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  • Ghimire, Shravan Kumar  (5)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of the TRMM Product for Spatio-temporal Characteristics of Precipitation over Nepal (1998-2018)
    Nepal Journals Online (JOL) ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Institute of Science and Technology Vol. 25, No. 2 ( 2020-12-25), p. 39-48
    Details
    In: Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, Nepal Journals Online (JOL), Vol. 25, No. 2 ( 2020-12-25), p. 39-48
    Abstract: Precipitation is a fundamental component of the water cycle and integral to the society and the ecosystem. Further, continuous monitoring of precipitation is essential for predicting severe weather, monitoring droughts, and high-intensity related extremes. The present study evaluated the spatio-temporal distribution of precipitation and trends between 1998– 2018 using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) (3B43-V7) with reference to 142-gauge observations over Nepal. TRMM moderately captured precipitation patterns' overall characteristics, although underestimated the mean annual precipitation during the study period. TRMM precipitation product well captured the seasonal variation of the observed precipitation with the highest correlation in the winter season. The decreasing seasonal and annual trend was found in both observed and TRMM products, with the highest (lowest) decreasing trend observed during the monsoon (winter) season. It was also noted that the TRMM product showed a smaller bias before 2007, while a large error was found after 2007, especially in the monsoon months. In general, the TRMM product is a good alternative to observe rain gauge measurement in Nepal. However, there is still space for further improvement in rainfall retrieval algorithms, especially in high-elevation areas during the winter season.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2467-9240
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3126/jist.v25i2.33733
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Nepal Journals Online (JOL)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rapidly Expanding Glacial Lakes in Nepal Himalaya
    Nepal Journals Online (JOL) ; 2022
    In:  Jalawaayu Vol. 2, No. 1 ( 2022-06-01), p. 45-55
    Details
    In: Jalawaayu, Nepal Journals Online (JOL), Vol. 2, No. 1 ( 2022-06-01), p. 45-55
    Abstract: The retreat and shrinkage of glaciers due to climate change are the causes for the formation and expansion of glacial lakes in the Himalayas. This study presents the rapidly expanding glacial lakes in Nepal Himalayas between 1988 and 2018 based on the published glacial lake inventories produced from Landsat imageries (30 m). Glacier-fed end moraine-dammed glacial lakes whose surface area was?0.1 km2 in 2018 with an expansion rate of more than 30% in 1988-2018 were regarded as rapidly expanding glacial lakes. The results show that 19 rapidly expanding glacial lakes are heterogeneously distributed in different sub-basins of Nepal. Among the sub-basins, Dudh Koshi sub-basin has a maximum (5) number of rapidly expanding glacial lakes. The total surface area of these 19 glacial lakes expanded by ~133%, from 4.12±0.61 km2 in 1988 to 9.62±1.04 km2 in 2018. Regular monitoring of rapidly expanding glacial lakes is required because the rapid expansion heightens the risk of GLOF by developing more potential flood volume and the expanding lakes can reach sites of possible avalanches.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2773-8205
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3126/jalawaayu.v2i1.45393
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Nepal Journals Online (JOL)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interannual variability of spring fire in southern Nepal
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Atmospheric Science Letters Vol. 23, No. 9 ( 2022-09)
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Science Letters, Wiley, Vol. 23, No. 9 ( 2022-09)
    Abstract: Nepal is highly vulnerable to climate change with increased fire occurrences and fire burned areas in recent years; therefore, we accessed the climatic drivers for its variability using fire burned areas product of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) from 2001 and 2020. The peak fire burned areas were observed in the spring season (~91%) from March to May, especially higher in the lowlands of the western and central parts. At the interannual timescale, low precipitation, humidity, soil moisture, and high temperature supported the existence of spring fire. Combining these factors induces drought conditions, enhancing evapotranspiration from vegetation and providing more combustible fuels. Furthermore, the El Niño phase in the central‐eastern Pacific Ocean is related to the weakened westerly moisture transport and moisture divergence that creates dry and warm conditions leading to increased fire activities. Thus, this study could be helpful for preparedness, management, and policy‐making to limit the multi‐dimensional losses in the ecosystem and society due to fire.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1530-261X , 1530-261X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/asl2.v23.9
    DOI: 10.1002/asl.1096
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2025884-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elevation Dependency of Precipitation over Southern Slope of Central Himalaya
    Nepal Journals Online (JOL) ; 2021
    In:  Jalawaayu Vol. 1, No. 1 ( 2021-04-21), p. 1-14
    Details
    In: Jalawaayu, Nepal Journals Online (JOL), Vol. 1, No. 1 ( 2021-04-21), p. 1-14
    Abstract: Precipitation plays vital roles in the global water cycle, knowledge of the spatial and temporal variation of the precipitation is essential to understanding extreme environmental phenomena such as floods, landslides, and drought. In this paper, the integrated characteristics of precipitation during 1980–2016 over Nepal along with the seasonal elevation dependency of precipitation were examined for three different regions over the country using Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation (MSWEP) product. The spatial distribution of mean annual precipitation varies significantly with the highest (lowest) precipitation of ~5500 (~100) mm/year in the Arun valley (Manang and Mustang). The precipitation regime of the country is determined by the contribution of the monthly precipitation amount with distinct spatial gradients between the eastern and the western sides during pre-monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter seasons. On the contrary, the spatial distribution of monsoon precipitation tends to more heterogeneous with visible differences between the lowland, midland, and highlands as similar to the annual one. Further, elevation dependency of seasonal precipitation revealed that the winter and post-monsoon precipitation distribution in western and central are very similar, whereas post-monsoon precipitation was found slightly higher than winter season in the eastern region. The highest precipitation areas in eastern and central region are located between 2000-2500 m, which is between 500 and 1000 m in the western region of the country. Overall, the pre-monsoon, summer monsoon and annual precipitation increases gradually with elevation upto 2500 m and then decreases with increasing elevation, whereas winter and post-monsoon precipitation are almost identical to each elevation interval of 500 m.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2773-8205
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3126/jalawaayu.v1i1.36446
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Nepal Journals Online (JOL)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dynamics of Maximum Snow Cover Area and Snow Line Altitude Across Nepal (2003-2018) Using Improved MODIS Data
    Nepal Journals Online (JOL) ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Institute of Science and Technology Vol. 25, No. 2 ( 2020-12-25), p. 17-24
    Details
    In: Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, Nepal Journals Online (JOL), Vol. 25, No. 2 ( 2020-12-25), p. 17-24
    Abstract: Snow is one of the main components of the cryosphere and plays a vital role in the hydrology and regulating climate. This study presents the dynamics of maximum snow cover area (SCA) and snow line altitude (SLA) across the Western, Central, and Eastern Nepal using improved Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS; 500 m) data from 2003 to 2018. The results showed a heterogeneous behavior of the spatial and temporal variations of SCA in different months, seasons, and elevation zones across three regions of Nepal. Further, the maximum and minimum SCA was observed in winter (December-February) and post-monsoon (October-November) seasons, respectively. The inter-annual variation of winter SCA showed an overall negative trend of SCA between 2003 to 2018 at the national and regional scales. The SLA was assessed in the post-monsoon season. At the national scale, the SLA lies in an elevation zone of 4500-5000 m, and the approximate SLA of Nepal was 4750 m in 2018. Regionally, the SLA lies in an elevation zone of 4500-5000 m in the Western and Central regions (approx. SLA at 4750 m) and 5000-5500 m in the Eastern region (approx. SLA at 5250 m) in 2018. The SLA fluctuated with the changes in SCA, and the spatio-temporal variations of SLAs were observed in three regions of Nepal. We observed an upward shift of SLA by 33.3 m yr-1 in the Western and Central Nepal and by 66.7 m yr-1 in Eastern Nepal. This study will help to understand the impacts of climate change on snow cover, and the information will be useful for the hydrologist and water resource managers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2467-9240
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3126/jist.v25i2.33729
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Nepal Journals Online (JOL)
    Publication Date: 2020
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