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  • Oxford University Press (OUP)  (3)
  • Kan, Haidong  (3)
  • Schwartz, Joel  (3)
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  • Oxford University Press (OUP)  (3)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    How urban characteristics affect vulnerability to heat and cold: a multi-country analysis
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 48, No. 4 ( 2019-08-01), p. 1101-1112
    Details
    In: International Journal of Epidemiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 48, No. 4 ( 2019-08-01), p. 1101-1112
    Abstract: The health burden associated with temperature is expected to increase due to a warming climate. Populations living in cities are likely to be particularly at risk, but the role of urban characteristics in modifying the direct effects of temperature on health is still unclear. In this contribution, we used a multi-country dataset to study effect modification of temperature–mortality relationships by a range of city-specific indicators. Methods We collected ambient temperature and mortality daily time-series data for 340 cities in 22 countries, in periods between 1985 and 2014. Standardized measures of demographic, socio-economic, infrastructural and environmental indicators were derived from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Regional and Metropolitan Database. We used distributed lag non-linear and multivariate meta-regression models to estimate fractions of mortality attributable to heat and cold (AF%) in each city, and to evaluate the effect modification of each indicator across cities. Results Heat- and cold-related deaths amounted to 0.54% (95% confidence interval: 0.49 to 0.58%) and 6.05% (5.59 to 6.36%) of total deaths, respectively. Several city indicators modify the effect of heat, with a higher mortality impact associated with increases in population density, fine particles (PM2.5), gross domestic product (GDP) and Gini index (a measure of income inequality), whereas higher levels of green spaces were linked with a decreased effect of heat. Conclusions This represents the largest study to date assessing the effect modification of temperature–mortality relationships. Evidence from this study can inform public-health interventions and urban planning under various climate-change and urban-development scenarios.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0300-5771 , 1464-3685
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz008
    RVK:
    XF 4100
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1494592-7
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Seasonal variation in mortality and the role of temperature: a multi-country multi-city study
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 51, No. 1 ( 2022-02-18), p. 122-133
    Details
    In: International Journal of Epidemiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 51, No. 1 ( 2022-02-18), p. 122-133
    Abstract: Although seasonal variations in mortality have been recognized for millennia, the role of temperature remains unclear. We aimed to assess seasonal variation in mortality and to examine the contribution of temperature. Methods We compiled daily data on all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality, temperature and indicators on location-specific characteristics from 719 locations in tropical, dry, temperate and continental climate zones. We fitted time-series regression models to estimate the amplitude of seasonal variation in mortality on a daily basis, defined as the peak-to-trough ratio (PTR) of maximum mortality estimates to minimum mortality estimates at day of year. Meta-analysis was used to summarize location-specific estimates for each climate zone. We estimated the PTR with and without temperature adjustment, with the differences representing the seasonal effect attributable to temperature. We also evaluated the effect of location-specific characteristics on the PTR across locations by using meta-regression models. Results Seasonality estimates and responses to temperature adjustment varied across locations. The unadjusted PTR for all-cause mortality was 1.05 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00–1.11] in the tropical zone and 1.23 (95% CI: 1.20–1.25) in the temperate zone; adjusting for temperature reduced the estimates to 1.02 (95% CI: 0.95–1.09) and 1.10 (95% CI: 1.07–1.12), respectively. Furthermore, the unadjusted PTR was positively associated with average mean temperature. Conclusions This study suggests that seasonality of mortality is importantly driven by temperature, most evidently in temperate/continental climate zones, and that warmer locations show stronger seasonal variations in mortality, which is related to a stronger effect of temperature.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0300-5771 , 1464-3685
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab143
    RVK:
    XF 4100
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1494592-7
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ambient fine particulate matter and daily mortality: a comparative analysis of observed and estimated exposure in 347 cities
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2024
    In:  International Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 53, No. 3 ( 2024-04-11)
    Details
    In: International Journal of Epidemiology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 53, No. 3 ( 2024-04-11)
    Abstract: Model-estimated air pollution exposure products have been widely used in epidemiological studies to assess the health risks of particulate matter with diameters of ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5). However, few studies have assessed the disparities in health effects between model-estimated and station-observed PM2.5 exposures. Methods We collected daily all-cause, respiratory and cardiovascular mortality data in 347 cities across 15 countries and regions worldwide based on the Multi-City Multi-Country collaborative research network. The station-observed PM2.5 data were obtained from official monitoring stations. The model-estimated global PM2.5 product was developed using a machine-learning approach. The associations between daily exposure to PM2.5 and mortality were evaluated using a two-stage analytical approach. Results We included 15.8 million all-cause, 1.5 million respiratory and 4.5 million cardiovascular deaths from 2000 to 2018. Short-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with a relative risk increase (RRI) of mortality from both station-observed and model-estimated exposures. Every 10-μg/m3 increase in the 2-day moving average PM2.5 was associated with overall RRIs of 0.67% (95% CI: 0.49 to 0.85), 0.68% (95% CI: –0.03 to 1.39) and 0.45% (95% CI: 0.08 to 0.82) for all-cause, respiratory, and cardiovascular mortality based on station-observed PM2.5 and RRIs of 0.87% (95% CI: 0.68 to 1.06), 0.81% (95% CI: 0.08 to 1.55) and 0.71% (95% CI: 0.32 to 1.09) based on model-estimated exposure, respectively. Conclusions Mortality risks associated with daily PM2.5 exposure were consistent for both station-observed and model-estimated exposures, suggesting the reliability and potential applicability of the global PM2.5 product in epidemiological studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1464-3685
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae066
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1494592-7
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
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