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  • MDPI AG  (8)
  • Jin, Shanshan  (8)
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  • MDPI AG  (8)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dietary Flavonoids, Copper Intake, and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Adults
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2018-07-29), p. 991-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2018-07-29), p. 991-
    Abstract: The effects of flavonoids and copper (Cu) on metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been investigated separately, but no information exists about the joint associations between flavonoids and Cu on the risk of MetS in population studies. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 9108 people aged 20–75 years from the Harbin Cohort Study on Diet, Nutrition, and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (HDNNCDS) were included. Flavonoid intakes were calculated based on the flavonoid database created in our laboratory. Cu and other nutrient intakes were estimated using the Chinese Food Composition Table. Among all study subjects, a total of 2635 subjects (28.9%) met the diagnostic criteria for inclusion in the MetS group. Total flavonoids (fourth vs. first quartile, odds ratio (OR): 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66–0.90, Ptrend = 0.002) and Cu (OR 0.81, 90% CI: 0.70–0.94, Ptrend = 0.020) were inversely associated with the risk of MetS after adjusting for potential confounders. Higher flavonoid intake was more strongly associated with a lower risk of MetS with high levels of Cu intake (Pinteraction = 0.008). Dose–response effects showed an L-shaped curve between the total intake of five flavonoids and the risk of MetS. These results suggest that higher flavonoid intake is associated with a lower risk of MetS, especially under high levels of Cu intake.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu10080991
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Progress of Hydrogel Dressings with Wound Monitoring and Treatment Functions
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Gels Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2023-08-28), p. 694-
    Details
    In: Gels, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2023-08-28), p. 694-
    Abstract: Hydrogels are widely used in wound dressings due to their moisturizing properties and biocompatibility. However, traditional hydrogel dressings cannot monitor wounds and provide accurate treatment. Recent advancements focus on hydrogel dressings with integrated monitoring and treatment functions, using sensors or intelligent materials to detect changes in the wound microenvironment. These dressings enable responsive treatment to promote wound healing. They can carry out responsive dynamic treatment in time to effectively promote wound healing. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive reviews of hydrogel wound dressings that incorporate both wound micro-environment monitoring and treatment functions. Therefore, this review categorizes hydrogel dressings according to wound types and examines their current status, progress, challenges, and future trends. It discusses various wound types, including infected wounds, burns, and diabetic and pressure ulcers, and explores the wound healing process. The review presents hydrogel dressings that monitor wound conditions and provide tailored treatment, such as pH-sensitive, temperature-sensitive, glucose-sensitive, pressure-sensitive, and nano-composite hydrogel dressings. Challenges include developing dressings that meet the standards of excellent biocompatibility, improving monitoring accuracy and sensitivity, and overcoming obstacles to production and commercialization. Furthermore, it provides the current status, progress, challenges, and future trends in this field, aiming to give a clear view of its past, present, and future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2310-2861
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/gels9090694
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813982-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessment of the Sea Surface Salinity Simulation and Projection Surrounding the Asian Waters in the CMIP6 Models
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Atmosphere Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2023-04-17), p. 726-
    Details
    In: Atmosphere, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2023-04-17), p. 726-
    Abstract: Sea surface salinity (SSS) is a crucial indicator that is used to monitor the hydrological cycle in the ocean system. In this study, we evaluated the simulation skill of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models in reproducing the SSS in the Asian Marginal Seas (AMSs). The results show that the AMSs’ SSS simulated by most CMIP6 models is generally in good agreement with the observations in terms of spatial patterns and seasonal variability. However, these models tend to overestimate the SSS in the Eastern Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal by up to 1.3 psu, while they underestimate the SSS in the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, the Southern South China Sea, and the Indonesian Seas, with the bias exceeding −1.5 psu. Additionally, the seasonal variations in the Sea of Okhotsk, the Bay of Bengal, and the Arabian Sea exhibit large biases with phase shift or reversal in some CMIP6 models. Notably, the observed magnitudes in the AMSs are significantly higher than the global average of 0.2 psu, ranging from 0.22 to 1.19 psu. Furthermore, we calculated the projected trends in sea surface salinity under different future scenarios by using the CMIP6 models. The results reveal relatively larger SSS freshening trends in the second half of the 21st century compared to the first half. Specifically, the freshening trends for the Shared Socio-Economic Pathway (SSP) of low- (global radiative forcing of 2.6 W/m2 by the year 2100), medium- (global radiative forcing of 4.5 W/m2 by 2100), and high-end (8.5 W/m2 by 2100) pathways are 0.05–0.21, 0.12–0.39, and 0.28–0.78 psu/century, respectively. The most rapid freshening trends of SSS are observed in the East China Seas and the Indonesian Seas, which are over two times greater than the global mean. On the other hand, the SSS freshening trends in the Arabian Sea are slightly lower than the global mean SSS freshening trend.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4433
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/atmos14040726
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2605928-9
    SSG: 23
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evolution Law of Micro-Pore Structure of Cement-Emulsified Asphalt Mortar Based on NMR
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 14, No. 23 ( 2022-11-22), p. 15508-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 23 ( 2022-11-22), p. 15508-
    Abstract: Cement emulsified asphalt mortar (CA) is widely used as the cushion of two types of ballastless track (CRTS I and CRTS II) in high-speed railways. Nowadays, the lack of durability of CA mortar has severely affected the quality of high-speed railways, failing to meet the requirements of sustainability. Since CA mortar is a kind of porous material, its performance can be significantly affected by its microstructures, which means that revealing the evolution law of its microstructures can provide the basis for improving its durability. Therefore, CA mortar species with different asphalt-cement ratio under different curing ages were prepared based on the requirements of CRTS II in this research and the pore structures were determined based on SEM and NMR methods. Then, a fractal model of CA mortar pore volume was proposed based on the concept of box fractal dimension, and the fractal dimension of pore volume was calculated. The relationship between fractal dimensions and mechanical property was analyzed based on Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. The results suggested that the overall microstructure of CA mortar shows a loose porous space structure with cement hydration products being the continuous phase and asphalt being the dispersed phase. With the increase in A/C ratio, the hydration products produced by cement hydration decrease, and the total porosity and average porosity of CA mortar gradually increase due to the increase of asphalt hindering the hydration process of the cement. With the increase in curing age, the pore structure of CA mortar becomes more compact. However, the evolution law of CA mortar pore structure with age is not consistent under different A/C ratios due to the influence of asphalt. The pore structure of CA mortar was proved to have obvious fractal characteristics based on the concept of box fractal dimension and the experimental data of NMR. In addition, the correlation analysis proves that the fractal dimension of pore structure has an obvious positive correlation with the compressive and flexural strength, which suggests that the fractal dimension of pore volume can be a bridge for connecting the macro-property and micro-structures of CA mortar.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su142315508
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Research on Attention Allocation of Land Policy System Reform: A Comparative Analysis Based on Central No. 1 Documents of China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 14, No. 23 ( 2022-11-23), p. 15553-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 23 ( 2022-11-23), p. 15553-
    Abstract: Dealing with relationships on farmland is one of the most important issues in China. Since its reform and opening up, the policies of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) on “agriculture, rural areas, and farmers” have been embodied in the Central No. 1 document. The documents, which represent the purpose of China, reveal the strategic direction and development ideas of the state. Based on Central No. 1 documents published by the Central Committee of the CPC, and using the attention theory from psychology, we proposed PAI and PAD indicators to express the Central Committee of the CPC’s concern and direction on agriculture, and then measured the change in attention allocation of the Central Committee of the CPC’s land policy, as well as what is “new” in the land policy system. Results showed that: First, the attention allocation of the Central Committee of the CPC’s land policy (PAI) shows a wave-like upward trend from 3.9% to 5%, and has gone through the stage of contracting management to benefit people’s livelihoods and liberate productivity, the stage of allocating land resource elements under scientific use control, and the stage of expanding power and enabling capacity to promote the modernization of land management. Second, the policy attention direction (PAD) has experienced a process from the early focus on the release of land factor productivity to the optimal allocation of land factor resources and then to the modernization of land management. Third, the scope of attention allocation is gradually expanding, especially for the construction of ecological civilization and promotion of the modernization of land management. To be specific, it is necessary to reasonably arrange the overall planning of China’s land policy system based on the actual situation, and to clarify and optimize the development direction and the proportion of attention allocation in its subdivision fields. The intention to be the first to push forward the implementation of the relevant policies and pilot issues of land governance modernization will become the new trend of the future research. Based on the actual situation, we should continue to emancipate prevailing perceptions and combine the focus of rural land reform to inject vitality into rural development and into the development of the whole economy and society.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su142315553
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analysis of the Distribution and Seasonal Variability of the South China Sea Water Masses Based on the K-means Cluster Method
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2023-02-24), p. 485-
    Details
    In: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2023-02-24), p. 485-
    Abstract: Influenced by local mixing and coastal runoff, water masses in the South China Sea degenerate significantly. The K-means algorithm is used to classify the water masses based on WOD13 temperature and salinity observations from 1966 to 2013 because its principle is consistent with the definition of a shallow water mass. The numbers and initial centers of the water masses are determined using functions of in-cluster distance and density values. The result shows that there are ten water masses in the South China Sea. In combination with the T-S scatter diagram, the properties of the South China Sea water masses were analyzed, including their distribution, the seasonal variability, and the degeneration processes. The temperatures of water masses were higher in summer and lower in winter, with the amplitudes of variation gradually reduced from the surface to the bottom. The seasonal variation in salinity of the surface water masses was high in winter and low in summer, which mainly depends on the amount of river discharge and precipitation. The subsurface water masses were strongly affected by water from the Pacific Ocean; thus, the seasonal variability of these water masses is weak, especially for the intermediate water mass that characterized by prominent low salinity. The water mass formed by the Kuroshio water invading the South China Sea has insignificant seasonal variations in temperature and salinity. The properties and seasonal variabilities of the water masses derived from the K-means algorithm are in agreement with the existing conclusions, suggesting that the improved K-means algorithm is efficient and accurate in the shallow water mass division.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-1312
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jmse11030485
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2738390-8
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Measurement and Correlation of the Solubility of β-Cyclodextrin in Different Solutions at Different Temperatures and Thermodynamic Study of the Dissolution Process
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Processes Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2019-03-05), p. 135-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2019-03-05), p. 135-
    Abstract: A new improved formulation was studied to improve the rehydration properties of freeze-dried dumplings. To provide basic data for industrial applications, the solubility capabilities of β-Cyclodextrin in sucrose, NaCl, and a mixed solution were measured at temperatures ranging from 303.15 to 353.15 K using a laser monitoring method. The experimental values indicated that the solubility of β-Cyclodextrin in solvents increased with increasing temperature. The simplified Apelblat model, Apelblat model, and λh model were employed to analyze the experimental results using correlation tests. The relative average deviation (RAD) values between the experimental and calculated values were less than 0.095, 0.075, and 0.103 for the simplified Apelblat equation, Apelblat equation, and λh equation, respectively. Apparent thermodynamic analysis of β-Cyclodextrin dissolution was also performed at the mean temperature using the model parameters of Apelblat equation. Furthermore, thermodynamic properties of the solution process, including the enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy, were also calculated and analyzed. This study provides the basic data for applications in industrial production, and is specifically of great significance for the improved formulation of freeze-dried dumplings.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr7030135
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modulation Signal Recognition Based on Information Entropy and Ensemble Learning
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Entropy Vol. 20, No. 3 ( 2018-03-16), p. 198-
    Details
    In: Entropy, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 3 ( 2018-03-16), p. 198-
    Abstract: In this paper, information entropy and ensemble learning based signal recognition theory and algorithms have been proposed. We have extracted 16 kinds of entropy features out of 9 types of modulated signals. The types of information entropy used are numerous, including Rényi entropy and energy entropy based on S Transform and Generalized S Transform. We have used three feature selection algorithms, including sequence forward selection (SFS), sequence forward floating selection (SFFS) and RELIEF-F to select the optimal feature subset from 16 entropy features. We use five classifiers, including k-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), Adaboost, Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) to classify the original feature set and the feature subsets selected by different feature selection algorithms. The simulation results show that the feature subsets selected by SFS and SFFS algorithms are the best, with a 48% increase in recognition rate over the original feature set when using KNN classifier and a 34% increase when using SVM classifier. For the other three classifiers, the original feature set can achieve the best recognition performance. The XGBoost classifier has the best recognition performance, the overall recognition rate is 97.74% and the recognition rate can reach 82% when the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is −10 dB.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1099-4300
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/e20030198
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2014734-X
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