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  • MDPI AG  (84)
  • Huang, Jing  (84)
  • 1
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    Overexpression of Nicotianamine Synthase (AtNAS1) Increases Iron Accumulation in the Tuber of Potato
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Plants Vol. 11, No. 20 ( 2022-10-17), p. 2741-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 20 ( 2022-10-17), p. 2741-
    Abstract: Iron (Fe) deficiency is a global health problem, especially in underdeveloped countries. Biofortification with genetic engineering methods has been used to improve Fe nutrition in a number of crops. Various steps, e.g., uptake, distribution, and storage, involved in Fe homeostasis have been manipulated to increase the Fe concentration in the edible portions of plants. Nicotianamine (NA) is an important metal ion chelator in plants. It promotes the mobility of Fe and decreases cellular Fe toxicity. Increasing the Fe content in crops by promoting NA synthesis could help decrease human diseases associated with Fe deficiency. In the present study, Arabidopsis thaliana nicotianamine synthase 1 (AtNAS1) was overexpressed in potato (Solanum tuberosum, St) under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Transgenic plants had a significantly increased amount of Fe in tubers (52.7 µg/g dry weight, 2.4-fold the amount in wild-type tubers), while no differences in plant phenotype or yield were detected between transgenic and wild-type plants. The expression of genes involved in root mineral uptake and homeostasis, such as StYSL1, StIRT1, StFRO1, and StNAS, was also altered in the roots and leaves of the transgenic plants. Our results demonstrate that the manipulation of Fe chelation is a useful strategy for Fe nutrition improvement, and the increased Fe accumulation in tubers of transgenic potato plants is most likely caused by the increased movement of Fe from the leaf to the tuber.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants11202741
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 2
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    Biochar Application Alleviated Rice Salt Stress via Modifying Soil Properties and Regulating Soil Bacterial Abundance and Community Structure
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2022-02-06), p. 409-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2022-02-06), p. 409-
    Abstract: Increased soil salinity significantly inhibits crop production worldwide, and biochar may alleviate salt stress. In the present study, the application of biochar significantly increased the biomass of rice under salt stress treatment. The analysis of soil properties demonstrated that biochar application significantly decreased electrical conductivity and soluble Na+ and Cl− contents in the soil under salt stress. In addition, biochar application increased the soil cation exchange capacity, soil organic matter, humic acid, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus contents in the soil, suggesting that biochar improved the soil nutrient conditions. The application of biochar further increased the abundance of soil bacteria and changed the bacterial community structure under salt stress. Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteria were the top three phyla in bacterial abundance. Biochar increased Proteobacteria abundance and decreased Chloroflexi abundance, which were considered to be eutrophic bacteria and oligotrophic bacteria, respectively. Redundancy analysis showed that soil bacterial communities were mainly affected by soil pH and EC (p 〈 0.05). In conclusion, the application of biochar alleviated salt stress in rice via modifying soil properties and regulating the bacterial abundance and community structure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy12020409
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 3
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    A Novel Eco-Friendly Vanadium Precipitation Method by Hydrothermal Hydrogen Reduction Technology
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Minerals Vol. 7, No. 10 ( 2017-09-28), p. 182-
    Details
    In: Minerals, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 10 ( 2017-09-28), p. 182-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-163X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/min7100182
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 4
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    The Emergence and Pathogenesis of Recombinant Viruses Associated with NADC34-like Strains and the Predominant Circulating Strains of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Southern China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Viruses Vol. 14, No. 8 ( 2022-07-31), p. 1695-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 8 ( 2022-07-31), p. 1695-
    Abstract: Since its recent appearance in China, the NADC30-like strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 (PRRSV-2) have caused an expanding epidemic, and this has further expanded the genetic diversity of PRRSV. In this study, three NADC30-like strains—GXFCG20210401, GXQZ20210403 and GXNN20210506—were isolated from pig serum samples obtained in Guangxi, and their genomes were sequenced. A comparative analysis of the whole genomes showed that the three strains were most similar to NADC30 (88.3–88.7%). In particular, the non-structural protein coding regions (nsp1, nsp4-5, nsp7-8 and nsp9) showed the highest similarities to JXA1, and the ORF2a-ORF5 regions showed the highest similarities to NADC34. The three strains had same discontinuous deletions of 111+1+19 amino acids in the nsp2 region, which were similar to the NADC30-like strains. Phylogenetic tree analysis based on the ORF5 gene showed that the three PRRSV isolates were divided into lineage 1.5 along with the representative NADC34-like strains, but they were classified as NADC30-like strains with respect to the whole genome and nsp2 evolutionary trees. Recombinant analysis revealed complex recombination patterns in the genomes of the three strains, which likely originated from multiple recombination events among JXA1-like, NADC30-like and NADC34-like strains. The results from animal experiments showed that the GXQZ20210403 strain was 20% lethal to piglets and caused more severe clinical reactions than GXFCG20210401, and both recombinant strains were similar in terms of pathogenicity to the previously reported NADC34 strains. This study demonstrates that NADC34-like strains of PRRSV have been circulating in the southern provinces of China and have exchanged genomes with several other indigenous strains. In addition, differences in recombination patterns may cause different clinical pathogenicity and indicate the importance of the surveillance and preventive control of recombinant strains.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v14081695
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 5
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    The Impact of Family Capital on Farmers’ Participation in Farmland Transfer: Evidence from Rural China
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Land Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2021-12-07), p. 1351-
    Details
    In: Land, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2021-12-07), p. 1351-
    Abstract: Family capital provides diverse and effective resources for production and livelihood of farmers, and thus profoundly determines farmers’ behavior in the decision-making process, yet the specific impact of family capital on farmers’ participation in farmland transfer has not been adequately examined. Based on a theoretical analysis, this paper divides family capital into four dimensions: human capital, economic capital, social capital, and cultural capital, and empirically analyzes the impact of different types of family capital on farmers’ participation in farmland transfer by using data on farmers in the 2018 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) database. The results show that human capital, economic capital, and cultural capital all have significant impacts on both farmland transfer-out and transfer-in behavior, while social capital only plays a significant role in farmland transfer in. In order to accelerate the development process of farmland transfer in China, it is necessary to actively guide surplus rural labor towards non-agricultural employment, improve the farmland system and build a land transfer trading platform to promote the transfer of farmland to households with a good agricultural base, and strengthen social security construction to reinforce the enthusiasm of farmers engaging in land transfer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-445X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/land10121351
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2682955-1
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  • 6
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    Genome Survey Sequencing and Genetic Background Characterization of Ilex chinensis Sims (Aquifoliaceae) Based on Next-Generation Sequencing
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Plants Vol. 11, No. 23 ( 2022-12-01), p. 3322-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 23 ( 2022-12-01), p. 3322-
    Abstract: Ilex chinensis Sims. is an evergreen arbor species with high ornamental and medicinal value that is widely distributed in China. However, there is a lack of molecular and genomic data for this plant, which severely restricts the development of its relevant research. To obtain the whole reference genome, we first conducted a genome survey of I. chinensis by next-generation sequencing (NGS) to perform de novo whole-genome sequencing. As a result, our estimates using k-mer and flow cytometric analysis suggested the genome size of I. chinensis to be around 618–655 Mb, with the GC content, heterozygous rate, and repeat sequence rate of 37.52%, 1.1%, and 38%, respectively. A total of 334,649 microsatellite motifs were detected from the I. chinensis genome data, which will provide basic molecular markers for germplasm characterization, genetic diversity, and QTL mapping studies for I. chinensis. In summary, the I. chinensis genome is complex with high heterozygosity and few repeated sequences. Overall, this is the first report on the genome features of I. chinensis, and the information may lay a strong groundwork for future whole-genome sequencing and molecular breeding studies of this species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants11233322
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 7
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    Cytological and Transcriptomic Analysis Provide Insights into the Formation of Variegated Leaves in Ilex × altaclerensis ‘Belgica Aurea’
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Plants Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2021-03-15), p. 552-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2021-03-15), p. 552-
    Abstract: Ilex × altaclerensis ‘Belgica Aurea’ is an attractive ornamental plant bearing yellow-green variegated leaves. However, the mechanisms underlying the formation of leaf variegation in this species are still unclear. Here, the juvenile yellow leaves and mature variegated leaves of I. altaclerensis ‘Belgica Aurea’ were compared in terms of leaf structure, pigment content and transcriptomics. The results showed that no obvious differences in histology were noticed between yellow and variegated leaves, however, ruptured thylakoid membranes and altered ultrastructure of chloroplasts were found in yellow leaves (yellow) and yellow sectors of the variegated leaves (variegation). Moreover, the yellow leaves and the yellow sectors of variegated leaves had significantly lower chlorophyll compared to green sectors of the variegated leaves (green). In addition, transcriptomic sequencing identified 1675 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the three pairwise comparisons (yellow vs. green, variegation vs. green, yellow vs. variegation). Expression of magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester (MgPME) [oxidative] cyclase, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) synthase and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) synthase were decreased in the yellow leaves. Altogether, chlorophyll deficiency might be the main factors driving the formation of leaf variegation in I.altaclerensis ‘Belgica Aurea’.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants10030552
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 8
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    Real-Time Monitoring and Quantitative Evaluation of Resin In-Filtrant Repairing Enamel White Spot Lesions Based on Optical Coherence Tomography
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-11-04), p. 2046-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-11-04), p. 2046-
    Abstract: The aim of the present study was to explore the feasibility of real-time monitoring and quantitative guiding the repair of enamel white spot lesions (WSLs) with resin infiltration by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Seven New Zealand rabbits were treated with 37% phosphoric acid etchant for 15 min to establish the model of enamel demineralization chalk spots of upper incisors, which were repaired by Icon resin infiltrant. OCT, stereo microscope (SM) imaging, scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging and hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining were used to image each operation step. The changes of WSLs of enamel before and in the process of restoration with resin infiltrant showed specific performance in OCT images, which were consistent with the corresponding results of stereomicroscope and SEM. OCT can non-invasively and accurately image the whole process of repairing enamel demineralization layer with resin infiltration real-time, which can effectively guide the clinical use of resin infiltrant to repair enamel WSLs and be used as an imaging tool to evaluate the process and effect of restoration with resin infiltrant at the same time.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11112046
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 9
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    Selective Leaching of Valuable Metals from Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst with Oxalic Acid
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Minerals Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2022-06-13), p. 748-
    Details
    In: Minerals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2022-06-13), p. 748-
    Abstract: The problem of spent fluid catalytic cracking (SFCC) catalyst resource utilization, draws more and more attention to system analysis. SFCC was leached in an oxalic solution for comprehensive utilization. The results showed that for a D50 ≤ 17.34 μm, the catalyst leached for 240 min at 95 °C in the presence of a 2 mol/L oxalic acid solution, and the extent of leaching of V, Ni, Fe, and Al was 73.4%, 32.4%, 48.2%, and 36.8%, respectively. Studies on the occurrence state of the main ions (V, Ni, Fe, and Al) in the leaching solution were presented. Additionally, the separation of the main ions from such a solution by the “solvent extraction-stripping-hydrothermal precipitation-comprehensive recovery of valuable metal” process was studied. The immobilization rates of vanadium and nickel in geopolymers can be obtained using the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test, and the geopolymers prepared by SFCC leaching residues can be considered a non-hazardous material. A process diagram of the comprehensive utilization of SFCC catalysts is presented.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-163X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/min12060748
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 10
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    Raman Spectroscopy Studies of Equilibrated Ordinary Chondrites with H and L Group and Shock Metamorphism Degrees
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Minerals Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2022-08-21), p. 1053-
    Details
    In: Minerals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2022-08-21), p. 1053-
    Abstract: Ordinary chondrites are the most common type of chondrites. As a non-destructive, rapid, and semi-quantitative technology, Raman spectroscopy is widely used in geoscience. This paper presents the results of a Raman spectroscopic study that we conducted for 16 ordinary chondrites with different chemical groups and variable degrees of shock metamorphism. We found that: (1) the relationship between the Fe composition of olivine and pyroxene and the characteristic peaks of the Raman spectrum established by predecessors cannot be refined to the range of meteorites, the shock on meteorites also affects the Raman spectral characteristics of minerals and (2) the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the shocked minerals (including high-pressure minerals) in meteorites increases in the Raman spectrum, however, no clear numerical relationship with pressure was found. Based on these data, we assess that the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy for the classification of chemical group and shock metamorphism in ordinary chondrites is not well established.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-163X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/min12081053
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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