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  • Jiang, Tingting  (14)
  • Lu, Yao  (14)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The relation of the frequency and functional molecules expression on plasmacytoid dendritic cells to postpartum hepatitis in women with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B virus infection
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Immunology Vol. 13 ( 2022-11-9)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-11-9)
    Abstract: To explore the correlation between postpartum hepatitis and changes of plasmacytoid dendritic cells’ (pDC) function and frequency in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive pregnant women with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Methods Pregnant women with chronic HBV infection receiving antiviral treatment (treated group) or not receiving antiviral treatment (untreated group) were enrolled and demographic information was collected before delivery. Clinical biochemical, virological serology, pDC frequency and functional molecular expression were tested before delivery and at 6, 12, 24 weeks after delivery. Results 90 eligible pregnant women were enrolled, 36 in the untreated group and 54 in the treated group. 36 patients developed postpartum hepatitis, including 17 (17/36, 47.2%) in the untreated group and 19 (19/54, 35.2%) in the treated group (χ2 = 1.304 p=0.253), and 22 cases of hepatitis occurred at 6 weeks postpartum, 12 at 12 weeks postpartum, and 2 at 24 weeks postpartum. The alanine transaminase (ALT) levels at any time postpartum were significantly higher than that of the antepartum, especially at 6 weeks and 12 weeks postpartum. However, the frequencies of pDCs, CD83 + pDCs and CD86 + pDCs antepartum had no significant difference from any time postpartum. The frequencies of CD83 + pDCs, CD86 + pDCs in the treated group antepartum were significantly higher than those in the untreated group [12.70 (9.46, 15.08) vs. 10.20 (7.96, 11.85), p=0.007; 22.05 (19.28, 33.03) vs. 18.05 (14.33, 22.95), p=0.011], and the same at 12 weeks postpartum [12.80 (10.50, 15.50) vs. 9.38 (7.73, 12.60), p=0.017; 22.50 (16.80, 31.20) vs. 16.50 (12.65, 20.80), p=0.001] . The frequency of CD86 + pDCs in the treated group was significantly higher than that in the untreated group at 24 weeks postpartum [22.10 (16.70, 30.00) vs. 17.10 (13.70, 20.05), p=0.006]. Conclusions Postpartum hepatitis in HBV infected women mainly occurs at 6-12 weeks postpartum. Antiviral treatment during pregnancy can significantly increase the frequencies of CD83 + pDCs and CD86 + pDCs in pregnant women with chronic HBV infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-3224
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1062123
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 2
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    Sustained viral response and relapse after discontinuation of oral antiviral drugs in HBeAg-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B infection
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Immunology Vol. 13 ( 2022-11-25)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-11-25)
    Abstract: To investigate the sustained virological response and relapse in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive after stopping oral antiviral drugs, and to monitor the disease progression and the incidence of adverse events such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods This is a prospective observational study. Patients who continued nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) treatment after achieving HBeAg seroconversion for more than 3 years were enrolled. After signing the informed consent form, patients stopped NA treatment and received follow-up. During the follow-up, the antiviral treatment information of the patients was collected, and the follow-up observation was carried out every 3 months since the enrollment. We monitored the virological indexes, liver and kidney function, serology and liver imaging during follow-up. The purpose of this study was to explore the sustained virological response rate, HBV DNA recurrence rate, clinical relapse rate and the related factors after drug withdrawal. Results A total of 82 patients were enrolled, including 42 males (51.22%) and 40 females (48.78%), with a median age of 34.00 (31.00, 37.25) years. All enrolled patients were followed up for 1 year. At the end of the follow-up, 36.59% (30/82) of patients had sustained virological response, 63.41% (52/82) of patients had HBV DNA reactivation, 17.07% (14/82) of patients had clinical relapse, and 10.98% (9/82) of patients had HBeAg reversion. During the follow-up, there were no adverse events such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The median level of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in patients with sustained virological response was lower than that in patients with HBV DNA reactivation (2.92 vs.3.18 log 10 IU/ml, Z =-1.492/ P =0.136), and the median level of baseline HBsAg in patients with HBV DNA reactivation was lower than that in patients with clinical relapse (3.01 vs.3.45 log 10 IU/mL, Z =-1.795/ P =0.073), but the difference was not significant. There was no significant statistical difference between patients with sustained virological response and HBV DNA reactivation of the median total treatment time [69.50 (56.25, 86.00) vs.62.50 (44.00, 88.50) months, Z =-0.689/ P =0.491], and the consolidation treatment time [41.50 (36.75, 54.75) vs.40.50 (36.00, 53.75) months, Z =-0.419/ P =0.675]. Conclusion The sustained virological response rate of HBeAg positive CHB patients after stopping oral antiviral treatment is lower, and it is more common in patients with lower HBsAg levels. Patients still need to be closely monitored after stopping NA therapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-3224
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1082091
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 3
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    Effects of hepatitis B virus infection and strategies for preventing mother-to-child transmission on maternal and fetal T-cell immunity
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Immunology Vol. 14 ( 2023-2-16)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 14 ( 2023-2-16)
    Abstract: One of the most common routes of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Approximately 6.4 million children under the age of five have chronic HBV infections worldwide. HBV DNA high level, HBeAg positivity, placental barrier failure, and immaturity of the fetal immune are the possible causes of chronic HBV infection. The passive-active immune program for children, which consists of the hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin, and antiviral therapy for pregnant women who have a high HBV DNA load (greater than 2 × 10 5 IU/ml), are currently two of the most important ways to prevent the transmission of HBV from mother to child. Unfortunately, some infants still have chronic HBV infections. Some studies have also found that some supplementation during pregnancy can increase cytokine levels and then affect the level of HBsAb in infants. For example, IL-4 can mediate the beneficial effect on infants’ HBsAb levels when maternal folic acid supplementation. In addition, new research has indicated that HBV infection in the mother may also be linked to unfavorable outcomes such as gestational diabetes mellitus, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, and premature rupture of membranes. The changes in the immune environment during pregnancy and the hepatotropic nature of HBV may be the main reasons for the adverse maternal outcomes. It is interesting to note that after delivery, the women who had a chronic HBV infection may spontaneously achieve HBeAg seroconversion and HBsAg seroclearance. The maternal and fetal T-cell immunity in HBV infection is important because adaptive immune responses, especially virus-specific CD8 T-cell responses, are largely responsible for viral clearance and disease pathogenesis during HBV infection. Meanwhile, HBV humoral and T-cell responses are important for the durability of protection after fetal vaccination. This article reviews the literature on immunological characteristics of chronic HBV-infected patients during pregnancy and postpartum, blocking mother-to-child transmissions and related immune mechanisms, hoping to provide new insights for the prevention of HBV MTCT and antiviral intervention during pregnancy and postpartum.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-3224
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1122048
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 4
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    Cytokine profiles and CD8+ T cells in the occurrence of acute and chronic hepatitis B
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Immunology Vol. 13 ( 2022-10-24)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-10-24)
    Abstract: We explore the expression of functional molecules on CD8+ T lymphocytes, cytokines concentration, and their correlation to occurrence of hepatitis B and hepatitis B virus (HBV) desoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in patients infected with HBV. Methods This is a single center study. 32 patients with acute hepatitis B (AHB), 30 patients with immune tolerant (IT) phase chronic HBV infected, and 50 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) were enrolled. The activation molecules (CD69) and the apoptosis-inducing molecules (CD178) on surface of CD8+ T lymphocytes were tested by the flow cytometry. Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt-3L), interleukin 17A (IL-17A), interferon γ (IFN-γ), and Interferon α2 (IFN-α2) were quantitated by Luminex assay. We use linear regression analysis to analyze their correlations to ALT, HBV DNA, HBsAg, and HBeAg. Results The frequency of CD69+CD8+ T lymphocytes in CHB and AHB groups were increased significantly compared with IT group (4.19[3.01, 6.18]% and 4.45[2.93, 6.71] % vs. 3.02[2.17, 3.44]%; H =26.207, P =0.001; H =28.585, P =0.002), and the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD69 in AHB group was significantly higher than IT and CHB groups (27.35[24.88, 32.25] vs. 20.45[19.05, 27.75] and 23.40[16.78, 28.13]; H =25.832, P =0.005 and H =22.056, P =0.008). In IT group, HBsAg levels and HBV DNA loads were negatively correlated with CD69MFI ( β =-0.025, t =-2.613, P =0.014; β =-0.021, t =-2.286, P =0.030), meanwhile, HBeAg was negatively related to the frequency of CD69+CD8+ T lymphocytes ( β =-61.306, t =-2.116, P =0.043). In AHB group, IFN-α2 was positively related to the frequency of CD8+ T lymphocytes ( β =6.798, t =2.629, P =0.016); however, in CHB group, IFN-α2 was negatively associated with frequency of CD8+ T lymphocytes ( β =-14.534, t =-2.085, P =0.043). In CHB group, HBeAg was positively associated with frequency of CD69+CD8+ T lymphocytes ( β =43.912, t =2.027, P =0.048). In AHB group, ALT was positively related to CD69MFI ( β =35.042, t =2.896, P =0.007), but HBsAg was negatively related to CD178MFI ( β =-0.137, t =-3.273, P =0.003). Conclusions The activation of CD8+ T lymphocytes was associated with the occurrence of AHB and CHB. However, due to the insufficient expression of functional molecules of CD8+ T lymphocytes and the depletion of CD8+ T lymphocytes, CHB patients were difficult to recover from HBV infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-3224
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1036612
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 5
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    Dynamic changes of cytokine profiles and virological markers during 48 weeks of entecavir treatment for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Immunology Vol. 13 ( 2022-9-20)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-9-20)
    Abstract: The aims of this study were to investigate the kinetic changes of serum, virological, and immunological markers during entecavir (ETV) antiviral therapy and to explore whether these indicators can predict the antiviral efficacy of ETV in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Methods HBeAg-positive CHB patients were enrolled and treated with ETV 0.5 mg/day. Clinical biochemical, virological, and serological tests were performed at baseline and every 12 weeks during the 48-week treatment. Plasma levels of cytokines (Flt-3L, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-6, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, and TNF-α) were measured at baseline and at 12 and 24 weeks after treatment. Analysis of the trends of these clinical indicators in ETV antiviral therapy was performed. Results A total of 105 HBeAg-positive CHB patients were enrolled, and 100 of them completed 48 weeks of ETV treatment and follow-up. After 48 weeks of treatment, hepatitis B s antigen (HBsAg) decline ≥ 1 log10 was found in seven patients, but no patient achieved HBsAg disappearance. serological HBeAg disappeared in 13 patients, and serological HBeAg transformed in 3 patients. The baseline HBsAg and HBeAg levels, HBV DNA load, IL-10, and TGF-β1 levels in the complete virological response group were lower than those in the incomplete virological response group, while the ALT level in the complete virological response group was higher than that in the incomplete virological response group. Both univariate analysis and multivariate analysis showed that baseline biochemical indexes, virological indexes, and cytokine levels had no correlation with the complete virological response at 48 weeks. In multivariate analysis, low baseline HBV DNA load, and HBeAg and IL-10 levels were significantly associated with ALT normalization after 48 weeks of ETV treatment (HBeAg OR = 1.003, 95% CI 1.001–1.006, p = 0.007; HBV DNA OR = 0.184, 95% CI 0.046–0.739, p = 0.017; IL-10 OR = 0.040, 95% CI 0.972–0.999, p = 0.040). Conclusion Cytokine levels changed dynamically during ETV antiviral therapy. Low baseline HBV DNA load, and HBeAg and IL-10 levels were significantly associated with ALT normalization after 48 weeks of ETV treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-3224
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1024333
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 6
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    Postpartum hepatitis and host immunity in pregnant women with chronic HBV infection
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Immunology Vol. 13 ( 2023-1-4)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2023-1-4)
    Abstract: In order to develop immune tolerant to the fetal, maternal immune system will have some modification comparing to the time before pregnancy. Immune tolerance starts and develops at the maternal placental interface. In innate immunity, decidual natural killer (dNK) cells, macrophages and dendritic cells play a key role in immue tolerance. In adaptive immunity, a moderate increase of number and immune inhibition function of regulatory T cells (Treg) are essential for immune tolerance. The trophoblast cells and immune cells expressing indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), the trophoblast cells expressing HLA-G, and Th1/Th2 shifting to Th2 dominant and Th17/Treg shifting to Treg domiant are in favor of maternal fetal immune tolerance. Steroids (estrogen and progesterone) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) also participate in immune tolerance by inducing Treg cells or upregulating immunosuppressive cytokines. Most of the patients with chronic HBV infection are in the “HBV immune tolerance period” before pregnancy, and the liver disease is relatively stable during pregnancy. In chronic HBV infection women, after delivery, the relative immunosuppression in vivo is reversed, and Th1 is dominant in Th1/Th2 and Th17 is dominant in Th17/Treg balance. After delivery, the number of Treg decrease and NK cells increase in quantity and cytotoxicity in peripheral blood. Liver NK cells may cause liver inflammation through a non-antigen specific mechanism. After delivery, the number of CD8 + T cells will increase and HBV specific T cell response recovers from the disfunction in pregnancy. Under the background of postpartum inflammation, the rapid decrease of cortisol after delivery, and especially the enhancement of HBV specific T cell response induced by HBV DNA and cytokines, are the main reasons for postpartum hepatitis. HBeAg positive, especially HBeAg & lt;700 S/CO, and HBV DNA & gt;3-5Log 10 IU/ml are risk factors for postpartum hepatitis. Antiviral treatment in late pregnancy can reduce the incidence of mother to child transmission (MTCT) in chronic HBV infection women. Chronic HBV infection women have hepatitis both during pregnancy and more often in 12 weeks postpartum. It is generally agreed that postpartum hepatitis is mild symptoms and self-limited. Delaying drug withdrawal to 48 weeks can increase the seroconversion rate of HBeAg in delivery women with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in pregnancy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-3224
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1112234
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 7
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    Changes of natural killer cells’ phenotype in patients with chronic hepatitis B in intermittent interferon therapy
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Immunology Vol. 14 ( 2023-1-30)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 14 ( 2023-1-30)
    Abstract: To investigate the changes of natural killer (NK) cell phenotype in the interferon alpha (IFN-α) treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and its relationship with clinical indicators. Methods The CHB patients who did not receive any antiviral treatment were set as initial treatment group and used pegylated interferon alpha (PEG-IFN α). Peripheral blood samples were collected at baseline, 4 weeks, and 12-24 weeks. For IFN-treated patients who entered the plateau were set as plateau group, and PEG-IFN α was discontinued and resumed after an interval of 12-24 weeks. Besides, we also enrolled some patients who had received oral drug for more than 6 months as oral drug group without follow up. Peripheral blood was collected during the plateau period, which was set as baseline, and after 12-24 weeks of intermittent treatment, and after 12-24 weeks of additional treatment with PEG-IFN α. The aim of the collection was to detect hepatitis B virus (HBV) virology, serology and biochemical indicators, and the NK cell related phenotype was detected by flow cytometry. Results In the plateau group, subgroup of CD69 + CD56 dim was higher with statistical significance when comparing with the initial treatment group and oral drug group [10.49 (5.27, 19.07) vs 5.03 (3.67, 8.58), Z = -3.11, P = 0.002; 10.49 (5.27, 19.07) vs 4.04 (1.90, 7.26), Z = -5.30, P & lt; 0.001)]. CD57 + CD56 dim was significantly lower than that in initial treatment group and oral drug group respectively [68.42±10.37 vs 55.85±12.87, t = 5.84, P & lt; 0.001; 76.38±9.49 vs 55.85±12.87, t = -9.65, P & lt; 0.001]. The CD56 bright CD16 - subgroup in the plateau group was higher with statistical significance compared with initial treatment group and oral drug group respectively [11.64 (6.05, 19.61) vs 3.58 (1.94, 5.60), Z = -6.35, P & lt; 0.001; 11.64 (6.05, 19.61) vs 2.37 (1.70, 4.30), Z = -7.74, P & lt; 0.001)]. CD57 + CD56 dim in the plateau group had a significant higher percentage than that at baseline after IFN discontinuation for 12-24 weeks (55.85±12.87 vs 65.95±12.94, t = -2.78, P = 0.011). Conclusion During the long-term treatment of IFN, the killer subgroup of NK cells is continuously depleted, leading to the differentiation of the regulatory subgroup into the killer subgroup. In the killing subgroup, although the number is continuously depleted, the activity of the subgroup is continuously increased. In the plateau phase, after stopping IFN for a period of time, the number of NK cell subsets would gradually recover, but was still lower than that in the initial treatment group.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-3224
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1116689
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 8
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    A nomogram based on HBeAg, AST, and age to predict non-minimal liver inflammation in CHB patients with ALT 〈80 U/L
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Immunology Vol. 13 ( 2023-1-19)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2023-1-19)
    Abstract: Precise assessment of liver inflammation in untreated hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can determine when to initiate antiviral therapy. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a nomogram model for the prediction of non-minimal liver inflammation based on liver pathological injuries combined with age and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), HBeAg, and HBV DNA quantification. Methods We retrospectively included 735 HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with ALT  & lt; 80 U/L as the primary cohort and prospectively enrolled 196 patients as the validation cohort. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified independent impact factors. A nomogram to predict significant liver inflammation was developed and validated. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that HBeAg, AST, and age were independent risk factors for predicting non-minimal liver inflammation in untreated CHB patients. The final formula for predicting non-minimal liver inflammation was Logit( P ) = −1.99 − 0.68 × Log 10 HBeAg + 0.04 × Age + 0.06 × AST. A nomogram for the prediction of non-minimal liver inflammation was established based on the results from the multivariate analysis. The predicted probability of the model being consistent with the actual probability was validated by the calibration curves, showing the best agreement in both the primary and validation cohorts. The C-index was 0.767 (95%CI = 0.734–0.802) in the primary cohort and 0.749 (95%CI = 0.681–0.817) in the prospective validation cohort. Conclusions The nomogram based on HBeAg, AST, and age might help predict non-minimal liver inflammation in HBeAg-positive CHB patients with ALT  & lt; 80 U/L, which is practical and easy to use for clinicians.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-3224
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1119124
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 9
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    Emerging nanobiotechnology for precise theranostics of hepatocellular carcinoma
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Nanobiotechnology Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2022-09-29)
    Details
    In: Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 20, No. 1 ( 2022-09-29)
    Abstract: Primary liver cancer has become the second most fatal cancer in the world, and its five-year survival rate is only 10%. Most patients are in the middle and advanced stages at the time of diagnosis, losing the opportunity for radical treatment. Liver cancer is not sensitive to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. At present, conventional molecularly targeted drugs for liver cancer show some problems, such as short residence time, poor drug enrichment, and drug resistance. Therefore, developing new diagnosis and treatment methods to effectively improve the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term prognosis of liver cancer is urgent. As an emerging discipline, nanobiotechnology, based on safe, stable, and efficient nanomaterials, constructs highly targeted nanocarriers according to the unique characteristics of tumors and further derives a variety of efficient diagnosis and treatment methods based on this transport system, providing a new method for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer. This paper aims to summarize the latest progress in this field according to existing research and the latest clinical diagnosis and treatment guidelines in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as well as clarify the role, application limitations, and prospects of research on nanomaterials and the development and application of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1477-3155
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01615-2
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 10
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    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Immunology Vol. 13 ( 2022-11-21)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-11-21)
    Abstract: To explore whether the frequencies and functional molecules expression of Natural Killer cells (NK cells) are related to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) disappearance in hepatitis B e envelope antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) throughout peginterferon alpha-2a (PEG-IFN α-2a) treatment. Methods In this prospective research, HBeAg-positive patients with CHB received PEG-IFN α-2a treatment, completing 4-year follow-up. After PEG-IFN α-2a treatment, undetectable HBV DNA, HBsAg loss, and HBeAg disappearance were defined as functional cure. Proportions of NK, CD56 dim , CD56 bright , NKp46 + , NKp46 dim , NKp46 high , and interferon alpha receptor 2 (IFNAR2) + NK cells, and the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of NK cell surface receptors IFNAR2 and NKp46 were detected. Results 66 patients were enrolled into the study in which 17 patients obtained functional cure. At baseline, hepatitis B virus desoxyribose nucleic acid (HBV DNA) titer in patients with functional cure was remarkably lower than that in Non-functional cure group. Compared with baseline, HBV DNA levels, HBsAg levels, and HBeAg levels significantly declined at week 12 and 24 of therapy in patients with functional cure. At baseline, the negative correlation between CD56 bright NK% and HBV DNA and the negative correlation between CD56 dim NK% and HBV DNA was showed; CD56 bright NK% and IFNAR2 MFI in patients with functional cure were remarkably higher than those in patients without functional cure. After therapy, CD56 bright NK% and NKp46 high NK% in patients with functional cure were higher than those in patients without functional cure. In Functional cure group, after 24 weeks of treatment NK%, CD56 bright NK%, IFNAR2 MFI weakly increased, and NKp46 high NK% and NKp46 MFI significantly increased, meanwhile, CD56 dim NK% and NKp46 dim NK% decreased. Only NKp46 MFI increased after therapy in patients without functional cure. Conclusion The lower HBV DNA load and the higher CD56 bright NK% before therapy, and the higher the post-treatment CD56 bright NK%, IFNAR2 MFI, NKp46 high NK%, the easier to achieve functional cure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-3224
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1067362
    DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1067362.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
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