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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Climate sensitivity of tropical and subtropical marine low cloud amount to ENSO and global warming due to doubled CO 2
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2007
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 112, No. D17 ( 2007-09-12)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 112, No. D17 ( 2007-09-12)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2006JD008174
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2007
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094268-8
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of Forecasted Southeast Pacific Stratocumulus in the NCAR, GFDL, and ECMWF Models
    American Meteorological Society ; 2009
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 22, No. 11 ( 2009-06-01), p. 2871-2889
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 22, No. 11 ( 2009-06-01), p. 2871-2889
    Abstract: Forecasts of southeast Pacific stratocumulus at 20°S and 85°W during the East Pacific Investigation of Climate (EPIC) cruise of October 2001 are examined with the ECMWF model, the Atmospheric Model (AM) from GFDL, the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) from NCAR, and the CAM with a revised atmospheric boundary layer formulation from the University of Washington (CAM-UW). The forecasts are initialized from ECMWF analyses and each model is run for 3–5 days to determine the differences with the EPIC field observations. Observations during the EPIC cruise show a well-mixed boundary layer under a sharp inversion. The inversion height and the cloud layer have a strong and regular diurnal cycle. A key problem common to the models is that the planetary boundary layer (PBL) depth is too shallow when compared to EPIC observations. However, it is suggested that improved PBL depths are achieved with more physically realistic PBL schemes: at one end, CAM uses a dry and surface-driven PBL scheme and produces a very shallow PBL, while the ECWMF model uses an eddy-diffusivity/mass-flux approach and produces a deeper and better-mixed PBL. All the models produce a strong diurnal cycle in the liquid water path (LWP), but there are large differences in the amplitude and phase when compared to the EPIC observations. This, in turn, affects the radiative fluxes at the surface and the surface energy budget. This is particularly relevant for coupled simulations as this can lead to a large SST bias.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0442 , 0894-8755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2008JCLI2479.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Community Climate System Model Version 3 (CCSM3)
    American Meteorological Society ; 2006
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 19, No. 11 ( 2006-06-01), p. 2122-2143
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 19, No. 11 ( 2006-06-01), p. 2122-2143
    Abstract: The Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) has recently been developed and released to the climate community. CCSM3 is a coupled climate model with components representing the atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, and land surface connected by a flux coupler. CCSM3 is designed to produce realistic simulations over a wide range of spatial resolutions, enabling inexpensive simulations lasting several millennia or detailed studies of continental-scale dynamics, variability, and climate change. This paper will show results from the configuration used for climate-change simulations with a T85 grid for the atmosphere and land and a grid with approximately 1° resolution for the ocean and sea ice. The new system incorporates several significant improvements in the physical parameterizations. The enhancements in the model physics are designed to reduce or eliminate several systematic biases in the mean climate produced by previous editions of CCSM. These include new treatments of cloud processes, aerosol radiative forcing, land–atmosphere fluxes, ocean mixed layer processes, and sea ice dynamics. There are significant improvements in the sea ice thickness, polar radiation budgets, tropical sea surface temperatures, and cloud radiative effects. CCSM3 can produce stable climate simulations of millennial duration without ad hoc adjustments to the fluxes exchanged among the component models. Nonetheless, there are still systematic biases in the ocean–atmosphere fluxes in coastal regions west of continents, the spectrum of ENSO variability, the spatial distribution of precipitation in the tropical oceans, and continental precipitation and surface air temperatures. Work is under way to extend CCSM to a more accurate and comprehensive model of the earth's climate system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0442 , 0894-8755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI3761.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2006
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Dynamical Simulation of the NCAR Community Climate Model Version 3 (CCM3)*
    American Meteorological Society ; 1998
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 1998-06), p. 1207-1236
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 1998-06), p. 1207-1236
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011〈1207:TDSOTN〉2.0.CO;2
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 1998
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Hydrologic and Thermodynamic Characteristics of the NCAR CCM3*
    American Meteorological Society ; 1998
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 1998-06), p. 1179-1206
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 1998-06), p. 1179-1206
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011〈1179:THATCO〉2.0.CO;2
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 1998
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Diagnosing Cloud Feedbacks in General Circulation Models
    American Meteorological Society ; 2007
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 20, No. 11 ( 2007-06-01), p. 2602-2622
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 20, No. 11 ( 2007-06-01), p. 2602-2622
    Abstract: In this study, it is shown that the NCAR and GFDL GCMs exhibit a marked difference in climate sensitivity of clouds and radiative fluxes in response to doubled CO2 and ±2-K SST perturbations. The GFDL model predicted a substantial decrease in cloud amount and an increase in cloud condensate in the warmer climate, but produced a much weaker change in net cloud radiative forcing (CRF) than the NCAR model. Using a multiple linear regression (MLR) method, the full-sky radiative flux change at the top of the atmosphere was successfully decomposed into individual components associated with the clear sky and different types of clouds. The authors specifically examined the cloud feedbacks due to the cloud amount and cloud condensate changes involving low, mid-, and high clouds between 60°S and 60°N. It was found that the NCAR and GFDL models predicted the same sign of individual longwave and shortwave feedbacks resulting from the change in cloud amount and cloud condensate for all three types of clouds (low, mid, and high) despite the different cloud and radiation schemes used in the models. However, since the individual longwave and shortwave feedbacks resulting from the change in cloud amount and cloud condensate generally have the opposite signs, the net cloud feedback is a subtle residual of all. Strong cancellations between individual cloud feedbacks may result in a weak net cloud feedback. This result is consistent with the findings of the previous studies, which used different approaches to diagnose cloud feedbacks. This study indicates that the proposed MLR approach provides an easy way to efficiently expose the similarity and discrepancy of individual cloud feedback processes between GCMs, which are hidden in the total cloud feedback measured by CRF. Most importantly, this method has the potential to be applied to satellite measurements. Thus, it may serve as a reliable and efficient method to investigate cloud feedback mechanisms on short-term scales by comparing simulations with available observations, which may provide a useful way to identify the cause for the wide spread of cloud feedbacks in GCMs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0442 , 0894-8755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI4140.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Climate sensitivity of the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM2) to horizontal resolution
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 1995
    In:  Climate Dynamics Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 1995-9), p. 377-397
    Details
    In: Climate Dynamics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 1995-9), p. 377-397
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0930-7575 , 1432-0894
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/BF00209513
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 1995
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 382992-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1471747-5
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    On Using Global Climate Model Simulations to Assess the Accuracy of MSU Retrieval Methods for Tropospheric Warming Trends
    American Meteorological Society ; 2005
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 18, No. 14 ( 2005-07-15), p. 2533-2539
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 18, No. 14 ( 2005-07-15), p. 2533-2539
    Abstract: Climate model simulations of the latter part of the twentieth century indicate a warming of the troposphere that is equal to or larger than the warming at the surface, while satellite observations from the Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) indicate little warming of the troposphere relative to surface observations. Recently, Fu et al. proposed a new approach to retrieving free tropospheric temperature trends from MSU data that better accounts for stratospheric cooling, which contaminates the tropospheric signal and leads to a smaller trend in tropospheric warming. In this study, climate model simulations are used as a self-consistent dataset to test these retrieval algorithms. The two methods of retrieving tropospheric temperature trends are applied to three climate model simulations of the twentieth century. The Fu et al. algorithm is found to be in very good agreement with the model-simulated tropospheric warming, indicating that it accurately accounts for cooling from the lower stratosphere.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0442 , 0894-8755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI3492.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Climate Sensitivity of the Community Climate System Model Version 3 (CCSM3)
    American Meteorological Society ; 2006
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 19, No. 11 ( 2006-06-01), p. 2584-2596
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 19, No. 11 ( 2006-06-01), p. 2584-2596
    Abstract: The climate sensitivity of the Community Climate System Model (CCSM) is described in terms of the equilibrium change in surface temperature due to a doubling of carbon dioxide in a slab ocean version of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) and the transient climate response, which is the surface temperature change at the point of doubling of carbon dioxide in a 1% yr−1 CO2 simulation with the fully coupled CCSM. For a fixed atmospheric horizontal resolution across model versions, we show that the equilibrium sensitivity has monotonically increased across CSM1.4, CCSM2, to CCSM3 from 2.01° to 2.27° to 2.47°C, respectively. The transient climate response for these versions is 1.44° to 1.09° to 1.48°C, respectively. Using climate feedback analysis, it is shown that both clear-sky and cloudy-sky processes have contributed to the changes in transient climate response. The dependence of these sensitivities on horizontal resolution is also explored. The equilibrium sensitivity of the high-resolution (T85) version of CCSM3 is 2.71°C, while the equilibrium response for the low-resolution model (T31) is 2.32°C. It is shown that the shortwave cloud response of the high-resolution version of the CCSM3 is anomalous compared to the low- and moderate-resolution versions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0442 , 0894-8755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI3747.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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