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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Contrast-Enhanced Mammography for Screening Women after Breast Conserving Surgery
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Cancers Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2020-11-24), p. 3495-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2020-11-24), p. 3495-
    Abstract: To investigate the value of contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) compared to full-field digital mammography (FFDM) in screening breast cancer patients after breast-conserving surgery (BCS), this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant, institutional review board-approved retrospective, single-institution study included 971 CEM exams in 541 asymptomatic patients treated with BCS who underwent screening CEM between January 2013 and November 2018. Histopathology, or at least a one-year follow-up, was used as the standard of reference. Twenty-one of 541 patients (3.9%) were diagnosed with ipsi- or contralateral breast cancer: six (28.6%) cancers were seen with low-energy images (equivalent to FFDM), an additional nine (42.9%) cancers were detected only on iodine (contrast-enhanced) images, and six interval cancers were identified within 365 days of a negative screening CEM. Of the 10 ipsilateral cancers detected on CEM, four were detected on low-energy images (40%). Of the five contralateral cancers detected on CEM, two were detected on low-energy images (40%). Overall, the cancer detection rate (CDR) for CEM was 15.4/1000 (15/971), and the positive predictive value (PPV3) of the biopsies performed was 42.9% (15/35). For findings seen on low-energy images, with or without contrast, the CDR was 6.2/1000 (6/971), and the PPV3 of the biopsies performed was 37.5% (6/16). In the post-BCS screening setting, CEM has a higher CDR than FFDM.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123495
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Surface Immunogenic Protein of Streptococcus Group B is an Agonist of Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 and a Potential Immune Adjuvant
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Vaccines Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2020-01-16), p. 29-
    Details
    In: Vaccines, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2020-01-16), p. 29-
    Abstract: Vaccine-induced protection against pathogens, especially subunit-based vaccines, are related to antigen properties but mainly in their ability to stimulate the immune system by the use of an adjuvant. Modern vaccines are formulated with a high level of antigen purity, where an efficient adjuvant is necessary. In this context, the use of protein Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) agonists as vaccine adjuvants has been highlighted because of their optimal immunogenicity and minimal toxicity. The Surface Immunogenic Protein (SIP) from Group B Streptococcus (GBS) has gained importance as a new potential protein-based vaccine. Recently, we reported that recombinant SIP (rSIP) expressed by E. coli and purified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) alone induces a protective humoral immune response. In this study, we present the immunomodulatory properties of rSIP as a protein-based adjuvant, as an agonist of TLR. To this end, we showed that C57BL/6 bone marrow-derived dendritic cells pulsed by rSIP resulted in enhanced CD40, CD80, CD86, and Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II as well as increased secretion proinflammatory cytokines Interleukin (IL)-6, Interferon (IFN)-γ, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, and IL-10. Next, we investigated the in vivo effect of rSIP in the absence or presence of ovalbumin (OVA) on antigen-specific antibody secretion in C57BL/6 mice. Immunization with rSIP plus OVA showed that anti-OVA IgG2a and IgG1a increased significantly compared with OVA alone in C57BL/6 mice. Also, the immunization of rSIP plus OVA generates increased serum cytokines levels characterized by IL-12p70, IL-10, IL-4, and IFN-γ. Interestingly, we observed that rSIP stimulate Toll Like Receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4, individually expressed by Human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293-derived TLR reporter cells. These findings suggest that rSIP is a new potential protein TLR agonist adjuvant and may be employed in the development of new vaccines.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-393X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010029
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2703319-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Radiomics for Tumor Characterization in Breast Cancer Patients: A Feasibility Study Comparing Contrast-Enhanced Mammography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2020-07-18), p. 492-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2020-07-18), p. 492-
    Abstract: The aim of our intra-individual comparison study was to investigate and compare the potential of radiomics analysis of contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) of the breast for the non-invasive assessment of tumor invasiveness, hormone receptor status, and tumor grade in patients with primary breast cancer. This retrospective study included 48 female patients with 49 biopsy-proven breast cancers who underwent pretreatment breast CEM and MRI. Radiomics analysis was performed by using MaZda software. Radiomics parameters were correlated with tumor histology (invasive vs. non-invasive), hormonal status (HR+ vs. HR−), and grading (low grade G1 + G2 vs. high grade G3). CEM radiomics analysis yielded classification accuracies of up to 92% for invasive vs. non-invasive breast cancers, 95.6% for HR+ vs. HR− breast cancers, and 77.8% for G1 + G2 vs. G3 invasive cancers. MRI radiomics analysis yielded classification accuracies of up to 90% for invasive vs. non-invasive breast cancers, 82.6% for HR+ vs. HR− breast cancers, and 77.8% for G1+G2 vs. G3 cancers. Preliminary results indicate a potential of both radiomics analysis of DCE-MRI and CEM for non-invasive assessment of tumor-invasiveness, hormone receptor status, and tumor grade. CEM may serve as an alternative to MRI if MRI is not available or contraindicated.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10070492
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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