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  • Korean Society of Epidemiology  (10)
  • Jung, Sun Jae  (10)
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  • Korean Society of Epidemiology  (10)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Association between a family history of diabetes and carotid artery atherosclerosis in Korean adults
    Korean Society of Epidemiology ; 2021
    In:  Epidemiology and Health Vol. 43 ( 2021-08-03), p. e2021049-
    Details
    In: Epidemiology and Health, Korean Society of Epidemiology, Vol. 43 ( 2021-08-03), p. e2021049-
    Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Diabetes is a well-known risk factor for atherosclerosis, but the association between a family history of diabetes and atherosclerosis remains unknown. In this study, we assessed the association between a family history of diabetes and increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, in a middle-aged Korean population.METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 3,974 community-dwelling adults (1,404 male and 2,570 female) aged 30-64 years from the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center cohort. The presence of a family history of diabetes was assessed through face-to-face interviews using a standardized questionnaire. Carotid IMT was assessed using B-mode ultrasonography, and increased IMT was defined as a value in the top quartile of the IMT values of all participants. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate independent associations between a family history of diabetes and increased IMT.RESULTS: A family history of diabetes was significantly associated with increased carotid IMT (odds ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.48) after adjusting for sex; age; body mass index; systolic blood pressure; total cholesterol, triglyceride, and hemoglobin A1c levels; smoking; alcohol consumption; exercise; use of antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and antilipidemic drugs; and a family history of hypertension. The positive association remained significant after excluding participants with diabetes (odds ratio, 1.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.00 to 1.47).CONCLUSIONS: A family history of diabetes was positively associated with increased carotid IMT, even in participants without diabetes. Therefore, information on a family history of diabetes may help identify individuals at high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2092-7193
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2021049
    Language: English
    Publisher: Korean Society of Epidemiology
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2590698-7
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The effects of information-seeking behaviours on prevention behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic: the mediating effects of anxiety and fear in Korea
    Korean Society of Epidemiology ; 2021
    In:  Epidemiology and Health Vol. 43 ( 2021-10-19), p. e2021085-
    Details
    In: Epidemiology and Health, Korean Society of Epidemiology, Vol. 43 ( 2021-10-19), p. e2021085-
    Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Identifying determinants of prevention behaviours during the emergence of a new infectious disease is important. We investigated the associations between information-seeking and prevention behaviours during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and mediating effects of psychiatric factors.METHODS: In total, 1,970 participants from the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Etiology Research Center cohort participated in an online survey 55 days after the first COVID-19 case in Korea was diagnosed. Time spent seeking information related to COVID-19; information sources; psychiatric factors, including anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and the fear of COVID-19; and prevention behaviours were examined. The mediating effect of psychiatric factors was estimated using mediation analysis.RESULTS: Time spent seeking information and information sources affected several behavioural responses. In men, anxiety mediated associations between information-seeking and prevention behaviours, including purchasing sanitary supplies (effect size [ES] , 0.038; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.002 to 0.095) and hoarding (ES, 0.029; 95% CI, 0.002 to 0.068). The fear of COVID-19 also mediated associations between information-seeking and prevention behaviours including refraining from going out (men: ES, 0.034; 95% CI, 0.009 to 0.068; women: ES, 0.052; 95% CI, 0.030 to 0.080), wearing face masks (men: ES, 0.085; 95% CI, 0.031 to 0.184), avoiding public transportation (men: ES, 0.020; 95% CI, 0.000 to 0.044; women: ES, 0.031; 95% CI, 0.015 to 0.051), hoarding (women: ES, 0.051; 95% CI, 0.029 to 0.792), and trying alternative remedies (men: ES, 0.024; 95% CI, 0.004 to 0.053). Depressive symptoms and PTSS did not have any mediating effects.CONCLUSIONS: While the availability of information related to COVID-19 can help prevent infections, it can also promote anxiety and fear, leading to negative behaviours such as hoarding and trying unverified alternative treatments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2092-7193
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2021085
    Language: English
    Publisher: Korean Society of Epidemiology
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gender role stereotypes, patriarchal attitudes, and cognitive function in the elderly rural Korean population: a cross-sectional study
    Korean Society of Epidemiology ; 2021
    In:  Epidemiology and Health Vol. 43 ( 2021-04-07), p. e2021023-
    Details
    In: Epidemiology and Health, Korean Society of Epidemiology, Vol. 43 ( 2021-04-07), p. e2021023-
    Abstract: OBJECTIVES: We analyzed whether gender role stereotypes (GRS) and patriarchal attitudes are associated with cognitive function in an elderly community.METHODS: We analyzed data from 580 people enrolled in the Korean Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. The degrees to which respondents held stereotypical beliefs about gender roles and had patriarchal mindsets were measured using a questionnaire. Based on participants’ responses, we divided respondents into 2 groups—those with conservative mindsets and those with open mindsets—according to the median score for each of the 2 variables. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination, Korean version (MMSE-K). Cognitive impairment was defined as an MMSE-K score ≤21 points. Multivariable logistic regression was performed, adjusting for gender, age, socio-demographic and lifestyle factors, and social network size. Age and lifestyle factors were stratified.RESULTS: Compared to those with open mindsets, those with conservative mindsets regarding gender roles and patriarchal norms had adjusted odds ratios of 1.88 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11 to 3.19) and 1.67 (95% CI, 1.00 to 2.79) for cognitive impairment, respectively. In the stratified analysis, subgroups with younger age and a good lifestyle maintained a protective association with cognitive impairment.CONCLUSIONS: GRS and a patriarchal mindset were marginally significantly associated with cognitive impairment among women later in life.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2092-7193
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2021023
    Language: English
    Publisher: Korean Society of Epidemiology
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stressful life events and serum triglyceride levels: the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center cohort in Korea
    Korean Society of Epidemiology ; 2021
    In:  Epidemiology and Health Vol. 43 ( 2021-06-09), p. e2021042-
    Details
    In: Epidemiology and Health, Korean Society of Epidemiology, Vol. 43 ( 2021-06-09), p. e2021042-
    Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Elevated serum triglyceride levels are a risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. A number of studies have demonstrated a positive association between psychological stress and serum triglyceride levels. However, there is limited evidence regarding the impact of stressful life events (SLEs) on serum triglyceride levels in the healthy population. Therefore, we evaluated the independent association between SLEs and serum triglyceride levels in a middle-aged Korean population.METHODS: We analyzed a sample of 2,963 people (aged 30-64 years; 36% men) using baseline data from the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center (CMERC) cohort study. The Korean version of the Life Experience Survey questionnaire was used to measure the presence and positive/negative impact of SLEs. Hypertriglyceridemia was defined as a fasting serum triglyceride level of ≥ 150 mg/dL.RESULTS: Of the 2,963 participants, 33.1% reported at least 1 SLE over the past 6 months and 24.8% had hypertriglyceridemia. Even after adjusting for potential confounders, the serum triglyceride level was significantly associated with the total number of SLEs in men (3.333 mg/dL per event; p= 0.001), but not in women (0.451 mg/dL per event, p= 0.338). Hypertriglyceridemia was also associated with having 4 or more SLEs with positive effects (odds ratio [OR], 2.57; 95% CI, 1.02 to 6.46) and 4 or more SLEs with negative effects (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.16 to 3.41) in men.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that SLEs may increase the risk of hypertriglyceridemia in middle-aged men.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2092-7193
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2021042
    Language: English
    Publisher: Korean Society of Epidemiology
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Exploring the associations between cardiovascular health measured with the CANHEART model and early cognitive impairment in a middle-aged population in Korea
    Korean Society of Epidemiology ; 2021
    In:  Epidemiology and Health Vol. 43 ( 2021-07-13), p. e2021044-
    Details
    In: Epidemiology and Health, Korean Society of Epidemiology, Vol. 43 ( 2021-07-13), p. e2021044-
    Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Both cardiovascular health (CVH) and inflammation are associated with cognition, and inflammation is also associated with CVH. However, limited information has been reported on these factors in the Korean population. The objective of our study was to investigate the influence of inflammation on the association between CVH and cognition using a cross-sectional design.METHODS: Data were obtained from the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center baseline study. Participants who completed fasting serum analysis, questionnaires, and cognitive function tests were included in the analysis, whereas those with a history of autoimmune disease were excluded. The CVH in Ambulatory Care Research Team health index metrics, including smoking, physical activity, healthy diet, obesity, history of hypertension, and diabetes, were used to assess CVH. Cognitive function was evaluated with the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Estimation for Dementia Screening. Inflammatory status was assessed based on a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) test.RESULTS: Among 2,622 total participants (mean age, 57.2 years; 1,792 women), 13%, 58%, and 29% had poor, intermediate, and ideal CVH, respectively. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that CVH was significantly associated with cognitive function only in women. A stratified analysis showed that cognitive impairment due to CVH was not associated with hs-CRP levels. When the same analyses were conducted for each CVH component, the only component affecting the association was hypertension history in men.CONCLUSIONS: CVH is not significantly associated with cognitive decline in the middle-aged Korean population. Inflammation did not play a significant modifying role in this relationship.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2092-7193
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2021044
    Language: English
    Publisher: Korean Society of Epidemiology
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Application of a joint latent space item response model to clustering stressful life events and the Beck Depression Inventory-II: results from Korean epidemiological survey data
    Korean Society of Epidemiology ; 2022
    In:  Epidemiology and Health Vol. 44 ( 2022-10-24), p. e2022093-
    Details
    In: Epidemiology and Health, Korean Society of Epidemiology, Vol. 44 ( 2022-10-24), p. e2022093-
    Abstract: OBJECTIVES: According to previous findings, stressful life events (SLEs) and their subtypes are associated with depressive symptoms. However, few studies have explored potential models for these events and incidental symptoms of depression.METHODS: Participants (3,966 men; 5,709 women) were recruited from the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center cohort. SLEs were measured using a 47-item Life Experiences Survey (LES) with a standardized protocol. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Joint latent space item response models were applied by gender and age group ( 〈 50 vs. ≥50 years old).RESULTS: Among the LES items, death or illness of close relatives, legal problems, sexual difficulties, family relationships, and social relationships shared latent positions with major depressive symptoms regardless of gender or age. We also observed a gender-specific domain: occupational and family-related items.CONCLUSIONS: By projecting LES and BDI-II data onto the same interaction map for each subgroup, we could specify the associations between specific LES items and depressive symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2092-7193
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2022093
    Language: English
    Publisher: Korean Society of Epidemiology
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Physical and mental health characteristics related to trust in and intention to receive COVID-19 vaccination: results from a Korean community-based longitudinal study
    Korean Society of Epidemiology ; 2022
    In:  Epidemiology and Health Vol. 44 ( 2022-08-03), p. e2022064-
    Details
    In: Epidemiology and Health, Korean Society of Epidemiology, Vol. 44 ( 2022-08-03), p. e2022064-
    Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore factors affecting attitudes toward coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, including socio-demographic characteristics and mental health status during the pandemic.METHODS: This study analyzed responses from 1,768 participants who were originally included in a community cohort study and responded to 3 online surveys related to COVID-19 (March 2020 to March 2021). The k-means method was used to cluster trust in and intention to receive COVID-19 vaccination. Baseline (2013-2018) socio-demographic characteristics, physical health status, and depressive symptoms were analyzed as exposure variables, and current mental health status was included in the analyses.RESULTS: Almost half of all participants were classified into the moderate trust and high intention cluster (n=838, 47.4%); those with high trust and high intention accounted only for 16.9%. They tended to be older, had high-income levels, and engaged in regular physical activity at baseline (p 〈 0.05), and their sleep quality and psychological resilience were relatively high compared to other groups.CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that more efforts are required to enhance the perceived need for and trust in COVID-19 vaccination.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2092-7193
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2022064
    Language: English
    Publisher: Korean Society of Epidemiology
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on cognitive impairment in colorectal cancer: evidence from Korean National Health Insurance Database Cohort
    Korean Society of Epidemiology ; 2021
    In:  Epidemiology and Health Vol. 43 ( 2021-11-02), p. e2021093-
    Details
    In: Epidemiology and Health, Korean Society of Epidemiology, Vol. 43 ( 2021-11-02), p. e2021093-
    Abstract: OBJECTIVES: We investigated the risk of chemotherapy-related and radiotherapy-related cognitive impairment in colorectal cancer patients.METHODS: Medical use data of colorectal cancer patients were obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Database from 2004 to 2018. We randomly selected 40% of all colorectal cancer patients (n=148,848). Cognitive impairment was defined as having 1 or more International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision diagnostic codes for dementia or mild cognitive impairment. Patients aged 18 years or younger, patients diagnosed with cognitive impairment before colorectal cancer diagnosis (n=8,225), and patients who did not receive primary resection (n=45,320) were excluded. The effects of individual chemotherapy regimens on cognitive impairment were estimated. We additionally estimated the effect of radiotherapy in rectal cancer patients. Time-dependent competing risk Cox regression was conducted to estimate the overall and age-specific hazard ratios (HR) separately for colon and rectal cancer. Landmark analyses with different lag times were conducted as sensitivity analyses.RESULTS: Chemotherapy did not increase the risk of cognitive impairment in colorectal cancer patients (colon cancer: HR, 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI] , 0.83 to 1.03; rectal cancer: HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.04), while radiotherapy was negatively associated with cognitive impairment in rectal cancer patients (HR, 0.01; 95% CI, 0.84 to 0.99). Varying directions of the associations between regimens and cognitive impairment were detected. The adverse effect of certain chemotherapy regimens on cognition was more prominent in older adults.CONCLUSIONS: Chemotherapy and radiotherapy did not increase the risk of cognitive impairment. Older patients with low cognitive reserve could be affected by the adverse cognitive effects of chemotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2092-7193
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2021093
    Language: English
    Publisher: Korean Society of Epidemiology
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Socioeconomic inequality in compliance with precautions and health behavior changes during the COVID-19 outbreak: an analysis of the Korean Community Health Survey 2020
    Korean Society of Epidemiology ; 2022
    In:  Epidemiology and Health Vol. 44 ( 2022-01-09), p. e2022013-
    Details
    In: Epidemiology and Health, Korean Society of Epidemiology, Vol. 44 ( 2022-01-09), p. e2022013-
    Abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study examined socioeconomic inequalities in compliance with precautions and health behavior changes during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak using a representative Korean sample.METHODS: This exploratory study utilized around 210,000 participants aged ≥25 years in the Korean Community Health Survey 2020. Socioeconomic status was measured with educational attainment and household income. Outcomes included non-compliance with 8 precaution measures and deterioration in 6 health behaviors. The relative inequality index (RII) was calculated to quantify the degree of inequality by education and income level. RII values 〉 1.0 indicate that deprived people have a higher frequency of health problems, and RII values 〈 1.0 conversely indicate a higher frequency of health problems in more advantaged groups.RESULTS: People with lower education or income levels tended to have higher rates of non-compliance with COVID-19 safety precautions (RII range, 1.20 to 3.05). Lower education and income levels were associated with an increased smoking amount (RII=2.10 and 1.67, respectively) and sleep duration changes (RII=1.21 and 1.36, respectively). On the contrary, higher education and income levels were associated with decreased physical activity (RII=0.59 and 0.77, respectively) and increased delivery food consumption (RII=0.27 and 0.37, respectively). However, increased alcohol drinking was associated with lower education and income levels in younger men (RII=1.73 and 1.31, respectively), but with higher levels in younger women (RII=0.73 and 0.68, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest the need to develop customized strategies, considering the characteristics of the target population, to decrease the burden and impact of the COVID-19 outbreak.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2092-7193
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2022013
    Language: English
    Publisher: Korean Society of Epidemiology
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2590698-7
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Association between dietary and suicidal behaviors in adolescents in Korea based on the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2015-2020)
    Korean Society of Epidemiology ; 2022
    In:  Epidemiology and Health Vol. 44 ( 2022-03-12), p. e2022033-
    Details
    In: Epidemiology and Health, Korean Society of Epidemiology, Vol. 44 ( 2022-03-12), p. e2022033-
    Abstract: OBJECTIVES:This study explored the association between dietary and suicidal behaviors of Korean adolescents and investigated differences in this association in children of immigrant parents.METHODS: The sample (n=368,138) was collected from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey from 2015 to 2020. Participants who agreed to provide family information (n=313,689) were classified according to their parents’ nationality. The study variables were 11 self-reported dietary behaviors, and their composite dietary behaviors (i.e., nutrient deprivation and unhealthy food consumption) that resulted from principal component analysis. The association between study variables and suicide-related outcomes (i.e., suicidal ideation, suicide planning, and suicide attempts) was analyzed by multiple logistic regression with adjustment for covariates. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.RESULTS: Participants who skipped key meals and foods were more likely to have attemped suicide (aOR [95% CI]: skipping breakfast ≥5 days/wk, 1.28 [1.21 to 1.35] ; consuming fruits 〈 1 times/wk: 1.42 [1.32 to 1.52]; consuming vegetables 〈 1 times/wk: 1.72 [1.53 to 1.93]; consuming milk 〈 3 times/wk: 1.07 [0.99 to 1.16]). The associations were prominent in third culture kids (TCKs) (aOR [95% CI] : 2.23 [1.61 to 3.09]; 2.32 [1.61 to 3.35] ; 2.63 [1.50 to 4.60]; 1.69 [1.09 to 2.63] , respectively). Participants who consumed unhealthy foods (fast food, caffeinated and sugary drinks) more frequently were more likely to have attempted suicide (aOR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.38 to 1.73). This association was also more prominent in TCKs (aOR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.08 to 4.01).CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate a positive association between unfavorable dietary behaviors and outcomes related to suicide, and this association appears to be notable in adolescents with immigrant parents.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2092-7193
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2022033
    Language: English
    Publisher: Korean Society of Epidemiology
    Publication Date: 2022
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