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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The American Association of Immunologists ; 2021
    In:  The Journal of Immunology Vol. 207, No. 8 ( 2021-10-15), p. 2155-2166
    In: The Journal of Immunology, The American Association of Immunologists, Vol. 207, No. 8 ( 2021-10-15), p. 2155-2166
    Abstract: Cytosolic DNA from pathogens activates the DNA sensor cyclic GMP–AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) that produces the second messenger, cGAMP. cGAMP triggers a signal cascade leading to type I IFN expression. Host DNA is normally restricted in the cellular compartments of the nucleus and mitochondria. Recent studies have shown that DNA virus infection triggers mitochondrial stress, leading to the release of mitochondrial DNA to the cytosol and activation of cGAS; however, the regulatory mechanism of mitochondrial DNA-mediated cGAS activation is not well elucidated. In this study, we analyzed cGAS protein interactome in mouse RAW264.7 macrophages and found that cGAS interacted with C1QBP. C1QBP predominantly localized in the mitochondria and leaked into the cytosol during DNA virus infection. The leaked C1QBP bound the NTase domain of cGAS and inhibited cGAS enzymatic activity in cells and in vitro. Overexpression of the cytosolic form of C1QBP inhibited cytosolic DNA-elicited innate immune responses and promoted HSV-1 infection. By contrast, deficiency of C1QBP led to the elevated innate immune responses and impaired HSV-1 infection. Taken together, our study suggests that C1QBP is a novel cGAS inhibitor hidden in the mitochondria.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1767 , 1550-6606
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: The American Association of Immunologists
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475085-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The American Association of Immunologists ; 2021
    In:  The Journal of Immunology Vol. 206, No. 1_Supplement ( 2021-05-01), p. 15.12-15.12
    In: The Journal of Immunology, The American Association of Immunologists, Vol. 206, No. 1_Supplement ( 2021-05-01), p. 15.12-15.12
    Abstract: Cytosolic DNA released from microbial pathogens triggers the activation of DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) which catalyzes the synthesis of the cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), a second messenger that triggers a signaling cascade leading to type I interferon (IFN) production. The cGAS cannot discriminate the origin and sequence of dsDNA; thus, it is also activated by self-DNA leaked from the nucleus or the mitochondria. Recent studies have shown that DNA virus infection triggers mitochondrial stress, leading to the release of mtDNA to the cytosol and activation of cGAS; however, the regulatory mechanism of the mtDNA-mediated cGAS activation is not well elucidated. To seek potential regulators for cGAS, we used proteomics to map the protein interactome of cGAS in macrophages and found C1QBP as a novel binding partner of cGAS. C1QBP is predominantly localized in the mitochondria matrix and leaked to the cytosol upon DNA virus infection. C1QBP binds to the NTase domain of cGAS and inhibits the cGAS activity in cells and in vitro. Overexpression of the cytosolic form of C1QBP inhibited the cytosolic DNA-induced immune response and facilitated HSV-1 infection. By contrast, deficiency of C1QBP leads to elevated innate immune responses and impaired HSV-1 infection. Taken together, our study suggests that C1QBP is a cGAS inhibitor hidden in the mitochondria.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1767 , 1550-6606
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: The American Association of Immunologists
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475085-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The American Association of Immunologists ; 2020
    In:  The Journal of Immunology Vol. 204, No. 1_Supplement ( 2020-05-01), p. 70.3-70.3
    In: The Journal of Immunology, The American Association of Immunologists, Vol. 204, No. 1_Supplement ( 2020-05-01), p. 70.3-70.3
    Abstract: Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is a cytosolic sensor for recognition of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and 5′ triphosphate RNA, which induces a robust production of type I interferon (IFN). Following RNA recognition, the caspase activation and recruitment domain (CARD) of RIG-I is released from the repressor domain and subsequently oligomerized to activate downstream signal cascades. Although these sequential steps for RIG-I activation are well established; however, the regulatory mechanism is not well elucidated. In this study, we found that the FAK family kinase-interacting protein of 200 kDa (FIP200) interacted with the CARD domain of RIG-I. Ectopic expression of FIP200 activated RIG-I. By contrast, knockout of FIP200 impaired RIG-I signaling, but not other innate immune signaling pathways, in fibroblasts and macrophages. In vivo study showed FIP200 knockout mice were more susceptible to VSV, but not HSV-1, infection due to the reduced innate immune responses, including type I IFN. Mechanistic analyses found that FIP200 promoted the release of the CARD by competing with the repressor domain of RIG-I. Furthermore, FIP200 formed dimers via its C-terminal tail, which facilitated RIG-I oligomerization and subsequent activation. Taken together, our study defines FIP200 as a new innate immune signaling molecule and facilities RIG-I activation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1767 , 1550-6606
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: The American Association of Immunologists
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475085-5
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  • 4
    In: Communications Biology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2021-07-29)
    Abstract: Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) senses viral RNA and instigates an innate immune signaling cascade to induce type I interferon expression. Currently, the regulatory mechanisms controlling RIG-I activation remain to be fully elucidated. Here we show that the FAK family kinase-interacting protein of 200 kDa (FIP200) facilitates RIG-I activation. FIP200 deficiency impaired RIG-I signaling and increased host susceptibility to RNA virus infection. In vivo studies further demonstrated FIP200 knockout mice were more susceptible to RNA virus infection due to the reduced innate immune response. Mechanistic studies revealed that FIP200 competed with the helicase domain of RIG-I for interaction with the two tandem caspase activation and recruitment domains (2CARD), thereby facilitating the release of 2CARD from the suppression status. Furthermore, FIP200 formed a dimer and facilitated 2CARD oligomerization, thereby promoting RIG-I activation. Taken together, our study defines FIP200 as an innate immune signaling molecule that positively regulates RIG-I activation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2399-3642
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2919698-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elsevier BV ; 2023
    In:  Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews ( 2023-9)
    In: Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, Elsevier BV, ( 2023-9)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1359-6101
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2025966-9
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Virology Vol. 92, No. 16 ( 2018-08-15)
    In: Journal of Virology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 92, No. 16 ( 2018-08-15)
    Abstract: Influenza A virus (IAV) is a highly transmissible respiratory pathogen and a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Nucleoprotein (NP) is an abundant IAV protein essential for multiple steps of the viral life cycle. Our recent proteomic study of the IAV-host interaction network found that TRIM41 (tripartite motif-containing 41), a ubiquitin E3 ligase, interacted with NP. However, the role of TRIM41 in IAV infection is unknown. Here, we report that TRIM41 interacts with NP through its SPRY domain. Furthermore, TRIM41 is constitutively expressed in lung epithelial cells, and overexpression of TRIM41 inhibits IAV infection. Conversely, RNA interference (RNAi) and knockout of TRIM41 increase host susceptibility to IAV infection. As a ubiquitin E3 ligase, TRIM41 ubiquitinates NP in vitro and in cells. The TRIM41 mutant lacking E3 ligase activity fails to inhibit IAV infection, suggesting that the E3 ligase activity is indispensable for TRIM41 antiviral function. Mechanistic analysis further revealed that the polyubiquitination leads to NP protein degradation and viral inhibition. Taking these observations together, TRIM41 is a constitutively expressed intrinsic IAV restriction factor that targets NP for ubiquitination and protein degradation. IMPORTANCE Influenza control strategies rely on annual immunization and require frequent updates of the vaccine, which is not always a foolproof process. Furthermore, the current antivirals are also losing effectiveness as new viral strains are often refractory to conventional treatments. Thus, there is an urgent need to find new antiviral mechanisms and develop therapeutic drugs based on these mechanisms. Targeting the virus-host interface is an emerging new strategy because host factors controlling viral replication activity will be ideal candidates, and cellular proteins are less likely to mutate under drug-mediated selective pressure. Here, we show that the ubiquitin E3 ligase TRIM41 is an intrinsic host restriction factor to IAV. TRIM41 directly binds the viral nucleoprotein and targets it for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thereby limiting viral infection. Exploitation of this natural defense pathway may open new avenues to develop antiviral drugs targeting the influenza virus.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-538X , 1098-5514
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495529-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elsevier BV ; 2021
    In:  SSRN Electronic Journal
    In: SSRN Electronic Journal, Elsevier BV
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1556-5068
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Pathogens Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2020-10-03), p. 812-
    In: Pathogens, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2020-10-03), p. 812-
    Abstract: Influenza A virus (IAV) is a segmented, negative single-stranded RNA virus that causes seasonal epidemics and has a potential for pandemics. Several viral proteins are not packed in the IAV viral particle and only expressed in the infected host cells. These proteins are named non-structural proteins (NSPs), including NS1, PB1-F2 and PA-X. They play a versatile role in the viral life cycle by modulating viral replication and transcription. More importantly, they also play a critical role in the evasion of the surveillance of host defense and viral pathogenicity by inducing apoptosis, perturbing innate immunity, and exacerbating inflammation. Here, we review the recent advances of these NSPs and how the new findings deepen our understanding of IAV–host interactions and viral pathogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-0817
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2695572-6
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2022
    In:  Cancer Research Vol. 82, No. 12_Supplement ( 2022-06-15), p. 2976-2976
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 82, No. 12_Supplement ( 2022-06-15), p. 2976-2976
    Abstract: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that instigates several signaling cascades, including NF-κB signaling pathway, to induce cell differentiation and proliferation. Overexpression and mutations of EGFR are found in up to 30% of solid tumors and correlate with a poor prognosis. Although it is known that EGFR-mediated NF-κB activation is involved in tumor development, the signaling axis is not well elucidated. Here, we found that plakophilin 2 (PKP2) and the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) were required for EGFR-mediated NF-κB activation. Upon EGF stimulation, EGFR recruited PKP2 to the plasma membrane, and PKP2 bridged HOIP, the catalytic E3 ubiquitin ligase in the LUBAC, to the EGFR complex. The recruitment activated the LUBAC complex and the linear ubiquitination of NEMO, leading to IκB phosphorylation and subsequent NF-κB activation. Furthermore, EGF-induced linear ubiquitination was critical for tumor cell proliferation and tumor development. Knockout of HOIP impaired EGF-induced NF-κB activity and reduced cell proliferation. HOIP knockout also abrogated the growth of A431 epidermal xenograft tumors in nude mice by more than 70%. More importantly, the HOIP inhibitor, HOIPIN-8, inhibited EGFR-mediated NF-κB activation and cell proliferation of A431, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. Overall, our study reveals a novel linear ubiquitination signaling axis of EGFR, and perturbation of HOIP E3 ubiquitin ligase activity is potential targeted cancer therapy. Citation Format: Fang Hua, Wenzhuo Hao, Lingyan Wang, Shitao Li. Associate Professor [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2976.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1538-7445
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036785-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1432-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410466-3
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Molecular Cell Biology Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2020-04-24), p. 163-175
    In: Journal of Molecular Cell Biology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2020-04-24), p. 163-175
    Abstract: NF-κB signaling regulates diverse processes such as cell death, inflammation, immunity, and cancer. The activity of NF-κB is controlled by methionine 1-linked linear polyubiquitin, which is assembled by the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2L3. Recent studies found that the deubiquitinase OTULIN breaks the linear ubiquitin chain, thus inhibiting NF-κB signaling. Despite the essential role of OTULIN in NF-κB signaling has been established, the regulatory mechanism for OTULIN is not well elucidated. To discover the potential regulators of OTULIN, we analyzed the OTULIN protein complex by proteomics and revealed several OTULIN-binding proteins, including LUBAC and tripartite motif-containing protein 32 (TRIM32). TRIM32 is known to activate NF-κB signaling, but the mechanism is not clear. Genetic complement experiments found that TRIM32 is upstream of OTULIN and TRIM32-mediated NF-κB activation is dependent on OTULIN. Mutagenesis of the E3 ligase domain showed that the E3 ligase activity is essential for TRIM32-mediated NF-κB activation. Further experiments found that TRIM32 conjugates polyubiquitin onto OTULIN and the polyubiquitin blocks the interaction between HOIP and OTULIN, thereby activating NF-κB signaling. Taken together, we report a novel regulatory mechanism by which TRIM32-mediated non-proteolytic ubiquitination of OTULIN impedes the access of OTULIN to the LUBAC and promotes NF-κB activation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1759-4685
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2500949-7
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