dwelling older adults and to examine the impact of DSI on the severity of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and on each cognitive domain (memory, attention, executive function, and processing speed). 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The participants were recruited from a sub-cohort of the National Center for Geriatric Gerontology-Study on Geriatric Syndromes (NCGG-SGS) conducted by the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology. We included 4,471 community-dwelling older adults (age: 75.9 ± 4.3 years; females: 52.3%) who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The HI and VI were identified using a self-report questionnaire. Cognitive and other parameters were also assessed by trained staff. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the presence of HI and VI and the severity of MCI, and functional decline in each cognitive domain. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 DSI was identified in 11.4% of community-dwelling older adults. Regarding sensory impairment and MCI severity, the odds ratio (OR) for single-domain MCI was significantly higher in VI (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.06–1.61), and the OR for multiple-domain MCI was significantly higher in DSI (OR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.10–2.29). In relation to the four cognitive domains, ORs for impaired executive function were higher for VI and DSI (VI, OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.09–1.72. DSI, OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.06–1.81). DSI also exhibited a higher odds ratio for reduced processing speed (OR: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.42–2.91). 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Discussion/Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 DSI is predicted to increase as the population ages and is associated with various health problems. Further, DSI has been reported to decrease quality of life, which needed to establish appropriate treatment and prevention measures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-8008 , 1421-9824
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000525820
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482186-2
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