GLORIA

GEOMAR Library Ocean Research Information Access

X

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • University of California Press  (3)
  • Hoffman, Andrew J.  (3)
Material
Publisher
  • University of California Press  (3)
Person/Organisation
Language
Years
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Select but diverse countries are reducing both climate vulnerability and CO2 emissions
    University of California Press ; 2019
    In:  Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene Vol. 7 ( 2019-01-01)
    Details
    In: Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, University of California Press, Vol. 7 ( 2019-01-01)
    Abstract: Mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and adaptation to climate risk are two essential ingredients of climate change policy. Both are needed and co-benefits may exist. Yet, mitigation and adaptation are not usually pursued together. Part of remedying this shortcoming is understanding the relationship between GHG emissions and climate vulnerability reduction and recognizing when and where they trend together. Here, we compare changes in fossil fuel CO2 emissions per capita and in climate vulnerability scores over the past two decades in 179 countries. We use climate vulnerability scores from the well-established ND-GAIN Country Index, a composite metric constructed from thirty-six indicators covering three components of vulnerability (exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity). We find that 69% of the countries decreased climate vulnerability, while increasing their per capita fossil fuel CO2 emissions. These countries are successfully reducing climate vulnerability but are increasing their GHG emissions and thus failing in mitigation efforts. In contrast, 23% of the countries have been successful in simultaneously reducing per capita CO2 emissions and climate vulnerability. Furthermore, in highly vulnerable countries, increasing CO2 emissions are not correlated with decreasing climate vulnerability. These findings underscore that climate vulnerability reduction may be due only partly to economic development. This finding also changes our prevailing view that increases in CO2 emissions are associated with vulnerability reduction. Finally, examining mitigation and climate-vulnerability reduction by sector, we show that a majority of countries are able to reduce vulnerability in ecosystem services. Those countries and sectors with positive trends provide examples for others to follow, as solutions at the mitigation-climate vulnerability reduction interface are essential for sustainable economic development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2325-1026
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1525/elementa.342
    DOI: 10.1525/elementa.342.f1
    DOI: 10.1525/elementa.342.f2
    DOI: 10.1525/elementa.342.f3
    DOI: 10.1525/elementa.342.f4
    DOI: 10.1525/elementa.342.f5
    DOI: 10.1525/elementa.342.f6
    DOI: 10.1525/elementa.342.f7
    DOI: 10.1525/elementa.342.s1
    DOI: 10.1525/elementa.342.s2
    Language: English
    Publisher: University of California Press
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2745461-7
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Resilient by design: the case for increasing resilience of buildings and their linked food-energy-water systems
    University of California Press ; 2018
    In:  Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene Vol. 6 ( 2018-01-01)
    Details
    In: Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, University of California Press, Vol. 6 ( 2018-01-01)
    Abstract: The resilience of buildings and food, energy, and water systems (FEWS) to natural or manmade disruptions are closely linked. The resilience of a building goes beyond the safety of its structural elements and must include the resilience of its supporting systems and the services they supply. The resilience of FEWS, in turn, can increase through design elements of a building that affect generation and storage of FEW resources. In this commentary, I discuss increasing the resilience of buildings and their linked FEWS—improving their resistance, absorption, restoration, and adaptive capacities—through new integrated systems design practices. I begin with a discussion of the current state of building design at the FEW nexus. I then use the prior establishment and current use of sustainability design objectives as an analogue to developing and implementing resilience design objectives. I review progress and limitations of specific drivers for increasing resilient design practices, including economic incentives, regulations, extralegal programs and initiatives, and societal incentives. My recommendations for leveraging these drivers to increase resilient design include: for economic incentives, quantify the costs and benefits to make the business case for resilience; for formal regulations, specify increased building requirements with performance-based resilience objectives; for extralegal initiatves, integrate these resilience objectives with existing certification programs and award designs that address FEWS as an integrated network rather than as disparate systems; and for societal incentives, demonstrate public benefit to shift societal perceptions of resilience. Together, these actions will motivate the design of more resilient building and FEW systems to increase their longevity, performance, and robustness.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2325-1026
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1525/elementa.142
    Language: English
    Publisher: University of California Press
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2745461-7
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The risks of hydraulic fracturing and the responsibilities of engineers
    University of California Press ; 2017
    In:  Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene Vol. 5 ( 2017-01-01)
    Details
    In: Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, University of California Press, Vol. 5 ( 2017-01-01)
    Abstract: One third of U.S. natural gas is extracted by injecting fluid at high pressure into shale formations, a process associated with a number of possible hazards and risks that have become the subject of intense public controversy. We develop a three-part schema to make sense of risks of hydraulic fracturing and the responsibilities of engineers: the lab, the field, and the forum. In the lab, researchers seek to answer basic questions about, for example, the behavior of shale under particular conditions; there uncertainty seems to arise at every turn. In the field, engineers and others work to implement technological processes, such as hydraulic fracturing and the subsequent extraction of oil and gas; hazards may arise as natural and social systems respond in sometimes surprising ways. In the forum, the public and their representatives deliberate about risk and acceptable risk, questions that are framed in ethical as well as technical terms. The difficulty of characterizing – and in living up to – the responsibilities of engineers lie in part in the apparent distance between the lab and the forum. We examine in turn uncertainties in the lab, hazards in the field, and deliberation in the forum, leading to the conclusion that scientists and engineers can and should help to inform public deliberation but that their research cannot, on its own, resolve all controversies. Scientists and engineers who seek to inform deliberation should be mindful of the scope and limits of their authority, clear and modest in communicating research findings to the public, and careful to avoid even apparent conflicts of interest wherever possible. We close by drawing from the lab-field-forum schema to suggest a direction for pedagogical innovations aimed at the formation of responsible engineers in the context of college-level degree programs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2325-1026
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1525/elementa.218
    DOI: 10.1525/elementa.218.s1
    Language: English
    Publisher: University of California Press
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2745461-7
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...