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  • MDPI AG  (37)
  • Guo, Wei  (37)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of Bacillus Additives on Fermentation Quality and Bacterial Community during the Ensiling Process of Whole-Plant Corn Silage
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Processes Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2022-05-13), p. 978-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2022-05-13), p. 978-
    Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a complex Bacillus subtilis additive on the fermentation quality and bacterial community during the ensiling process of whole-plant corn silage (WPCS). The pH values of WPCS treated with the B. subtilis inoculant decreased faster than those of the control without inoculant, and significantly higher contents of lactic acid (LA) and acetic acid (AA) were observed. After 45 days of ensiling, the LA contents reached 7.95% (w/w). In the treatment group, the neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents decreased significantly compared to the control, and the degradation rates of the NDF and ADF were 26.52% and 27.34% after 45 days, respectively. The deoxynivalenol (DON) content in the treatment group decreased to 205.67 μg/kg, which was significantly lower than the content of 382.51 μg/kg in the control group. The results indicated the positive effect of the B. subtilis inoculant in improving WPCS fermentation, especially in terms of degrading linocellulose and removing DON. The analysis of the bacterial community indicated that the B. subtilis inoculant resulted in an increased abundance of Lactobacillus, which contributed to the enhancement of LA production. The increased abundance of Bacillus possibly played a role in the degradation of NDF and ADF and the reduction in DON. Therefore, the complex B. subtilis additive could be used for the production of high-quality WPCS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr10050978
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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  • 2
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    Characteristics of Ozone Pollution and the Impacts of Related Meteorological Factors in Shanxi Province, China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Atmosphere Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2022-10-20), p. 1729-
    Details
    In: Atmosphere, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2022-10-20), p. 1729-
    Abstract: Based on environmental monitoring data and meteorological observation data of the Chinese major energy province, Shanxi, from 2015 to 2020, using the satellite remote sensing data of Atmospheric Infrared Sounder Instrument (AIRS) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) in 2017, we analyzed the characteristics of surface ozone (O3) pollution and its correlation with meteorological factors, as well as the vertical distribution of O3 in typical pollution cities in Shanxi Province. The results showed that surface O3 became the primary pollutant in Shanxi. Surface O3 has shown a zonal distribution with a high level in the south and a low level in the north region since 2017. Surface O3 pollution was severe in 2019, and the maximum daily 8 h running average of O3 (MDA8 O3) decreased, but annual mean O3 in northern and central regions showed a slow rising trend in 2020. Comprehensive analyses of the influence of meteorological factors on surface O3 indicated that O3 pollution in Linfen, Yuncheng and Taiyuan was mainly caused by local photochemical reactions, while that in Jincheng, Xinzhou, Lvliang and Yangquan resulted from regional transports. O3 volume mixing ratios (VMR) in the middle and lower troposphere generally increased with altitude, peaking at 120 ppbv at approximately 400 hPa. The positive vertical gradient of O3 in the boundary layer was obvious in Taiyuan in summer and significant in the surface layer in Taiyuan and Linfen during winter and spring, which was associated with greater atmospheric dynamic stability and suppressed vertical mixing. Due to the lack of direct detection of O3 in the lower troposphere in this region, O3 vertical distribution retrieved by satellite observation is critical for the study of vertical mixing and transport of local O3, as well as its regional transport characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4433
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/atmos13101729
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2605928-9
    SSG: 23
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  • 3
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    Efficient Carrier Recombination in InGaN Pyramidal µ-LEDs Obtained through Selective Area Growth
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Photonics Vol. 8, No. 5 ( 2021-05-10), p. 157-
    Details
    In: Photonics, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 5 ( 2021-05-10), p. 157-
    Abstract: Pyramid-shaped InGaN/GaN micro-light-emitting diodes (μ-LEDs) were grown on a sapphire substrate using the selective area growth technique. A stable emission wavelength of a single μ-LED pyramid at 412 nm was observed under an injection current from 0.05 to 20 mA, despite the non-uniformity of the thickness and composition of the multiple quantum wells (MQWs) on the sidewall. An efficient carrier confinement and, thus, a high luminescence intensity were demonstrated in the middle of the sidewall through spatial-resolved cathodoluminescence (CL) characterization and were predicted by theoretical simulations. An ultra-high output power density of 1.37 kW/cm2 was obtained from the single μ-LED pyramid, illustrating its great potential for application in high-brightness micro-displays and in virtual reality and augmented reality (VR and AR) applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-6732
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/photonics8050157
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2770002-1
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  • 4
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    Temperature-Dependent Optical Behaviors and Demonstration of Carrier Localization in Polar and Semipolar AlGaN Multiple Quantum Wells
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Crystals Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2023-07-08), p. 1076-
    Details
    In: Crystals, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2023-07-08), p. 1076-
    Abstract: Semipolar AlGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) have unique advantages in deep ultraviolet light emitters due to the weak Quantum-Confined Stark Effect. However, their applications are hampered by the poor crystalline quality of semipolar AlGaN thin films. Different treatments were developed to improve the crystal quality of semipolar AlGaN, including a multistep in situ thermal annealing technique proposed by our group. In this work, temperature-dependent and time-resolved photoluminescence characterizations were performed to reveal the carrier localization in the MQW region. The degree of carrier localization in semipolar AlGaN MQWs grown on top of the in situ-annealed AlN is similar to that of conventional ex situ face-to-face annealing, both of which are significantly stronger than that of the c-plane counterpart. Moreover, MQWs on in situ-annealed AlN show drastically reduced dislocation densities, demonstrating its great potential for the future development of high-efficiency optoelectronic devices.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4352
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cryst13071076
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661516-2
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  • 5
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    Overexpression of the Wild Soybean R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor GsMYB15 Enhances Resistance to Salt Stress and Helicoverpa Armigera in Transgenic Arabidopsis
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 19, No. 12 ( 2018-12-09), p. 3958-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 12 ( 2018-12-09), p. 3958-
    Abstract: Plant R2R3-MYB transcription factors (TFs) have been suggested to play crucial roles in the response to diverse abiotic and biotic stress factors but there is little molecular evidence of this role in soybean plants. In this work, we identified and functionally characterized an R2R3-MYB TF, namely, GsMYB15, from the wild soybean ED059. Protein and promoter sequence analysis indicated that GsMYB15 is a typical R2R3-MYB TF and contains multiple stress-related cis-elements in the promoter region. GsMYB15 is located in the nucleus and exhibits transcriptional activation activity. QPCR assays suggested that the expression of GsMYB15 could be induced by NaCl, insect attacks and defense-related hormones (MeJA and SA). Furthermore, GsMYB15 exhibited highest expression in pods compared to other tissues. Functional analysis of GsMYB15 demonstrated that overexpression of GsMYB15 could increase salt tolerance and enhance the resistance to H. armigera larvae in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Moreover, overexpression of GsMYB15 also affected the expression levels of salt stress- and defense-related genes in the transgenic plants. Feeding with transgenic Arabidopsis plant leaves could significantly suppress the expression levels of immunity-related genes in H. armigera larvae. Overexpression of GsMYB15 also increased mesophyll cell levels in transgenic plants. Taken together, these results provide evidence that GsMYB15 is a positive regulator of salt stress tolerance and insect resistance in transformed Arabidopsis plants.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123958
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    Effects of Open-Skill Exercises on Cognition on Community Dwelling Older Adults: Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Brain Sciences Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2021-05-10), p. 609-
    Details
    In: Brain Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2021-05-10), p. 609-
    Abstract: (1) Cognitive function may benefit from physical exercise in older adults. However, controversy remains over which mode of exercise is more beneficial. (2) The aim of the proposed study is to investigate the effect of open-skill exercise training on cognitive function in community dwelling older adults compared with closed-skill exercise, cognitive training, and active control. (3) One hundred and sixty participants, aged between 60 and 80 years old, will be recruited from community senior centers in Yangzhou, China and randomly assigned to one of four groups: open-skill exercise group, closed-skill exercise group, mobile game playing group, and active control group. All participants will join a 24-week program involving 50 min sessions three times a week. The primary outcome measure is visuospatial working memory. Secondary measures include subjective memory complaint, attention network, nonverbal reasoning ability, and physical activities. All participants will be measured before, mid-way, and immediately after intervention, and three months later. (4) If successful, this study is expected to provide evidence-based recommendations for older adults to select the most efficient and effective mode of exercise to improve cognitive function. Importantly, the three intervention groups provide an opportunity to separate the cognitive activity component from the physical activity component. Comparison of these components is expected to help elucidate possible mechanisms contributing to the additional cognitive benefit of open-skill exercises.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050609
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651993-8
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  • 7
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    Effects of Reclaimed Water Irrigation on Microbial Diversity and Composition of Soil with Reducing Nitrogen Fertilization
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Water Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2018-03-23), p. 365-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2018-03-23), p. 365-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w10040365
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 8
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    Generalized Type-2 Fuzzy Control for Type-I Diabetes: Analytical Robust System
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Mathematics Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2022-02-23), p. 690-
    Details
    In: Mathematics, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2022-02-23), p. 690-
    Abstract: The insulin injection rate in type-I diabetic patients is a complex control problem. The mathematical dynamics for the insulin/glucose metabolism can be different for various patients who undertake different activities, have different lifestyles, and have other illnesses. In this study, a robust regulation system on the basis of generalized type-2 (GT2) fuzzy-logic systems (FLSs) is designed for the regulation of the blood glucose level. Unlike previous studies, the dynamics of glucose–insulin are unknown under high levels of uncertainty. The insulin-glucose metabolism has been identified online by GT2-FLSs, considering the stability criteria. The learning scheme was designed based on the Lyapunov approach. In other words, the GT2-FLSs are learned using adaptation rules that are concluded from the stability theorem. The effect of the dynamic estimation error and other perturbations, such as patient activeness, were eliminated through the designed adaptive fuzzy compensator. The adaptation laws for control parameters, GT2-FLS rule parameters, and the designed compensator were obtained by using the Lyapunov stability theorem. The feasibility and accuracy of the designed control scheme was examined on a modified Bergman model of some patients under different conditions. The simulation results confirm that the suggested controller has excellent performance under various conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-7390
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/math10050690
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704244-3
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  • 9
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    Design and Optimization of Multipoint Sampler for Seafloor Sediment Carried by a Deep-Sea Landing Vehicle
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2022-12-07), p. 1937-
    Details
    In: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2022-12-07), p. 1937-
    Abstract: The present study proposes a low-energy consumption multipoint sampler carried by a deep-sea landing vehicle (DSLV) to meet the requirements of time series sampling in local areas and location series sampling in wide areas, and an optimization method of sampling structure based on least-squares support-vector machine (LSSVM) surrogate model and a multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm. First, the overall structure and core components, such as the multipoint sampler’s sampling structure, were designed. The optimization variables were the cone angle, sampling tube inner diameter, and sampling tube inner hole length, which were determined by considering the force with which the sampling structure penetrates the seafloor sediment. Then, the sampling process was simulated by the finite element method-smoothed particle hydrodynamics (FEM-SPH) method, while the accurate LSSVM model of force required for sampling and sampling tube volume was established. Finally, the MOPSO algorithm was used for multi-objective optimization of model parameters of sampling structure. The optimal model of sampling structure that can provide theoretical support for the optimal design of multipoint sampler effectively reduces energy consumption and improves sampling efficiency by force required for sampling 25.89% lower and sampling tube volume 34.81% higher than the original model.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-1312
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jmse10121937
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2738390-8
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  • 10
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    Laser Shock Peening of Ti6Al4V Alloy with Combined Nanosecond and Femtosecond Laser Pulses
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Metals Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2021-12-23), p. 26-
    Details
    In: Metals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2021-12-23), p. 26-
    Abstract: Laser shock peening (LSP) with nanosecond or femtosecond laser pulses is applied to improve the mechanical properties of metallic materials. Thus, it is necessary to compare the effects of different processing methods on microstructure changes and property improvement. In this study, nanosecond LSP (NLSP), femtosecond LSP (FLSP), and LSP with combined nanosecond and femtosecond laser pulses (F-NLSP) are conducted on Ti6Al4V alloys to compare the surface morphologies, in-depth microstructures, and nanohardness changes. In FLSP, the peened surface is smooth, and the affected depth is limited near the peened surface. NLSPed and F-NLSPed samples present rough surfaces due to the severe ablation process. Small equiaxed grains with no preferred grain orientation are denser in F-NLSPed samples than that in NLSPed samples. Compared with NLSPed samples, the affected depth and amplitude of in-depth nanohardness are larger in F-NLSPed samples. This is attributed to the increased laser absorption of incident laser on the treated surface by femtosecond laser pulses. The results in this study show the effects of different LSP methods and provide chances in engineering potentials for material property improvements.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4701
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/met12010026
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662252-X
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