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  • Huang, Boyin  (6)
  • Lawrimore, Jay  (6)
  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2019
    In:  Eos Vol. 100 ( 2019-07-19)
    Details
    In: Eos, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 100 ( 2019-07-19)
    Kurzfassung: The latest version of NOAA’s Global Surface Temperature Dataset improves coverage over land and sea and improves the treatment of historical changes in observational practices.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2324-9250
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2019EO128229
    Sprache: Unbekannt
    Verlag: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publikationsdatum: 2019
    ZDB Id: 2118760-5
    ZDB Id: 240154-X
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Why Did Large Differences Arise in the Sea Surface Temperature Datasets across the Tropical Pacific during 2012?
    American Meteorological Society ; 2013
    In:  Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology Vol. 30, No. 12 ( 2013-12), p. 2944-2953
    Details
    In: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 30, No. 12 ( 2013-12), p. 2944-2953
    Kurzfassung: During June–November 2012, pronounced differences in tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies were observed between three widely used SST products: the extended reconstructed SST version 3b (ERSSTv3b), and the optimum interpolation SST version 2 analyses (OISST), produced weekly (OISSTwk) and daily (OISSTdy). During June–August 2012, the Niño-3.4 SST anomaly (SSTA) index was 0.2°–0.3°C lower in ERSSTv3b than in OISSTwk and OISSTdy, while it was 0.3°–0.4°C higher from September to November 2012. Such differences in the Niño-3.4 SSTA index can impact the assessment of the status of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, which is determined using a threshold of ±0.5°C in the Niño-3.4 SSTA index. To investigate the reasons for the differences between ERSSTv3b and OISSTdy/OISSTwk, an experimental analysis (called ERSSTsat) is created that is similar to ERSSTv3b but includes satellite-derived SSTs. However, significant differences in the Niño-3.4 SSTA index remained between ERSSTsat and OISSTdy/OISSTwk. Comparisons of ERSSTsat and OISSTdy indicate that their differences are mostly associated with the different schemes for bias adjustment applied to the satellite-based SSTs. It is therefore suggested that the differences in the Niño-3.4 SSTA index between ERSSTv3b and OISSTdy cannot be solely due to the inclusion of but by the bias adjustment methodology of satellite data in OISSTdy. Finally, the SST products are compared with observations from ships, buoys, and satellites. On the monthly time scale, the area-averaged Niño-3.4 SSTA index in the tropical Pacific is more consistent with in situ observations in ERSSTv3b than in OISSTdy. In contrast, pointwise observations across the tropical Pacific are more consistent with OISSTdy than ERSSTv3b. It is therefore suggested that the differences among SST products are partially due to a structural uncertainty of various SST estimates.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0739-0572 , 1520-0426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00034.1
    Sprache: Unbekannt
    Verlag: American Meteorological Society
    Publikationsdatum: 2013
    ZDB Id: 2021720-1
    ZDB Id: 48441-6
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    Online-Ressource
  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Further Exploring and Quantifying Uncertainties for Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) Version 4 (v4)
    American Meteorological Society ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 29, No. 9 ( 2016-05-01), p. 3119-3142
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 29, No. 9 ( 2016-05-01), p. 3119-3142
    Kurzfassung: The uncertainty in Extended Reconstructed SST (ERSST) version 4 (v4) is reassessed based upon 1) reconstruction uncertainties and 2) an extended exploration of parametric uncertainties. The reconstruction uncertainty (Ur) results from using a truncated (130) set of empirical orthogonal teleconnection functions (EOTs), which yields an inevitable loss of information content, primarily at a local level. The Ur is assessed based upon 32 ensemble ERSST.v4 analyses with the spatially complete monthly Optimum Interpolation SST product. The parametric uncertainty (Up) results from using different parameter values in quality control, bias adjustments, and EOT definition etc. The Up is assessed using a 1000-member ensemble ERSST.v4 analysis with different combinations of plausible settings of 24 identified internal parameter values. At the scale of an individual grid box, the SST uncertainty varies between 0.3° and 0.7°C and arises from both Ur and Up. On the global scale, the SST uncertainty is substantially smaller (0.03°–0.14°C) and predominantly arises from Up. The SST uncertainties are greatest in periods and locales of data sparseness in the nineteenth century and relatively small after the 1950s. The global uncertainty estimates in ERSST.v4 are broadly consistent with independent estimates arising from the Hadley Centre SST dataset version 3 (HadSST3) and Centennial Observation-Based Estimates of SST version 2 (COBE-SST2). The uncertainty in the internal parameter values in quality control and bias adjustments can impact the SST trends in both the long-term (1901–2014) and “hiatus” (2000–14) periods.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0430.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: American Meteorological Society
    Publikationsdatum: 2016
    ZDB Id: 246750-1
    ZDB Id: 2021723-7
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  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature Version 4 (ERSST.v4). Part I: Upgrades and Intercomparisons
    American Meteorological Society ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 28, No. 3 ( 2015-02-01), p. 911-930
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 28, No. 3 ( 2015-02-01), p. 911-930
    Kurzfassung: The monthly Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) dataset, available on global 2° × 2° grids, has been revised herein to version 4 (v4) from v3b. Major revisions include updated and substantially more complete input data from the International Comprehensive Ocean–Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) release 2.5; revised empirical orthogonal teleconnections (EOTs) and EOT acceptance criterion; updated sea surface temperature (SST) quality control procedures; revised SST anomaly (SSTA) evaluation methods; updated bias adjustments of ship SSTs using the Hadley Centre Nighttime Marine Air Temperature dataset version 2 (HadNMAT2); and buoy SST bias adjustment not previously made in v3b. Tests show that the impacts of the revisions to ship SST bias adjustment in ERSST.v4 are dominant among all revisions and updates. The effect is to make SST 0.1°–0.2°C cooler north of 30°S but 0.1°–0.2°C warmer south of 30°S in ERSST.v4 than in ERSST.v3b before 1940. In comparison with the Met Office SST product [the Hadley Centre Sea Surface Temperature dataset, version 3 (HadSST3)], the ship SST bias adjustment in ERSST.v4 is 0.1°–0.2°C cooler in the tropics but 0.1°–0.2°C warmer in the midlatitude oceans both before 1940 and from 1945 to 1970. Comparisons highlight differences in long-term SST trends and SSTA variations at decadal time scales among ERSST.v4, ERSST.v3b, HadSST3, and Centennial Observation-Based Estimates of SST version 2 (COBE-SST2), which is largely associated with the difference of bias adjustments in these SST products. The tests also show that, when compared with v3b, SSTAs in ERSST.v4 can substantially better represent the El Niño/La Niña behavior when observations are sparse before 1940. Comparisons indicate that SSTs in ERSST.v4 are as close to satellite-based observations as other similar SST analyses.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00006.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: American Meteorological Society
    Publikationsdatum: 2015
    ZDB Id: 246750-1
    ZDB Id: 2021723-7
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  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Bias Adjustment of AVHRR SST and Its Impacts on Two SST Analyses
    American Meteorological Society ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology Vol. 32, No. 2 ( 2015-02), p. 372-387
    Details
    In: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 32, No. 2 ( 2015-02), p. 372-387
    Kurzfassung: Sea surface temperature (SST) observations from satellite-based Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) instrument exhibit biases. Adjustments necessary for removing the AVHRR biases have been studied by progressive experiments. These experiments show that the biases are sensitive to various parameters, including the length of the input data window, the base-function empirical orthogonal teleconnections (EOTs), the ship–buoy SST adjustment, and a shift in grid system. The difference in bias adjustments due to these parameters can be as large as 0.3°–0.5°C in the tropical Pacific at the monthly time scale. The AVHRR bias adjustments were designed differently in the daily optimum interpolation SST (DOISST) and the Extended Reconstructed SST datasets that ingest AVHRR SSTs (ERSSTsat). The different AVHRR bias adjustments result in the differences in SST datasets in DOISST and ERSSTsat. Comparisons show that the SST difference between these two datasets results largely from the difference in the AVHRR bias adjustments and little from SST analysis methods in the Niño-3.4 region, as well as in the global oceans. For example, the average difference of the Niño-3.4 SSTs between DOISST and ERSSTsat is approximately 0.12°C due to the bias adjustments and is about 0.01°C due to the analysis methods. This study finds that the DOISST datasets can be improved by using the revised AVHRR bias adjustment of a wider input data window, updated EOTs, and a shifted grid system in DOISST. Improvements can also be made by including a ship–buoy SST adjustment, a zonal SST adjustment, or revised EOTs without damping in the high latitudes in ERSSTsat.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0739-0572 , 1520-0426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00121.1
    Sprache: Unbekannt
    Verlag: American Meteorological Society
    Publikationsdatum: 2015
    ZDB Id: 2021720-1
    ZDB Id: 48441-6
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature Version 4 (ERSST.v4): Part II. Parametric and Structural Uncertainty Estimations
    American Meteorological Society ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 28, No. 3 ( 2015-02-01), p. 931-951
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 28, No. 3 ( 2015-02-01), p. 931-951
    Kurzfassung: Described herein is the parametric and structural uncertainty quantification for the monthly Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) version 4 (v4). A Monte Carlo ensemble approach was adopted to characterize parametric uncertainty, because initial experiments indicate the existence of significant nonlinear interactions. Globally, the resulting ensemble exhibits a wider uncertainty range before 1900, as well as an uncertainty maximum around World War II. Changes at smaller spatial scales in many regions, or for important features such as Niño-3.4 variability, are found to be dominated by particular parameter choices. Substantial differences in parametric uncertainty estimates are found between ERSST.v4 and the independently derived Hadley Centre SST version 3 (HadSST3) product. The largest uncertainties are over the mid and high latitudes in ERSST.v4 but in the tropics in HadSST3. Overall, in comparison with HadSST3, ERSST.v4 has larger parametric uncertainties at smaller spatial and shorter time scales and smaller parametric uncertainties at longer time scales, which likely reflects the different sources of uncertainty quantified in the respective parametric analyses. ERSST.v4 exhibits a stronger globally averaged warming trend than HadSST3 during the period of 1910–2012, but with a smaller parametric uncertainty. These global-mean trend estimates and their uncertainties marginally overlap. Several additional SST datasets are used to infer the structural uncertainty inherent in SST estimates. For the global mean, the structural uncertainty, estimated as the spread between available SST products, is more often than not larger than the parametric uncertainty in ERSST.v4. Neither parametric nor structural uncertainties call into question that on the global-mean level and centennial time scale, SSTs have warmed notably.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00007.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: American Meteorological Society
    Publikationsdatum: 2015
    ZDB Id: 246750-1
    ZDB Id: 2021723-7
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
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