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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Intravenous alteplase for stroke with unknown time of onset guided by advanced imaging: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data
    Elsevier BV ; 2020
    In:  The Lancet Vol. 396, No. 10262 ( 2020-11), p. 1574-1584
    Details
    In: The Lancet, Elsevier BV, Vol. 396, No. 10262 ( 2020-11), p. 1574-1584
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0140-6736
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32163-2
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2020
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3306-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1476593-7
    SSG: 5,21
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  • 2
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    Game-theoretical mapping of fundamental brain functions based on lesion deficits in acute stroke
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  Brain Communications Vol. 3, No. 3 ( 2021-07-01)
    Details
    In: Brain Communications, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 3, No. 3 ( 2021-07-01)
    Abstract: Lesion analysis is a fundamental and classical approach for inferring the causal contributions of brain regions to brain function. However, many studies have been limited by the shortcomings of methodology or clinical data. Aiming to overcome these limitations, we here use an objective multivariate approach based on game theory, Multi-perturbation Shapley value Analysis, in conjunction with data from a large cohort of 394 acute stroke patients, to derive causal contributions of brain regions to four principal functional components of the widely used National Institutes of Health Stroke Score measure. The analysis was based on a high-resolution parcellation of the brain into 294 grey and white matter regions. Through initial lesion symptom mapping for identifying all potential candidate regions and repeated iterations of the game-theoretical approach to remove non-significant contributions, the analysis derived the smallest sets of regions contributing to each of the four principal functional components as well as functional interactions among the regions. Specifically, the factor ‘language and consciousness’ was related to contributions of cortical regions in the left hemisphere, including the prefrontal gyrus, the middle frontal gyrus, the ventromedial putamen and the inferior frontal gyrus. Right and left motor functions were associated with contributions of the left and right dorsolateral putamen and the posterior limb of the internal capsule, correspondingly. Moreover, the superior corona radiata and the paracentral lobe of the right hemisphere as well as the right caudal area 23 of the cingulate gyrus were mainly related to left motor function, while the prefrontal gyrus, the external capsule and the sagittal stratum fasciculi of the left hemisphere contributed to right motor function. Our approach demonstrates a practically feasible strategy for applying an objective lesion inference method to a high-resolution map of the human brain and distilling a small, characteristic set of grey and white matter structures contributing to fundamental brain functions. In addition, we present novel findings of synergistic interactions between brain regions that provide insight into the functional organization of brain networks.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2632-1297
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab204
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3020013-1
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  • 3
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    Predictors of Early Neurological Improvement and Its Relationship to Thrombolysis Treatment and Long-Term Outcome in the WAKE-UP Study
    S. Karger AG ; 2023
    In:  Cerebrovascular Diseases Vol. 52, No. 5 ( 2023), p. 560-566
    Details
    In: Cerebrovascular Diseases, S. Karger AG, Vol. 52, No. 5 ( 2023), p. 560-566
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Introduction: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The aims of this study were to evaluate the relationship of clinical and imaging baseline factors and treatment on the occurrence of early neurological improvement (ENI) in the WAKE-UP trial of MRI-guided intravenous thrombolysis in unknown onset stroke and to examine the association of ENI with long-term favorable outcome in patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 We analyzed data from all patients with at least moderate stroke severity, reflected by an initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≥4 randomized in the WAKE-UP trial. ENI was defined as a decrease in NIHSS of ≥8 or a decline to zero or 1 at 24 h after initial presentation to the hospital. Favorable outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0–1 at 90 days. We performed group comparison and multivariable analysis of baseline factors associated with ENI and performed mediation analysis to evaluate the effect of ENI on the relationship between intravenous thrombolysis and favorable outcome. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 ENI occurred in 93 out of 384 patients (24.2%) and was more likely to occur in patients who received treatment with alteplase (62.4% vs. 46.0%, 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 = 0.009), had smaller acute diffusion-weighted imaging lesion volume (5.51 mL vs. 10.9 mL, 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 ≤ 0.001), and less often large-vessel occlusion on initial MRI (7/93 [12.1%] versus 40/291 [29.9%], 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 = 0.014). In multivariable analysis, treatment with alteplase (OR 1.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.954–1.100), lower baseline stroke volume (OR 0.965, 95% CI: 0.932–0.994), and shorter time from symptom recognition to treatment (OR 0.994, 95% CI: 0.989–0.999) were independently associated with ENI. Patients with ENI had higher rates of favorable outcome at 90-day follow-up (80.6% vs. 31.3%, 〈 i 〉 p 〈 /i 〉 ≤ 0.001). The occurrence of ENI significantly mediated the association of treatment with a good outcome, with ENI at 24 h explaining 39.4% (12.9–96%) of the treatment effect. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Intravenous alteplase increases the odds of ENI in patients with at least moderate stroke severity, especially when given early. In patients with large-vessel occlusion, ENI is rarely observed without thrombectomy. ENI represents a good surrogate early marker of treatment effect as more than a third of good outcome at 90 days is explained by ENI at 24 h.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1015-9770 , 1421-9786
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000528805
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 4
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    Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery Quantification to Predict Diffusion-Weighted Imaging-Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery Mismatch Status in Ischemic Stroke With Unknown Onset
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2022
    In:  Stroke Vol. 53, No. 5 ( 2022-05), p. 1665-1673
    Details
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 53, No. 5 ( 2022-05), p. 1665-1673
    Abstract: Visual rating of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)–fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) mismatch can be challenging. We evaluated quantification of DWI and FLAIR to predict DWI-FLAIR mismatch status in ischemic stroke. Methods: In screened patients from the WAKE-UP trial (Efficacy and Safety of Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Thrombolysis in Wake-Up Stroke), we retrospectively studied relative DWI (rDWI SI) and FLAIR signal intensity (rFLAIR SI). We defined the optimal mean rFLAIR SI and interquartile range of the rDWI SI in the DWI lesion to predict DWI-FLAIR mismatch status. We investigated agreement between each quantitative parameter and the DWI-FLAIR mismatch and the association between both quantitative parameters. We evaluated the predictive value of the quantitative parameters for excellent functional outcome by logistic regression, adjusted for DWI lesion volume, treatment, age, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. Results: In the rFLAIR and rDWI SI analysis, 213/369 and 241/421 subjects respectively had a DWI-FLAIR mismatch. A mean rFLAIR SI cutoff of 1.09 and interquartile range rDWI SI cutoff of 0.47 were optimal to predict the DWI-FLAIR mismatch with a sensitivity and specificity of 77% (95% CI, 71%–83%) and 67% (95% CI, 59%–74%), and 76% (95% CI, 70%–81%) and 72% (95% CI, 65%–79%), respectively. For both quantitative parameters, agreement with the DWI-FLAIR mismatch was fair (73%, κ=0.44 [95% CI, 0.35–0.54] for rFLAIR and 74%, κ=0.48 [95% CI, 0.39–0.56] for rDWI). Both quantitative parameters correlated moderately (Pearson R=0.54 [95% CI, 0.46–0.61]; P 〈 0.001, n=367). The interquartile range rDWI SI (n=188), but not the mean rFLAIR SI (n=172), was an independent predictor of excellent functional outcome (odds ratio, 0.67 per 0.1 unit increase of interquartile range rDWI SI, 95% CI, 0.51–0.89, P =0.01). Conclusions: Agreement between the quantitative and qualitative approach may be insufficient to advocate DWI or FLAIR quantification as alternative for visual rating.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.036871
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467823-8
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  • 5
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    Quantitative Signal Intensity in Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery and Treatment Effect in the WAKE-UP Trial
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2020
    In:  Stroke Vol. 51, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 209-215
    Details
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 51, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 209-215
    Abstract: Relative signal intensity of acute ischemic stroke lesions in fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery relative signal intensity [FLAIR-rSI]) magnetic resonance imaging is associated with time elapsed since stroke onset with higher intensities signifying longer time intervals. In the randomized controlled WAKE-UP trial (Efficacy and Safety of MRI-Based Thrombolysis in Wake-Up Stroke Trial), intravenous alteplase was effective in patients with unknown onset stroke selected by visual assessment of diffusion weighted imaging fluid-attenuated inversion recovery mismatch, that is, in those with no marked fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensity in the region of the acute diffusion weighted imaging lesion. In this post hoc analysis, we investigated whether quantitatively measured FLAIR-rSI modifies treatment effect of intravenous alteplase. Methods— FLAIR-rSI of stroke lesions was measured relative to signal intensity in a mirrored region in the contralesional hemisphere. The relationship between FLAIR-rSI and treatment effect on functional outcome assessed by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) after 90 days was analyzed by binary logistic regression using different end points, that is, favorable outcome defined as mRS score of 0 to 1, independent outcome defined as mRS score of 0 to 2, ordinal analysis of mRS scores (shift analysis). All models were adjusted for National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at symptom onset and stroke lesion volume. Results— FLAIR-rSI was successfully quantified in stroke lesions in 433 patients (86% of 503 patients included in WAKE-UP). Mean FLAIR-rSI was 1.06 (SD, 0.09). Interaction of FLAIR-rSI and treatment effect was not significant for mRS score of 0 to 1 ( P =0.169) and shift analysis ( P =0.086) but reached significance for mRS score of 0 to 2 ( P =0.004). We observed a smooth continuing trend of decreasing treatment effects in relation to clinical end points with increasing FLAIR-rSI. Conclusions— In patients in whom no marked parenchymal fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensity was detected by visual judgement in the WAKE-UP trial, higher FLAIR-rSI of diffusion weighted imaging lesions was associated with decreased treatment effects of intravenous thrombolysis. This parallels the known association of treatment effect and elapsing time of stroke onset.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.027390
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 6
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    Stroke With Unknown Time of Symptom Onset : Baseline Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data of the First Thousand Patients in WAKE-UP (Efficacy and Safety of MRI-Based Thrombolysis in Wake-Up Stroke: A Randomized, Doubleblind, Placebo-Controlled Trial)
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2017
    In:  Stroke Vol. 48, No. 3 ( 2017-03), p. 770-773
    Details
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 48, No. 3 ( 2017-03), p. 770-773
    Abstract: We describe clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of stroke patients with unknown time of symptom onset potentially eligible for thrombolysis from a large prospective cohort. Methods— We analyzed baseline data from WAKE-UP (Efficacy and Safety of MRI-Based Thrombolysis in Wake-Up Stroke: A Randomized, Doubleblind, Placebo-Controlled Trial), an investigator-initiated, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of MRI-based thrombolysis in stroke patients with unknown time of symptom onset. MRI judgment included assessment of the mismatch between visibility of the acute ischemic lesion on diffusion-weighted imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery. Results— Of 1005 patients included, diffusion-weighted imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery mismatch was present in 479 patients (48.0%). Patients with daytime-unwitnessed stroke (n=138, 13.7%) had a shorter delay between symptom recognition and hospital arrival (1.5 versus 1.8 hours; P =0.002), a higher National Institutes of Stroke Scale score on admission (8 versus 6; P 〈 0.001), and more often aphasia (72.5% versus 34.0%; P 〈 0.001) when compared with stroke patients waking up from nighttime sleep. Frequency of diffusion-weighted imaging and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery mismatch was comparable between both groups (43.7% versus 48.7%; P =0.30). Conclusions— Almost half of the patients with unknown time of symptom onset stroke otherwise eligible for thrombolysis had MRI findings making them likely to be within a time window for safe and effective thrombolysis. Patients with daytime onset unwitnessed stroke differ from wake-up stroke patients with regards to clinical characteristics but are comparable in terms of MRI characteristics of lesion age. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01525290. URL: https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu . Unique identifier: 2011-005906-32.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.015233
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 7
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    Reversibility of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Lesions in Patients With Ischemic Stroke in the WAKE-UP Trial
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2023
    In:  Stroke Vol. 54, No. 6 ( 2023-06), p. 1560-1568
    Details
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 54, No. 6 ( 2023-06), p. 1560-1568
    Abstract: Reversibility of the diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) lesion means that not all of the DWI lesion represents permanently injured tissue. We investigated DWI reversibility and the association with thrombolysis, reperfusion and functional outcome in patients from the WAKE-UP trial (Efficacy and Safety of Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Based Thrombolysis in Wake-Up Stroke). Methods: In this retrospective analysis of WAKE-UP, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) between September 2012 and June 2017 in Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Spain and United Kingdom, a convolutional neural network segmented the DWI lesions (b=1000 s/mm 2 ) at baseline and follow-up (24 hours). We calculated absolute and relative DWI reversibility in 2 ways: first, a volumetric (baseline volume−24-hour volume 〉 0) and second, a voxel-based (part of baseline lesion not overlapping with 24-hour lesion) approach. We additionally defined relative voxel-based DWI-reversibility 〉 50% to account for coregistration inaccuracies. We calculated the odds ratio for reversibility according to treatment arm. We analyzed the association of reversibility with excellent functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of 0–1), in a multivariable model. Results: In 363 patients, the median DWI volume was 3 (1–10) mL at baseline and 6 (2–20) mL at follow-up. Volumetric DWI reversibility was present in 19% (69/363) with a median absolute reversible volume of 1 mL (0–2) or 28% (14–50) relatively. Voxel-based DWI reversibility was present in 358/363 (99%) with a median absolute volume of 1 mL (0–2), or 22% (9–38) relatively. In 18% of the patients (67/363), relative voxel-based DWI reversibility 〉 50% was present. Volumetric DWI reversibility and relative voxel-based DWI reversibility 〉 50% was more frequent in patients treated with alteplase versus placebo (OR, 1.86 [95% CI, 1.09–3.17] and OR, 2.03 [95% CI, 1.18–3.50] , respectively). Relative voxel-based DWI reversibility 〉 50% was associated with excellent functional outcome (OR, 2.30 [95% CI, 1.17–4.51]). Conclusions: Small absolute volumes of DWI reversibility were present in a large proportion of randomized patients in the WAKE-UP trial. Reversibility was more often present after thrombolysis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.122.041505
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467823-8
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  • 8
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    Reversible Edema in the Penumbra Correlates With Severity of Hypoperfusion
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2021
    In:  Stroke Vol. 52, No. 7 ( 2021-07), p. 2338-2346
    Details
    In: Stroke, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 52, No. 7 ( 2021-07), p. 2338-2346
    Abstract: We aimed to investigate fluid-attenuated inversion recovery changes in the penumbra. Methods: We determined core and perfusion lesions in subjects from the WAKE-UP trial (Efficacy and Safety of MRI-Based Thrombolysis in Wake-Up Stroke) and AXIS 2 trial (Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke) with perfusion- and diffusion-weighted imaging at baseline. Only subjects with a mismatch volume 〉 15 mL and ratio 〉 1.2 were included. We created voxel-based relative fluid-attenuated inversion recovery signal intensity (rFLAIR SI) maps at baseline and follow-up. We studied rFLAIR SI in 2 regions of interest: baseline penumbra (baseline perfusion lesion−[core lesion+voxels with apparent diffusion coefficient 〈 620 10 −6 mm 2 /s]) and noninfarcted penumbra (baseline perfusion lesion−follow-up fluid-attenuated inversion recovery lesion) at 24 hours (WAKE-UP) or 30 days (AXIS 2). We analyzed the association between rFLAIR SI and severity of hypoperfusion, defined as time to maximum of the residue function. Results: In the baseline penumbra, rFLAIR SI was elevated (ratio, 1.04; P =1.7×10 − 13 ; n=126) and correlated with severity of hypoperfusion (Pearson r, 0.03; P 〈 1.0×10 − 4 ; n=126). In WAKE-UP, imaging at 24 hours revealed a further increase of rFLAIR SI in the noninfarcted penumbra (ratio, 1.05 at 24 hours versus 1.03 at baseline; P =7.1×10 −3 ; n=43). In AXIS 2, imaging at 30 days identified reversibility of the rFLAIR SI (ratio, 1.02 at 30 days versus 1.04 at baseline; P =1.5×10 −3 ; n=26) since it was no longer different from 1 (ratio, 1.01 at 30 days; P =0.099; n=26). Conclusions: Penumbral rFLAIR SI increases appear early after stroke onset, correlate with severity of hypoperfusion, further increase at 24 hours, and are reversible by 30 days. Registration: URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT01525290. URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT00927836.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0039-2499 , 1524-4628
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.033071
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 9
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    Influence of stroke infarct location on quality of life assessed in a multivariate lesion-symptom mapping study
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-06-29)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-06-29)
    Abstract: Stroke has a deleterious impact on quality of life. However, it is less well known if stroke lesions in different brain regions are associated with reduced quality of life (QoL). We therefore investigated this association by multivariate lesion-symptom mapping. We analyzed magnetic resonance imaging and clinical data from the WAKE-UP trial. European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) 3 level questionnaires were completed 90 days after stroke. Lesion symptom mapping was performed using a multivariate machine learning algorithm (support vector regression) based on stroke lesions 22–36 h after stroke. Brain regions with significant associations were explored in reference to white matter tracts. Of 503 randomized patients, 329 were included in the analysis (mean age 65.4 years, SD 11.5; median NIHSS = 6, IQR 4–9; median EQ-5D score 90 days after stroke 1, IQR 0–4, median lesion volume 3.3 ml, IQR 1.1–16.9 ml). After controlling for lesion volume, significant associations between lesions and EQ-5D score were detected for the right putamen, and internal capsules of both hemispheres. Multivariate lesion inference analysis revealed an association between injuries of the cortico-spinal tracts with worse self-reported quality of life 90 days after stroke in comparably small stroke lesions, extending previous reports of the association of striato-capsular lesions with worse functional outcome. Our findings are of value to identify patients at risk of impaired QoL after stroke.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92865-x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 10
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    Hyperintense acute reperfusion marker associated with hemorrhagic transformation in the WAKE-UP trial
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  European Stroke Journal Vol. 6, No. 2 ( 2021-06), p. 128-133
    Details
    In: European Stroke Journal, SAGE Publications, Vol. 6, No. 2 ( 2021-06), p. 128-133
    Abstract: Hyperintense acute reperfusion marker (HARM) is an indicator of early disruption of the blood-brain-barrier. Our aim was to investigate the incidence of HARM in patients with a diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) - fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) mismatch and determine the association between this marker and hemorrhagic complications as well as clinical outcome. Patients and Methods We included patients from the Efficacy and Safety of MRI-Based Thrombolysis in Wake-Up Stroke (WAKE-UP) trial who underwent baseline perfusion weighted imaging (PWI). HARM was defined as a hyperintense signal in the cerebrospinal fluid space on FLAIR imaging at 24 h after baseline imaging. We compared baseline characteristics in patients with and without HARM and investigated the association between HARM and any hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and parenchymal hematoma (PH) in a multivariate logistic regression. We also explored HARM as an independent predictor of poor outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale of 3–6 at 90 days. Results HARM was present in 14 of 223 (6%) patients with a DWI-FLAIR mismatch and baseline characteristics were similar in patients with vs without HARM. HARM showed an independent relationship with any HT (OR 6.67; 95%CI 1.72–26.58) and any PH (OR 6.92; 95%CI 1.34–29.49). The rate of HARM was similar in patients with good and poor outcome (5%, p = 0.90). Conclusion In the WAKE-UP trial, the incidence of HARM was only 6% at 24 h. An association was present between HARM and hemorrhagic complications, but no relationship with functional outcome was observed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2396-9873 , 2396-9881
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/23969873211007686
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2851287-X
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