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  • European Respiratory Society (ERS)  (10)
  • Godard, P  (10)
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  • European Respiratory Society (ERS)  (10)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Drugs that may injure the respiratory system
    European Respiratory Society (ERS) ; 1997
    In:  European Respiratory Journal Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 1997-02-01), p. 265-279
    Details
    In: European Respiratory Journal, European Respiratory Society (ERS), Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 1997-02-01), p. 265-279
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0903-1936 , 1399-3003
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1183/09031936.97.10020265
    Language: English
    Publisher: European Respiratory Society (ERS)
    Publication Date: 1997
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2834928-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1499101-9
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Approaches to the diagnosis of viral pneumonias in the immunocompromised host: the importance of assaying cytopathogenic viral effects in bronchoalveolar lavage cells
    European Respiratory Society (ERS) ; 1988
    In:  European Respiratory Journal Vol. 1, No. 6 ( 1988-06-01), p. 553-557
    Details
    In: European Respiratory Journal, European Respiratory Society (ERS), Vol. 1, No. 6 ( 1988-06-01), p. 553-557
    Abstract: Pneumonopathic conditions in the immunocompromised host (IH) are frequent and often serious. Rapid diagnosis is essential and is made possible by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Sixty-two pneumonopathic episodes in 53 immunocompromised patients were examined by BAL, for viral cytopathogenic effects (CPE) in isolated cells, with appropriate viral culture techniques. Viral culture was positive in seventeen of the eighteen episodes in renal allograft recipients and AIDS patients as against eight of the fourty-four episodes in other causes of IH (p less than 0.001). CPE was found thirteen times; in seven cases it was characteristic of cytomegalovirus. Positive viral culture and CPE were shown simultaneously during thirteen episodes in eleven patients. Ten patients died (autopsies performed in three cases confirmed viral presence). Positive viral culture with absence of CPE was observed in twelve cases. There were only four fatalities in this group (the autopsies performed in three cases did not establish the presence of a virus in the pulmonary parenchyma). The percentage of lymphocytes was high in both groups of patients (18.6 +/- 2.8%). CPE is a simple and rapid examination for the diagnosis of viral pneumonopathology in the IH. Prognosis at present is gloomy; more complex examinations such as viral cultures and/or identification of the virus by immunofluorescence will be indicated only when effective antiviral agents become available.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0903-1936 , 1399-3003
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1183/09031936.93.01060553
    Language: English
    Publisher: European Respiratory Society (ERS)
    Publication Date: 1988
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2834928-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1499101-9
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Superoxide anion production by monocytes of corticosteroid-treated asthmatic patients
    European Respiratory Society (ERS) ; 1998
    In:  European Respiratory Journal Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 1998-01-01), p. 133-138
    Details
    In: European Respiratory Journal, European Respiratory Society (ERS), Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 1998-01-01), p. 133-138
    Abstract: Reactive oxygen species play an important role in promoting inflammation. Blood monocytes have been described to release higher amounts of superoxide anion in uncontrolled and untreated asthmatics. Corticosteroids are widely used in asthma, but little is known about their molecular mechanism of action. The aim of our study was to analyse the ex vivo effect of corticosteroid treatments on superoxide anion release by blood monocytes. Superoxide anion release was measured by a spectrophotometric method based on the superoxide dismutase (SOD) -inhibitable reduction of ferricytochrome C by blood monocytes from untreated patients and asthmatics treated with i.v., inhaled and oral corticosteroids. Monocytes from uncontrolled and untreated asthmatics, released high amounts of superoxide anions. After short-term treatment with i.v., corticosteroids, this release was found to decrease significantly (1.410 versus 0.340 nM, p 〈 0.05). Cells from asthmatics who had undergone long-term treatment with inhaled or oral steroids presented low amounts of superoxide anion production, with a significant difference as compared to untreated asthmatics (0.375 nM p 〈 0.01 and 0.620 nM p 〈 0.02 respectively). In general, patients with controlled asthma (treated with short-term oral steroids, or with long-term inhaled steroids) released lesser amounts of superoxide anion than uncontrolled and untreated asthmatics. In the case of steroid-dependent asthmatics there was no difference between patients with a controlled or uncontrolled disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0903-1936 , 1399-3003
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1183/09031936.98.11010133
    Language: English
    Publisher: European Respiratory Society (ERS)
    Publication Date: 1998
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2834928-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1499101-9
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Diffuse pulmonary calcinosis without calcium metabolism abnormalities in a renal transplant recipient
    European Respiratory Society (ERS) ; 1997
    In:  European Respiratory Journal Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 1997-04-01), p. 958-960
    Details
    In: European Respiratory Journal, European Respiratory Society (ERS), Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 1997-04-01), p. 958-960
    Abstract: Eighteen years after an uneventful renal transplantation, the chest radiograph of an asymptomatic 50 year old man showed diffuse bilateral infiltrations, predominately at the right apex. Computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated a diffuse alveolar pattern, the alveoli being filled with a very dense material, with some tracheal calcifications. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis was normal, but bronchial and transbronchial biopsies revealed calcium deposits in the bronchial mucosa and in the alveolar septa. The diagnosis of diffuse pulmonary calcinosis was established, despite normal blood calcium, phosphorus and magnesium levels, based upon computed tomography scan and pathological findings at fibreoptic bronchoscopy, without the need for an open lung biopsy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0903-1936 , 1399-3003
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1183/09031936.97.10040958
    Language: English
    Publisher: European Respiratory Society (ERS)
    Publication Date: 1997
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2834928-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1499101-9
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Enhancement of reactive oxygen species formation in stable and unstable asthmatic patients
    European Respiratory Society (ERS) ; 1994
    In:  European Respiratory Journal Vol. 7, No. 9 ( 1994-09-01), p. 1585-1592
    Details
    In: European Respiratory Journal, European Respiratory Society (ERS), Vol. 7, No. 9 ( 1994-09-01), p. 1585-1592
    Abstract: There is increasing evidence to suggest that human blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and monocytes play an important role in the inflammatory processes of asthma. In asthmatic patients, PMNs and monocytes were shown to be activated more than in healthy subjects. We investigated the capacity of these two cell populations to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in stable and unstable asthmatic patients. The two populations of asthmatic patients were identified by asthma activity, as expressed by clinical events occurring within 2 weeks prior to the study. Oxygen species formation was analysed for isolated purified PMNs and monocytes (Mos) by chemiluminescence (CL) using lucigenin and luminol as luminescent probes. CL was determined on nonstimulated and on phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated cells. The stimulatability coefficient (PMA-stimulated/nonstimulated cell ratio) of each cell population was then calculated. Resting PMNs and Mos generated significantly greater amounts of ROS in stable asthmatic patients, and much more in unstable asthmatic patients, as compared to healthy subjects, both in lucigenin and luminol enhanced CL. Non O2.- ROS production from PMA-stimulated PMNs and Mos was identical in unstable asthmatic patients and in healthy subjects, whereas a significant decrease was observed in stable asthmatic patients, as assessed by luminol enhanced CL. PMA-stimulated cells showed no difference in O2.- generation, as assessed by lucigenin enhanced CL. However, the stimulatability coefficient of all asthmatic patients was always significantly lower than that of healthy subjects. These results suggest that there are differences in priming and stimulation of Ros production from PMNs and Mos between stable and unstable asthmatic patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0903-1936 , 1399-3003
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1183/09031936.94.07091585
    Language: English
    Publisher: European Respiratory Society (ERS)
    Publication Date: 1994
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2834928-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1499101-9
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessment of airway inflammation in asthmatic patients by visual endoscopic scoring systems
    European Respiratory Society (ERS) ; 1993
    In:  European Respiratory Journal Vol. 6, No. 8 ( 1993-09-01), p. 1116-1121
    Details
    In: European Respiratory Journal, European Respiratory Society (ERS), Vol. 6, No. 8 ( 1993-09-01), p. 1116-1121
    Abstract: Inflammation is a hallmark of bronchial asthma. Inflammatory cells both in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and bronchial biopsies of asthmatic patients have been studied and correlated with functional or clinical parameters. We have recently attempted to assess airway inflammation by a visual endoscopic scoring system. The purpose of this study was to compare our own endoscopic scoring system with the bronchitis index previously described by Thompson and coworkers, and to determine whether these scores were correlated with clinical or functional parameters. Sixty asthmatics of variable severity (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 33-117% of predicted values) and 30 healthy volunteers were studied. The clinical severity of asthma was assessed by the clinical score as described by Aas in all of the patients, and in the last 15 patients by a daily symptom score. Beta 2-agonist consumption was recorded daily during a period of 7 days before the endoscopic procedure. During this period, circadian variation and day-to-day variation of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were determined. During bronchoscopy, airway inflammation was assessed by two independent observers, prior to BAL, by visual inspection of each lobe and the lingula, and the results were quantitated using the bronchitis index and our endoscopic scoring system. Both endoscopic scores were significantly higher in asthmatics than in controls. A significant correlation was observed between the two endoscopic scores both in asthmatics and in controls. In asthmatics, a weak but significant correlation was found between both endoscopic scores and the daily symptom score, as well as the beta 2-agonist consumption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0903-1936 , 1399-3003
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1183/09031936.93.06081116
    Language: English
    Publisher: European Respiratory Society (ERS)
    Publication Date: 1993
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2834928-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1499101-9
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Clinical guidelines and indications for bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL): bronchial asthma
    European Respiratory Society (ERS) ; 1990
    In:  European Respiratory Journal Vol. 3, No. 8 ( 1990-09-01), p. 958-959
    Details
    In: European Respiratory Journal, European Respiratory Society (ERS), Vol. 3, No. 8 ( 1990-09-01), p. 958-959
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0903-1936 , 1399-3003
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1183/09031936.93.03080958
    Language: English
    Publisher: European Respiratory Society (ERS)
    Publication Date: 1990
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2834928-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1499101-9
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Increased generation of the arachidonic metabolites LTB4 and 5-HETE by human alveolar macrophages in patients with asthma: effect in vitro of nedocromil sodium
    European Respiratory Society (ERS) ; 1989
    In:  European Respiratory Journal Vol. 2, No. 3 ( 1989-03-01), p. 202-209
    Details
    In: European Respiratory Journal, European Respiratory Society (ERS), Vol. 2, No. 3 ( 1989-03-01), p. 202-209
    Abstract: Alveolar macrophages (AM) are the principal resident phagocytes in the human lung, and play a major role in local defence against environmental agents. It is now known that during asthma these cells take part in the amplification of the inflammatory mechanism. It has been demonstrated in vitro that they can be activated to generate leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), mediators with potent pharmacological properties. These two arachidonic metabolites were identified and quantified by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) performed in cell suspensions, and in cell free supernatants. AM from asthmatics, after stimulation by the calcium ionophore A23187 or opsonized zymosan, released significantly (p less than 0.05) more LTB4 than those from healthy subjects. The increase in LTB4 release could be evidence for in vivo activation. On the other hand, the levels of 5-HETE in the AM from asthmatics were significantly (p less than 0.03) higher than those in cells from healthy subjects. This intracellular increase could be correlated with a greater migratory ability of these inflammatory macrophages, as observed for eosinophils. The clinical efficacy of nedocromil sodium may be partly related to the decreases in LTB4 releasability and intracellular 5-HETE levels observed only in AM from asthmatic patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0903-1936 , 1399-3003
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1183/09031936.93.02030202
    Language: English
    Publisher: European Respiratory Society (ERS)
    Publication Date: 1989
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2834928-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1499101-9
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Antihistamines in the treatment of asthma
    European Respiratory Society (ERS) ; 1992
    In:  European Respiratory Journal Vol. 5, No. 9 ( 1992-10-01), p. 1137-1142
    Details
    In: European Respiratory Journal, European Respiratory Society (ERS), Vol. 5, No. 9 ( 1992-10-01), p. 1137-1142
    Abstract: Histamine is an important mediator of asthma. The new anti-histamines which block histamine at the H1-receptor level also possess some anti-allergic properties. At current dosages they appear to be safe. These drugs are effective in the treatment of rhinitis and conjunctivitis but their role in asthma is still under investigation. At a dose higher than usually recommended, they were shown to block exercise-induced asthma and, inconstantly, the early phase reaction after allergen challenge. Their effect on the late phase allergic reaction as well as their clinical efficacy during trials is, however, less consistent. The indication of H1-blockers in the treatment of asthma is therefore limited, especially since doses higher than recommended may lead to adverse reactions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0903-1936 , 1399-3003
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1183/09031936.93.05091137
    Language: English
    Publisher: European Respiratory Society (ERS)
    Publication Date: 1992
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2834928-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1499101-9
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparison of an expert system with other clinical scores for the evaluation of severity of asthma
    European Respiratory Society (ERS) ; 1996
    In:  European Respiratory Journal Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 1996-01-01), p. 58-64
    Details
    In: European Respiratory Journal, European Respiratory Society (ERS), Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 1996-01-01), p. 58-64
    Abstract: "Asthmaexpert" was produced at the special request of several clinicians in order to obtain a better understanding of the medical decisions taken by clinical experts in the management of asthmatic patients. In order to assess the severity of asthma, a new score called Artificial Intelligence score (AI score), produced by Asthmaexpert, was compared with three other scores (Aas, Hargreave and Brooks). One hundred patients were enrolled prospectively in the study during their first consultation in the out-patient clinic. Distribution of severity level according to the different scores was studied, and the reliability between AI and other scores was evaluated by Kappa and MacNemar tests. Correlations with functional parameters were performed. The AI score assessed higher levels of severity than the other scores (Kappa = 18, 28 and 10% for Aas, Hargreave and Brooks, respectively) with significant MacNemar test in all cases. There was a significant correlation between AI score and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (r = 0.73). These data indicate that the AI score is a severity score which defines higher levels of severity than the chosen scores. Correlations for functional parameters are good. This score appears easy to use for the first consultation of an asthmatic patient.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0903-1936 , 1399-3003
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1183/09031936.96.09010058
    Language: English
    Publisher: European Respiratory Society (ERS)
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2834928-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1499101-9
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