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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Chitosan and Duck Fat-Based Emulsion Coatings on the Quality Characteristics of Chicken Meat during Storage
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Foods Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2022-01-17), p. 245-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2022-01-17), p. 245-
    Abstract: Chicken meat is a popular food commodity that is widely consumed worldwide. However, the shelf-life or quality maintenance of chicken meat is a major concern for industries because of spoilage by microbial growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chitosan and duck fat-based emulsion coatings on the quality characteristics and microbial stability of chicken meat during refrigerated storage. The coated chicken meat samples were as follows: control (non-coated), DFC0 (coated with duck fat), DFC0.5 (coated with duck fat and 0.5% chitosan), DFC1 (coated with duck fat and 1% chitosan), DFC2 (coated with duck fat and 2% chitosan), and SOC2 (coated with soybean oil and 2% chitosan). The results showed that the apparent viscosity and coating rate were higher in DFC2 than in other groups. Physicochemical parameters (pH, color, and Warner–Bratzler shear force) were better in DFC2 than those in other groups during 15 days of storage. Moreover, DFC2 delayed lipid oxidation, protein deterioration, and growth of microorganisms during storage. These data suggest that chitosan-supplemented duck fat-based emulsion coating could be used to maintain the quality of raw chicken meat during refrigerated storage.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods11020245
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 2
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    Preferred Migration of Mitochondria toward Cells and Tissues with Mitochondrial Damage
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 24 ( 2022-12-12), p. 15734-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 24 ( 2022-12-12), p. 15734-
    Abstract: Mitochondria are organelles that play a vital role in cellular survival by supplying ATP and metabolic substrates via oxidative phosphorylation and the Krebs cycle. Hence, mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to many human diseases, including metabolic syndromes, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and aging. Mitochondrial transfer between cells has been shown to occur naturally, and mitochondrial transplantation is beneficial for treating mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, the migration of mitochondria was tracked in vitro and in vivo using mitochondria conjugated with green fluorescent protein (MTGFP). When MTGFP were used in a coculture model, they were selectively internalized into lung fibroblasts, and this selectivity depended on the mitochondrial functional states of the receiving fibroblasts. Compared with MTGFP injected intravenously into normal mice, MTGFP injected into bleomycin-induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis model mice localized more abundantly in the lung tissue, indicating that mitochondrial homing to injured tissue occurred. This study shows for the first time that exogenous mitochondria are preferentially trafficked to cells and tissues in which mitochondria are damaged, which has implications for the delivery of therapeutic agents to injured or diseased sites.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415734
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
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    Probiotic Properties of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LB5 Isolated from Kimchi Based on Nitrate Reducing Capability
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Foods Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2020-11-30), p. 1777-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2020-11-30), p. 1777-
    Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Korean radish water kimchi (dongchimi). A total of 800 isolates of lactic acid bacteria were isolated from kimchi, and the strain having reduction and tolerance capability for nitrate and nitrite was selected and identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LB5 (LPLB5) by 16S rRNA sequencing. LPLB5 showed higher tolerance to acidic pH values (pH 2.5), 0.3% bile salts, and heat treatment (40, 50, and 60 °C). Antibacterial activity showed strong inhibition against four food-borne pathogenic bacteria (E. coli O157:H7 ATCC 35150, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KCCM 12539, Listeria monocytogenes KCCM 40307, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923). The strain did not show any antibiotic resistance, β-hemolytic activity, or ability to produce β-glucuronidase. LPLB5 also exhibited a 30% auto-aggregation ability and 33–60% co-aggregation ability with four pathogenic bacteria (E. coli O157: H7 ATCC 35150, E. coli KCTC 2571, L. monocytogenes ATCC 51776, and S. aureus ATCC 25923). Moreover, the strain showed approximately 40% 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical- and 10% 2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical-scavenging activity. In cell culture studies, human colon epithelial cells (Caco-2) were treated with LPLB5 (106 and 107 CFU/mL); the bacteria showed more than 70% adherence onto and a 32% invasion rate into the Caco-2 cells. LPLB5 significantly decreased the mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)) and increased the mRNA expression levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Caco-2 cells. Our data suggest that LPLB5 is safe and possesses probiotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods9121777
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Amplifying the Output of a Triboelectric Nanogenerator Using an Intermediary Layer of Gallium-Based Liquid Metal Particles
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2023-04-06), p. 1290-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2023-04-06), p. 1290-
    Abstract: The production of energy has become a major issue in today’s world. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are promising devices that can harvest mechanical energy and convert it into electrical energy. This study explored the use of Galinstan particles in the production of TENGs, which convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. During the curing process, the evaporation of the hexane solvent resulted in a film with varying concentrations of Galinstan particles. The addition of n-hexane during ultrasonication reduced the viscosity of the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) solution, allowing for the liquid metal (LM) particles to be physically pulverized into smaller pieces. The particle size distribution of the film with a Galinstan concentration of 23.08 wt.% was measured to be within a few micrometers through ultrasonic crushing. As the amount of LM particles in the PDMS film increased, the capacitance of the film also increased, with the LM/PDMS film with a 23.08% weight percentage exhibiting the highest capacitance value. TENGs were created using LM/PDMS films with different weight percentages and tested for open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and charge amount Q. The TENG with an LM/PDMS film with a 23.08% weight percentage had the highest relative permittivity, resulting in the greatest voltage, current, and charge amount. The use of Galinstan particles in PDMS films has potential applications in wearable devices, sensors, and biomedical fields.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano13071290
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development of β-Cyclodextrin/Konjac-Based Emulsion Gel for a Pork Backfat Substitute in Emulsion-Type Sausage
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Gels Vol. 8, No. 6 ( 2022-06-11), p. 369-
    Details
    In: Gels, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 6 ( 2022-06-11), p. 369-
    Abstract: Emulsion gel has been used to replace animal fats in meat products. Konjac is a widely used gelling agent; however, its low emulsion stability limits its use in meat products. This study aimed to examine the quality characteristics of β-cyclodextrin (CD)-supplemented konjac-based emulsion gel (KEG) (CD-KEG) and its application as a fat substitute in emulsion-type sausages. The supplementation of CD increased hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with konjac and oil in the gels, respectively. Additionally, CD increased the structural complexity and strength of KEG. Since adding more than 6% of CD to KEG did not increase the gel strength, 6% CD-added KEG was adopted to substitute for pork backfat in manufacturing low-fat emulsion-type sausages. The following formulations of the sausages were prepared: pork backfat 20% (PF20); pork backfat 10% + KEG 10% (KEG10); KEG 20% (KEG20); pork backfat 10% + CD-KEG 10% (CD-KEG10); CD-KEG 20% (CD-KEG20); and pork backfat 5% (PF5). The CD-KEG20 formulation exhibited higher viscosity and viscoelasticity than KEG20, which suggested that CD improves the rheological properties and the thermal stability of meat batter. Additionally, CD-KEG20 showed similar emulsion stability, cooking yield and texture parameters compared with PF20. Therefore, 6% CD-added KEG is a suitable fat substitute for preparing low-fat emulsion-type sausages.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2310-2861
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/gels8060369
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813982-3
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  • 6
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    Diagnostic Performance of EUS-Guided Sampling in Indeterminate Radiological Diagnosis of Pancreatic Disease and Intra-Abdominal Lymphadenopathy
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10, No. 17 ( 2021-08-27), p. 3850-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 17 ( 2021-08-27), p. 3850-
    Abstract: Background: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided sampling has been widely used for pathologic diagnosis of pancreatic lesions and intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy. However, its effectiveness for diagnostic decision making in indeterminate radiological diagnosis has not been well determined. Materials and Methods: From March 2012 to October 2015, 98 consecutive patients who underwent EUS-guided FNA for solid intra-abdominal lesions were retrospectively analyzed (100 procedures). The purpose of EUS-guided sampling was classified as (1) confirmation of a high-confidence radiological diagnosis (High-confidence group) or (2) decision making in the differential diagnostic dilemma for indeterminate radiological diagnosis (Indeterminate group). The accuracies of EUS-guided sampling according to the purpose were analyzed and then compared. Results: Of the 100 procedures, 22 procedures (22%) came under the Indeterminate group, whereas 78 came under the High-confidence group. The accuracies did not differ between the Indeterminate and the High-confidence groups (86.4% vs. 88.5%, p = 1.000). Clinical conditions that required EUS-guided sampling for indeterminate radiological diagnosis were (1) pancreatic cancer vs. benign disease (n = 8; e.g., pancreatic cancer vs. mass-forming pancreatitis), (2) recurrence of previous/pre-existing cancer vs. benign disease (n = 5; e.g., recurrent gastric cancer vs. reactive lymph node), (3) pathologic differentiation of presumed malignancy (n = 6; e.g., lymphadenopathies in the previous history of esophageal cancer and colon cancer), or (4) miscellaneous (n = 3; e.g., tuberculous lymphadenopathy vs. other condition). Conclusions: EUS-guided sampling demonstrated an accuracy of 86.4% in the clinical setting of indeterminate radiological diagnosis, which was not different from that of the confirmation of high-confidence diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173850
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Effect of Blended Perfluorinated Sulfonic Acid Ionomer Binder on the Performance of Catalyst Layers in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Membranes Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2023-09-13), p. 794-
    Details
    In: Membranes, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2023-09-13), p. 794-
    Abstract: In this study, blended perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomers with equivalent weights (EWs, g/mol) of ~1000, 980, and 830 are prepared. Catalyst layers (CLs), using blended PFSA ionomers, with different side chain lengths and EWs are investigated and compared to CLs using single ionomers. The ion exchange capacity results confirm that blended ionomers have the target EWs. As a result, blended ionomers exhibit higher ion conductivity than single ionomers at all temperatures due to the higher water uptake of the blended ionomers. This implies that blended ionomers have a bulk structure to form a competent free volume compared to single ionomers. Blended ionomers with short side chains and low EWs can help reduce the activation energy in proton conduction due to enhanced hydrophobic and hydrophilic segregation. In addition, when using the blended ionomer, the CLs form a more porous microstructure to help reduce the resistance of oxygen transport and contributes to lower mass transfer loss. This effect is proven in fuel cell operations at not a lower temperature (70 °C) and full humidification (100%) but at an elevated temperature (80 °C) and lower relative humidity (50 and 75%). Blended ionomer-based CLs with a higher water uptake and porous CL structure result in improved fuel cell performance with better mass transport than single ionomer-based CLs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0375
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/membranes13090794
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2614641-1
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Diagnosis of Cholangiocarcinoma
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2023-01-08), p. 233-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2023-01-08), p. 233-
    Abstract: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a tumor of the bile duct epithelium, is increasing in incidence. CCA remains a highly fatal malignancy because early diagnosis is difficult. Based on its anatomical location, CCA can be categorized into the following three groups: perihilar, intrahepatic, and extrahepatic. Patients with CCA complain of asymptomatic jaundice, weight loss, and right upper quadrant abdominal discomfort. Imaging modalities, including transabdominal ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, play an important role in detecting tumors as well as guiding biopsy procedures and staging workups in CCA. Characteristically, extrahepatic CCA shows abrupt changes in ductal diameter with upstream ductal dilation. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are recommended as the next step in the evaluation of extrahepatic CCA. Tissue is obtained through EUS-FNA or ERCP (biopsy, brush cytology), and therapeutic intervention (such as stent insertion) is performed with ERCP. Moreover, several serum tumor markers (carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen) can be useful in diagnosing CCA in some patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13020233
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Least Squares Neural Network-Based Wireless E-Nose System Using an SnO2 Sensor Array
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Sensors Vol. 18, No. 5 ( 2018-05-06), p. 1446-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 5 ( 2018-05-06), p. 1446-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s18051446
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 10
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    Combustible Gas Classification Modeling using Support Vector Machine and Pairing Plot Scheme
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Sensors Vol. 19, No. 22 ( 2019-11-17), p. 5018-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 22 ( 2019-11-17), p. 5018-
    Abstract: Combustible gases, such as CH4 and CO, directly or indirectly affect the human body. Thus, leakage detection of combustible gases is essential for various industrial sites and daily life. Many types of gas sensors are used to identify these combustible gases, but since gas sensors generally have low selectivity among gases, coupling issues often arise which adversely affect gas detection accuracy. To solve this problem, we built a decoupling algorithm with different gas sensors using a machine learning algorithm. Commercially available semiconductor sensors were employed to detect CH4 and CO, and then support vector machine (SVM) applied as a supervised learning algorithm for gas classification. We also introduced a pairing plot scheme to more effectively classify gas type. The proposed model classified CH4 and CO gases 100% correctly at all levels above the minimum concentration the gas sensors could detect. Consequently, SVM with pairing plot is a memory efficient and promising method for more accurate gas classification.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s19225018
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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