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  • Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)  (4)
  • He, Jiang  (4)
  • Mills, Katherine  (4)
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  • Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)  (4)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Abstract P335: Salt Sensitivity and Incidence of Hypertension: The GenSalt Study
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2013
    In:  Circulation Vol. 127, No. suppl_12 ( 2013-03-26)
    Details
    In: Circulation, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 127, No. suppl_12 ( 2013-03-26)
    Abstract: It is well known that blood pressure (BP) responses to dietary sodium and potassium intakes vary among individuals (salt- and potassium-sensitivity). However, it is unknown whether salt- and/or potassium-sensitivity predict the risk of hypertension. We conducted a dietary sodium and potassium intervention study among 1,906 Han Chinese in 2003-05 and followed the study participants in 2008-09 and 2011-12. The dietary intervention included a 7-day low sodium-feeding (51.3 mmol/day), a 7-day high sodium-feeding (307.8 mmol/day), and a 7-day high sodium-feeding with an oral potassium supplementation (60 mmol/day). Three BP measurements were obtained on each of the last 3 days of each intervention period at the baseline and each of the 3 days of follow-up examinations. Systolic BP responses (mean ± SD) to dietary intervention were -5.5±7.0 for low-sodium, 4.9±6.0 for high-sodium, and -3.5±5.5 for potassium-supplementation. Over an average of 7.4 years of follow-up, we identified 455 incidence hypertension cases (systolic BP≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg and/or use of antihypertensive medication). The age-adjusted cumulative incidences of hypertension by the quartiles of systolic BP responses to dietary intervention were showed in the following table. These associations remained after adjustment for multiple covariates. These data indicate that BP responses to dietary sodium and potassium intervention are related to the subsequent risk of hypertension. Furthermore, our study suggests that individuals who are more sensitive to dietary sodium and potassium intake are at an increased risk for hypertension and should be target for dietary intervention.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-7322 , 1524-4539
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1161/circ.127.suppl_12.AP335
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466401-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reproducibility of Blood Pressure Responses to Dietary Sodium and Potassium Interventions : The GenSalt Study
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2013
    In:  Hypertension Vol. 62, No. 3 ( 2013-09), p. 499-505
    Details
    In: Hypertension, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 62, No. 3 ( 2013-09), p. 499-505
    Abstract: Blood pressure responses to dietary sodium and potassium interventions vary among individuals. We studied the long-term reproducibility of blood pressure responses to dietary sodium and potassium intake. We repeated the dietary sodium and potassium interventions among 487 Chinese adults 4.5 years after the original dietary intervention. The identical dietary intervention protocol, which included a 7-day low-sodium feeding (51.3 mmol/d), a 7-day high-sodium feeding (307.8 mmol/d), and a 7-day high-sodium feeding with oral potassium supplementation (60.0 mmol/d), was applied in both the initial and repeated studies. Three blood pressure measurements were obtained during each of the 3 days of baseline observation and on days 5, 6, and 7 of each intervention period. The results from the 24-hour urinary excretion of sodium and potassium showed excellent compliance with the study diet. Blood pressure responses to dietary intervention in the original and repeated studies were highly correlated. For example, the correlation coefficients (95% confidence interval) for systolic blood pressure levels were 0.77 (0.73–0.80) at baseline, 0.79 (0.75–0.82) during low sodium, 0.80 (0.77–0.83) during high sodium, and 0.82 (0.79–0.85) during high sodium and potassium supplementation interventions (all P 〈 0.0001). The correlation coefficients for systolic blood pressure changes were 0.37 (0.29–0.44) from baseline to low sodium, 0.37 (0.29–0.44) from low to high sodium, and 0.28 (0.20–0.36) from high sodium to high sodium plus potassium supplementation (all P 〈 0.0001). These data indicate that blood pressure responses to dietary sodium and potassium interventions have long-term reproducibility and stable characteristics in the general population.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0194-911X , 1524-4563
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.01034
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2094210-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Abstract P336: Blood Pressure Responses to Cold Pressor Test and Incidence of Hypertension: The GenSalt Study
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2013
    In:  Circulation Vol. 127, No. suppl_12 ( 2013-03-26)
    Details
    In: Circulation, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 127, No. suppl_12 ( 2013-03-26)
    Abstract: The cold pressor test (CPT), which measures the response of blood pressure (BP) to the stimulus of external cold, has long been a standard test to characterize sympathetic nervous system activity and has been documented to predict cardiovascular risk. We conducted a CPT among 1,998 Han Chinese in 2003-05 and followed the study participants in 2008-09 and 2011-12 for incidence of hypertension. CPT was conducted after the participant had remained sitting for 20 minutes. The participant immersed his or her left hand in the ice water bath (3°C to 5°C) for 1 minute and BP measurements at 0, 60, 120, and 240 seconds were obtained after the left hand had been removed from the ice water bath. During the follow-up examinations, 3 BP measurements were obtained on each of 3 clinical visits. The maximum and area-under-curve (AUC) of systolic BP responses (mean ± SD) to CPT were 13.9±10.2 and 17.1±22.9 at the baseline examination. Over an average of 7.4 years of follow-up, we identified 490 incidence hypertension cases (systolic BP≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg and/or use of antihypertensive medication). The age-adjusted cumulative incidences of hypertension by the quartiles of systolic BP responses to CPT were showed in the following table. These associations remained after adjustment for multiple covariates. Our study identified a strong and independent association between BP responses to CPT and subsequent incidence of hypertension. These data suggest that increased sympathetic nervous system activity may play a role in the development of hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-7322 , 1524-4539
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1161/circ.127.suppl_12.AP336
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466401-X
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Abstract P045: Association of Renal Function and Blood Pressure Reactivity to the Cold Pressor Test: the GenSalt Study
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2014
    In:  Circulation Vol. 129, No. suppl_1 ( 2014-03-25)
    Details
    In: Circulation, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 129, No. suppl_1 ( 2014-03-25)
    Abstract: Exaggerated blood pressure (BP) reactivity to the cold pressor test (CPT) has been associated with increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. We examined the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and BP reactivity to the CPT among the participants of the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Salt Sensitivity (GenSalt) study. We conducted the CPT among 1,961 GenSalt participants from north rural China. The average age of the participants (SD) was 39.9 (10.2) years, and 52.8% of the participants were male. BP was measured using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer prior to and at 0, 1, 2, and 4 minutes after the participants immersed their right hand in ice water for 1 minute. The maximum responses (SD) were 13.9 (10.2) and 7.8 (6.2) mm Hg for systolic and diastolic BP, respectively. Serum creatinine was measured and used to calculate eGFR using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula. The average eGFR (SD) was 87.7 (25.8)ml/min per 1.73m 2 . After adjusting for multiple covariates, including age, sex, body mass index, baseline BP, education, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and physical activity, eGFR was significantly associated with maximum systolic BP response to the CPT (P 〈 0.0001). A standard deviation decrease in eGFR was associated with a 1.2 mm Hg higher maximum systolic BP response to the CPT. In addition, we observed that the effect of eGFR on BP response to the CPT increased with age ( P for interaction 〈 0.0001). For example, a standard deviation decrease in eGFR was associated with a 0.6, 1.1, and 2.5 mm Hg greater maximum systolic BP response to the CPT for age groups 〈 35, 35-44, and ≥ 45 years, respectively. In conclusion, this large study suggests a relationship between decreased renal function and greater cardiovascular reactivity to stress. Further investigation is warranted to identify factors that mediate this relationship and potential adverse clinical consequences of cardiovascular hyperreactivity in subjects with reduced renal function.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-7322 , 1524-4539
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.p045
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466401-X
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