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  • MDPI AG  (7)
  • Han, Jichang  (7)
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  • MDPI AG  (7)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessment of Landslide Susceptibility Using Integrated Ensemble Fractal Dimension with Kernel Logistic Regression Model
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Entropy Vol. 21, No. 2 ( 2019-02-24), p. 218-
    Details
    In: Entropy, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 2 ( 2019-02-24), p. 218-
    Abstract: The main aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the performance of fractal dimension as input data in the landslide susceptibility mapping of the Baota District, Yan’an City, China. First, a total of 632 points, including 316 landslide points and 316 non-landslide points, were located in the landslide inventory map. All points were divided into two parts according to the ratio of 70%:30%, with 70% (442) of the points used as the training dataset to train the models, and the remaining, namely the validation dataset, applied for validation. Second, 13 predisposing factors, including slope aspect, slope angle, altitude, lithology, mean annual precipitation (MAP), distance to rivers, distance to faults, distance to roads, normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI), topographic wetness index (TWI), plan curvature, profile curvature, and terrain roughness index (TRI), were selected. Then, the original numerical data, box-counting dimension, and correlation dimension corresponding to each predisposing factor were calculated to generate the input data and build three classification models, namely the kernel logistic regression model (KLR), kernel logistic regression based on box-counting dimension model (KLRbox-counting), and the kernel logistic regression based on correlation dimension model (KLRcorrelation). Next, the statistical indexes and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were employed to evaluate the models’ performance. Finally, the KLRcorrelation model had the highest area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.8984 and 0.9224, obtained by the training and validation datasets, respectively, indicating that the fractal dimension can be used as the input data for landslide susceptibility mapping with a better effect.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1099-4300
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/e21020218
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2014734-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Application of Mineral Kaolinite for Environment Decontamination: A Review
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Catalysts Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2023-01-05), p. 123-
    Details
    In: Catalysts, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2023-01-05), p. 123-
    Abstract: Kaolinite clay mineral with a layered silicate structure is an abundant resource in China. Due to its advantages of excellent stability, high specific surface area and environmental friendliness, kaolinite is widely used in environment decontamination. By using kaolinite as a carrier, the photocatalytic technology in pure photocatalysts of poor activities, narrow spectral responses, and limited electron transport can be overcome, and the nano-Ag disinfectant’s limitation of the growth and aggregation of nanoparticles is released. Moreover, pure kaolinite used as an adsorbent shows poor surface hydroxyl activity and low cation exchange, leading to the poor adsorption selectivity and easy desorption of heavy metals. Current modification methods including heat treatment, acid modification, metal modification, inorganic salt modification, and organic modification are carried out to obtain better adsorption performance. This review systematically summarizes the application of kaolinite-based nanomaterials in environmental decontamination, such as photocatalytic pollutant degradation and disinfection, nano silver (Ag) disinfection, and heavy metal adsorption. In addition, applications on gas phase pollutant, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), capture and the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are also discussed. This study is the first comprehensive summary of the application of kaolinite in the environmental field. The review also illustrates the efficiency and mechanisms of coupling naturally/modified kaolinite with nanomaterials, and the limitation of the current use of kaolinite.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/catal13010123
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662126-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Growth and Physiological Responses of Chrysotila roscoffensis (Coccolithales) to Different Phosphorus Resources
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2022-12-02), p. 1860-
    Details
    In: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2022-12-02), p. 1860-
    Abstract: The growth and physiological process of microalgae interact with environmental nutrients. In the present study, we compared the growth and physiological characteristics of coccolithophore Chrysotila roscoffensis under the effects of phosphate at high and low concentrations, and of organic phosphorus of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and Na2-glycerophosphate (SG). The growth, photosynthesis, calcification, alkaline phosphatase activity, and inorganic nutrient absorption rate were comparatively studied. The results showed that the culture with a low concentration of initial phosphate (6 μM) had a lower growth rate than that with a high concentration (45 μM). However, a relatively similar maximum cell density could be achieved. Equimolar inorganic phosphorus supported a higher initial growth rate than organic phosphorus. ATP was better than SG at supporting higher growth rates, higher photosynthetic activity, and higher cell density. Cellular alkaline phosphatase (AP) responded rapidly to nutrient variations with sharp changes of activities, independent of the initial P resources. Cellular calcification was at a higher level in groups with lower growth rates. Phosphate in low concentration in the medium was not absorbed during the early growth period while that in high concentration was rapidly absorbed. Instead, phosphate in low concentration was rapidly absorbed in the late stationary phase. The absorption of nitrate was affected by the initial P resources as well. The DIN/DIP ratio in the water varied significantly during the growth periods. The results indicated that C. roscoffensis had flexible physiological strategies in utilizing varied phosphorus resources, and high cell density maintenance of C. roscoffensis may play roles in nutrient conditions in the water. This study may help to extend the understanding of nutrient utilization strategy in microalgae and to apply reference in the application of Chrysotila species in the removal of nutrient pollution.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-1312
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jmse10121860
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2738390-8
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Response of Cd Chemical Fractions to Moisture Conditions and Incubation Time in Arable Land Soil
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 14, No. 10 ( 2022-05-21), p. 6270-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 10 ( 2022-05-21), p. 6270-
    Abstract: Heavy metal pollution in soils is an issue of global concern, and many scholars have focused on Cadmium (Cd) because of its strong biological migration and toxicity. This study explored arable land soil, changes in external Cd contamination processes and its response to soil moisture conditions, and indoor simulation. After adding an external source of 5 mg/kg d.w., the distribution of soil Cd fractions content, EXC-Cd, CAB-Cd, FMO-Cd, OM-Cd, and RES-Cd, were continuously monitored under different water management regimes, and correlation analysis and regression equations were calculated. The results show that after external Cd entered arable land soils, the binging strength of pollutants and soil gradually increased with incubation time, and the distribution of Cd chemical forms was more stable under different water management regimes. The oversaturated water content promotes the transformation of EXC-Cd to other forms. The transformation of CAB-Cd fractions can be accelerated to other fractions by field capacity, and the active conversion period was 30–60 d. Not all Cd fractions correlated between each other, under the four water management regimes, but it seems that the reducibility of the soil environment was more conducive to external Cd fixation and stability. The response surface design method (RSM) was used to establish quantitative regimes between Cd fractions with incubation time and soil moisture, and the soil moisture content and incubation time had an obvious effect on FMO-Cd content, with R2 = 0.9542.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su14106270
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Potential Ecological Risk and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals and Metalloid in Soil around Xunyang Mining Areas
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 11, No. 18 ( 2019-09-04), p. 4828-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 18 ( 2019-09-04), p. 4828-
    Abstract: Xunyang is rich in various metal minerals and is one of the four major metal mining areas in Shaanxi province, China. To explore the effects of soil heavy metals and metalloid pollution on the environment and human health around the mining areas, four places—Donghecun (D), Gongguan (G), Qingtonggou (Q) and Nanshagou (N)—were selected as the sampling sites. Potential ecological risk (PER) and health risk assessment (HRA) models were used to analyze the environmental and health risks around the mining areas. The concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, Hg) and metalloid (As) in cultivated land in the vicinity of Xunyang mining areas indicated that, except for Cu, the remaining elements detected exceeded the threshold values at some sites. The geo-accumulation index (IGeo) revealed that soils in G and Q could be identified as being extremely contaminated. PER indicated that there was significantly high risk at G and Q for Hg. In N, Pb recorded the highest E r i , which also demonstrates a considerable pre-existing risk. HRA indicated that the hazard index (HI) for both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks was much higher among children than among adults, and the ingestion pathway contributed the greatest risk to human health, followed by the dermal pathway and inhalation. Because the HI values of the metals and metalloid in the study areas were all lower than 1, there was no significant non-carcinogenic risk. However, the carcinogenic risk for Cr is relatively higher, surpassing the tolerable values in G, Q, and N. This study analyzed the ecological risks and human health risks of heavy metals and metalloid in farmland soils near the sampling mining areas, and demonstrated the importance of environmental changes caused by land development in the mining industry.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su11184828
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of the Changes of Particle Surface Electric Field and Interaction Force on the Reclaimed Soil Aggregate Structural Stability under the Application of Different Soil Conditioners
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2023-07-14), p. 1866-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2023-07-14), p. 1866-
    Abstract: Aggregate stability is a key factor in the evaluation of soil structure and erosion resistance, which is largely influenced by soil electric field and particle interaction. However, there are few studies on how different organic and inorganic soil conditioners change the surface electric field and interaction force of reclaimed soil to improve the aggregate stability. Therefore, a five-year field experiment was conducted to quantitatively study the effects of FeSO4 (TM), organic fertilizer (TO), fly ash (TF), maturing agent + organic fertilizer (TMO) and fly ash + organic fertilizer (TFO), compared with control (CK) treatment, on the reclaimed soil internal force and the aggregate crushing strength. The results showed that the reclaimed soil surface potential and electric field intensity increased after 5 years of application of organic and inorganic soil conditioners. Under the same electrolyte concentration and electric field conditions, the crushing strength of aggregates ( 〈 5 μm) treated with TFO, TMO, TO, TF and TM decreased by 43.70%, 35.51%, 25.97%, 8.28% and 5.49%, respectively, compared with the control treatment, and the combination of organic and inorganic treatment (TFO and TMO) had a better effect on improving the aggregate crushing resistance. With the application of soil conditioners, the reclaimed soil DLVO force and net resultant force gradually decreased, and the order of magnitude was TFO 〈 TMO 〈 TO 〈 TF 〈 TM 〈 CK, indicating that the application of organic and inorganic soil conditioners enhanced the van der Waals attractive force and net attractive force between reclaimed soil particles, and reduced the net repulsive force between particles. The theoretical calculation results of the reclaimed soil internal force well explain the experimental results of aggregate stability against crushing, and the relationship between aggregate crushing strength and net resultant force is exponential (p 〈 0.01). Generally speaking, the soil conditioners increase the net attractive force between particles, reduce the possibility of violent crushing of aggregates due to the increase of electric field intensity and improve the aggregate structural stability, among which the combined application of organic and inorganic soil conditioners has a better improvement effect. The results of this study will lay a theoretical foundation for clarifying the improvement of different soil conditioners on the reclaimed soil structural stability and erosion resistance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy13071866
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Landslide Susceptibility Modeling Using Integrated Ensemble Weights of Evidence with Logistic Regression and Random Forest Models
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2019-01-04), p. 171-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2019-01-04), p. 171-
    Abstract: The main aim of this study was to compare the performances of the hybrid approaches of traditional bivariate weights of evidence (WoE) with multivariate logistic regression (WoE-LR) and machine learning-based random forest (WoE-RF) for landslide susceptibility mapping. The performance of the three landslide models was validated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC). The results showed that the areas under the curve obtained using the WoE, WoE-LR, and WoE-RF methods were 0.720, 0.773, and 0.802 for the training dataset, and were 0.695, 0.763, and 0.782 for the validation dataset, respectively. The results demonstrate the superiority of hybrid models and that the resultant maps would be useful for land use planning in landslide-prone areas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app9010171
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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