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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Calcium Supplementation, Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases, and Mortality: A Real-World Study of the Korean National Health Insurance Service Data
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 12 ( 2022-06-18), p. 2538-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 12 ( 2022-06-18), p. 2538-
    Abstract: Few studies have investigated the effects of calcium supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with low calcium intake in real-world settings. This study examined the association between calcium supplementation and cardiovascular outcomes in the Korean population in a real-world setting. This large retrospective cohort study included patients aged ≥45 years first prescribed calcium supplements in 2010. Age- and sex-matched controls were recruited among those who had no prescription for calcium supplements. Longitudinal data were collected on 31 December 2018. Kaplan–Meier estimation and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis were performed. The cumulative incidence of acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and death was significantly higher in the calcium supplementation group than in the control group (p 〈 0.05 by log-rank test). The calcium supplementation group had a significantly higher risk of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and death than the control group. Compared to the control group, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of the incidence of myocardial infarction, stroke, and death in the supplementation group were 1.14 (1.03–1.27), 1.12 (1.05–1.20), and 1.40 (1.32–1.50), respectively, after adjusting for confounding variables. Considering the associated cardiovascular risk, calcium supplementation for osteoporosis treatment should be administered cautiously.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14122538
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Lifestage Sex-Specific Genetic Effects on Metabolic Disorders in an Adult Population in Korea: The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 19 ( 2022-10-06), p. 11889-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 19 ( 2022-10-06), p. 11889-
    Abstract: Although many genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have evaluated the association with metabolic disorders, the current study is the first attempt to analyze the genetic risk factors for various metabolic disorders according to sex and age groups of the life course in Korean adults. A total population of 50,808 people were included in this GWAS. The genetic traits for eight metabolic phenotypes were investigated in peri-, and postmenopausal women compared to a younger group or men of corresponding age groups. The metabolic phenotypes include general obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypo-high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia, and metabolic syndrome. In the total participants, GWAS results for eight metabolic phenotypes found 101 significant loci. Of these, 15 loci were the first reported to be associated with the risk of metabolic disorder. Interestingly, some of the significant loci presented the association with the various phenotypes, which presented when there was a correlation between phenotypes. In addition, we analyzed divided by gender and age (young adult, peri-menopausal group, older adult), and specifically identified specific loci in peri-menopausal women. Meanwhile, several genetic factors associated with metabolic disorders were newly reported in our study. In particular, several genes were significantly associated with one of the metabolic phenotypes in only a single specific group. These findings suggest that menopausal transition rather than aging itself potentiates the influence of genetic risks on metabolic disorders. In addition, some genetic loci with low frequencies may play a role in the metabolic disturbances in a specific sex and age group. The genetic traits derived from our study may contribute to understanding the genetic risk factors for metabolic disorders in the Korean population.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911889
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Serum leptin level and incidence of CKD: a longitudinal study of adult enrolled in the Korean genome and epidemiology study(KoGES)
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  BMC Nephrology Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2022-12)
    Details
    In: BMC Nephrology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2022-12)
    Abstract: Chronic kidney disease(CKD) is a major public health issue and is highly prevalent in the general population. Leptin is an adipose tissue-derived endocrine factor that has been associated with several metabolic factors involved in cardiovascular diseases. Several studies have investigated the association between leptin and renal diseases so far. But the results are conflicting between the studies. The objective of our study was to verify the direct association of serum leptin level with CKD development. Methods This prospective cohort study included 2646 adult aged 40–70 without CKD in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study(KoGES) across South Korea from November 2005 to February 2012. The primary outcome was the development of CKD as defined by National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI). Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis was done to assess the independent associations, for with the incident of CKD as the dependent variable, in tertiles of leptin values. Results Among 1100 men and 1546 women with 2.8 mean years of follow-up, incidence of CKD was 18(1.63%) for men and 50(3.23%) for women. In the multivariate logistic regression models, individuals in the highest serum leptin tertile showed significant associations with risk of CKD after adjustment compared to the lowest tertiles in the population. The crude odds ratio for trend was 2.95( p  = 0.004) for men. After adjusting for age, baseline eGFR variables showed correlation with statistical significance (OR for trend = 2.25, p  = 0.037) for men. The same trends were also seen observed in all population and women also, but no statistical significance was found. Conclusions Higher plasma leptin levels are associated with the incidence of CKD, independent of traditional factors such as age, baseline eGFR. Our results suggest that leptin may partly explain part of the reported association between obesity and kidney disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1471-2369
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02795-7
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041348-8
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Longitudinal Observation of Muscle Mass over 10 Years According to Serum Calcium Levels and Calcium Intake among Korean Adults Aged 50 and Older: The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2020-09-18), p. 2856-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2020-09-18), p. 2856-
    Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the longitudinal change in muscle mass over 10 years according to serum calcium levels and calcium intake. A total of 1497 men and 1845 women aged 50 years and older were included. Significant muscle loss (SML) was defined as a 5% or greater loss from baseline, while time-dependent development of SML was assessed according to quartiles for corrected calcium level and daily calcium intake using Cox regression models. The incidence of SML was 6.7 and 7.7 per 100-person-years among men and women, respectively. Groups with the lowest corrected calcium levels had more prominent SML than those with higher calcium levels, regardless of sex. The relationship between SML and calcium intake was significant only among women. The hazard ratio for SML per 1 mmol/L increase in corrected calcium level was 0.236 and 0.237 for men and women, respectively. In conclusion, low serum calcium levels may predict SML among adults aged ≥ 50 years, while low calcium intake may be a predictor for muscle loss among women. Therefore, encouraging dietary calcium intake among middle-aged and older adults for preservation of muscle mass should be considered.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu12092856
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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