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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Behavioural and functional evidence revealing the role of RBFOX1 variation in multiple psychiatric disorders and traits
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Molecular Psychiatry Vol. 27, No. 11 ( 2022-11), p. 4464-4473
    Details
    In: Molecular Psychiatry, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 27, No. 11 ( 2022-11), p. 4464-4473
    Abstract: Common variation in the gene encoding the neuron-specific RNA splicing factor RNA Binding Fox-1 Homolog 1 ( RBFOX1 ) has been identified as a risk factor for several psychiatric conditions, and rare genetic variants have been found causal for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we explored the genetic landscape of RBFOX1 more deeply, integrating evidence from existing and new human studies as well as studies in Rbfox1 knockout mice. Mining existing data from large-scale studies of human common genetic variants, we confirmed gene-based and genome-wide association of RBFOX1 with risk tolerance, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. Data on six mental disorders revealed copy number losses and gains to be more frequent in ASD cases than in controls. Consistently, RBFOX1 expression appeared decreased in post-mortem frontal and temporal cortices of individuals with ASD and prefrontal cortex of individuals with schizophrenia. Brain-functional MRI studies demonstrated that carriers of a common RBFOX1 variant, rs6500744, displayed increased neural reactivity to emotional stimuli, reduced prefrontal processing during cognitive control, and enhanced fear expression after fear conditioning, going along with increased avoidance behaviour. Investigating Rbfox1 neuron-specific knockout mice allowed us to further specify the role of this gene in behaviour. The model was characterised by pronounced hyperactivity, stereotyped behaviour, impairments in fear acquisition and extinction, reduced social interest, and lack of aggression; it provides excellent construct and face validity as an animal model of ASD. In conclusion, convergent translational evidence shows that common variants in RBFOX1 are associated with a broad spectrum of psychiatric traits and disorders, while rare genetic variation seems to expose to early-onset neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders with and without developmental delay like ASD, in particular. Studying the pleiotropic nature of RBFOX1 can profoundly enhance our understanding of mental disorder vulnerability.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1359-4184 , 1476-5578
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01722-4
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1502531-7
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  • 2
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    Effective connectivity during face processing in major depression – distinguishing markers of pathology, risk, and resilience
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2023
    In:  Psychological Medicine Vol. 53, No. 9 ( 2023-07), p. 4139-4151
    Details
    In: Psychological Medicine, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 53, No. 9 ( 2023-07), p. 4139-4151
    Abstract: Aberrant brain connectivity during emotional processing, especially within the fronto-limbic pathway, is one of the hallmarks of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the methodological heterogeneity of previous studies made it difficult to determine the functional and etiological implications of specific alterations in brain connectivity. We previously reported alterations in psychophysiological interaction measures during emotional face processing, distinguishing depressive pathology from at-risk/resilient and healthy states. Here, we extended these findings by effective connectivity analyses in the same sample to establish a refined neural model of emotion processing in depression. Methods Thirty-seven patients with MDD, 45 first-degree relatives of patients with MDD and 97 healthy controls performed a face-matching task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We used dynamic causal modeling to estimate task-dependent effective connectivity at the subject level. Parametric empirical Bayes was performed to quantify group differences in effective connectivity. Results MDD patients showed decreased effective connectivity from the left amygdala and left lateral prefrontal cortex to the fusiform gyrus compared to relatives and controls, whereas patients and relatives showed decreased connectivity from the right orbitofrontal cortex to the left insula and from the left orbitofrontal cortex to the right fusiform gyrus compared to controls. Relatives showed increased connectivity from the anterior cingulate cortex to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex compared to patients and controls. Conclusions Our results suggest that the depressive state alters top-down control of higher visual regions during face processing. Alterations in connectivity within the cognitive control network present potential risk or resilience mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-2917 , 1469-8978
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0033291722000824
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470300-2
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 3
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    Students in the Sex Industry: Motivations, Feelings, Risks, and Judgments
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Psychology Vol. 12 ( 2021-2-25)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Psychology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2021-2-25)
    Abstract: Student sex work is a current phenomenon all over the world, increasingly reported by the media in recent years. However, student sex work remains under-researched in Germany and is lacking direct first-hand reports from the people involved. Further, sex work remains stigmatized, and therefore, students practicing it could be at risk of social isolation and emotional or physical danger. Therefore, this study examines students working in the sex industry focusing on their personal experiences and attitudes toward them. An online questionnaire was completed by 4386 students from Berlin universities. Students who identified themselves as sex workers ( n = 227) were questioned with respect to their motivations to enter the sex industry, characteristics of their job, feelings after the intercourse, and perceived risks. Student non-sex workers ( n = 2998) were questioned regarding knowledge of and attitudes toward student sex workers. Most student sex workers reported that they entered the sex industry due to financial reasons (35.7%). The majority reported offering services involving direct sexual intercourse. Disclosing their job to friends, family, or others was associated with less problems with social isolation and in romantic relationships. With a total of 22.9%, student non-sex workers reported never having heard about students working in the sex industry. The most frequent emotions mentioned by them with regard to student sex workers were compassion and dismay (48.9%). There was no difference in happiness between student sex workers and non-sex working students. Through this research, it becomes evident that there are similarities between the student’s motivations to enter the sex industry, their feelings, and the problems they have to face. Moreover, prejudices still prevail about the life of student sex workers. Increasing understanding of student sex work might help those sex workers to live a less stigmatized life and thereby to make use of support from others. The universities as institutions could form the basis for this, e.g., by openly supporting student sex workers. This could help to encourage the rights of student sex workers and to gain perspective with respect to the sex industry.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-1078
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.586235
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2563826-9
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  • 4
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    Investigating the neural correlates of affective mentalizing and their association with general intelligence in patients with schizophrenia
    Elsevier BV ; 2023
    In:  Schizophrenia Research Vol. 254 ( 2023-04), p. 190-198
    Details
    In: Schizophrenia Research, Elsevier BV, Vol. 254 ( 2023-04), p. 190-198
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0920-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.02.004
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1500726-1
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  • 5
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    Neural correlates of RDoC-specific cognitive processes in a high-functional autistic patient: a statistically validated case report
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Neural Transmission Vol. 128, No. 6 ( 2021-06), p. 845-859
    Details
    In: Journal of Neural Transmission, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 128, No. 6 ( 2021-06), p. 845-859
    Abstract: The level of functioning of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) varies widely. To better understand the neurobiological mechanism associated with high-functioning ASD, we studied the rare case of a female patient with an exceptional professional career in the highly competitive academic field of Mathematics. According to the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach, which proposes to describe the basic dimensions of functioning by integrating different levels of information, we conducted four fMRI experiments targeting the (1) social processes domain (Theory of mind (ToM) and face matching), (2) positive valence domain (reward processing), and (3) cognitive domain (N-back). Patient’s data were compared to data of 14 healthy controls (HC). Additionally, we assessed the subjective experience of our case during the experiments. The patient showed increased response times during face matching and achieved a higher total gain in the Reward task, whereas her performance in N-back and ToM was similar to HC. Her brain function differed mainly in the positive valence and cognitive domains. During reward processing, she showed reduced activity in a left-hemispheric frontal network and cortical midline structures but increased connectivity within this network. During the working memory task patients’ brain activity and connectivity in left-hemispheric temporo-frontal regions were elevated. In the ToM task, activity in posterior cingulate cortex and temporo-parietal junction was reduced. We suggest that the high level of functioning in our patient is rather related to the effects in brain connectivity than to local cortical information processing and that subjective report provides a fruitful framework for interpretation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0300-9564 , 1435-1463
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02352-w
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481655-6
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  • 6
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    Neural correlates of cue‐induced changes in decision‐making distinguish subjects with gambling disorder from healthy controls
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Addiction Biology Vol. 26, No. 3 ( 2021-05)
    Details
    In: Addiction Biology, Wiley, Vol. 26, No. 3 ( 2021-05)
    Abstract: In addiction, there are few human studies on the neural basis of cue‐induced changes in value‐based decision making (Pavlovian‐to‐instrumental transfer, PIT). It is especially unclear whether neural alterations related to PIT are due to the physiological effects of substance abuse or rather related to learning processes and/or other etiological factors related to addiction. We have thus investigated whether neural activation patterns during a PIT task help to distinguish subjects with gambling disorder (GD), a nonsubstance‐based addiction, from healthy controls (HCs). Thirty GD and 30 HC subjects completed an affective decision‐making task in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. Gambling‐associated and other emotional cues were shown in the background during the task. Data collection and feature modeling focused on a network of nucleus accumbens (NAcc), amygdala, and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) (derived from PIT and substance use disorder [SUD] studies). We built and tested a linear classifier based on these multivariate neural PIT signatures. GD subjects showed stronger PIT than HC subjects. Classification based on neural PIT signatures yielded a significant area under the receiver operating curve (AUC‐ROC) (0.70, p = 0.013). GD subjects showed stronger PIT‐related functional connectivity between NAcc and amygdala elicited by gambling cues, as well as between amygdala and OFC elicited by negative and positive cues. HC and GD subjects were thus distinguishable by PIT‐related neural signatures including amygdala–NAcc–OFC functional connectivity. Neural PIT alterations in addictive disorders might not depend on the physiological effect of a substance of abuse but on related learning processes or even innate neural traits.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1355-6215 , 1369-1600
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/adb.v26.3
    DOI: 10.1111/adb.12951
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495537-4
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  • 7
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    Data_Sheet_1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Psychiatry Vol. 14 ( 2023-4-24)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Psychiatry, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 14 ( 2023-4-24)
    Abstract: Pavlovian conditioned contextual cues have been suggested to modulate instrumental action and might explain maladaptive behavior such as relapse in participants suffering from alcohol use disorder (AUD). Pavlovian-to-Instrumental transfer (PIT) experimentally assesses the magnitude of this context-dependent effect and studies have shown a larger PIT effect in AUD populations. Taken this into account, a reduction of the influence of cues on behavior seems warranted and one approach that could alter such cue reactivity is mindfulness. Mindfulness-based interventions have been shown to be efficient in the treatment of AUD, but underlying mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. Therefore, we aim at investigating the effect of a brief mindful body scan meditation on the magnitude of the PIT effect in AUD subjects and matched controls. Methods Using a randomized within-subjects design, we compared the effect of a short audio guided body scan meditation against a control condition (audio of nature sounds) on PIT in healthy ( n = 35) and AUD ( n = 27) participants. Results We found no differences in PIT effect between healthy and AUD participants as well as between conditions. However, a significant interaction effect points to a decreased PIT effect after body scan meditation in AUD subjects only. Discussion These pilot results suggest that AUD might be susceptible to mindfulness-induced changes in PIT, with these findings contributing to entangling the underlying mechanisms of the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions in AUD. However, further investigation should confirm these preliminary results and the efficacy of mindfulness meditation practice in decreasing the PIT effect.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-0640
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1134458
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1134458.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2564218-2
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  • 8
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    Acceptance and commitment therapy in a psychiatric day hospital—A longitudinal naturalistic effectiveness trial
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Psychiatry Vol. 13 ( 2023-1-11)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Psychiatry, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2023-1-11)
    Abstract: Despite the transdiagnostic approach and the good cross-professional applicability, only few studies have examined the effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in a naturalistic clinic setting. This study aims to help closing this gap by investigating the effects of ACT in a psychiatric day hospital during COVID pandemic. It was investigated whether psychopathological symptomology decreased, and quality of life and general functioning improved with the treatment. Additionally, longitudinal effects were tested. Methods Participants in this follow-up-design were 92 patients (64.1% female) of a psychiatric day hospital. Survey data of clinical symptoms, quality of life and global functioning were assessed at three time points (with admission, discharge, and 3 months after treatment). Differences between time points were tested using two-sided paired samples t -tests. Additionally, the reliability of change index (RCI) was calculated. Results From pre-treatment to post-treatment, symptomology decreased significantly ( d = 0.82–0.99, p & lt; 0.001), and global functioning as well as quality of life increased significantly ( d = 0.42–1.19, p & lt; 0.001). The effects remained relatively stable, with no significant change between post-treatment and follow-up. The difference between pre-treatment and follow-up was significant for clinical symptoms, physical and psychological wellbeing, and global quality of life ( d = 0.43–0.76, p & lt; 0.007). Conclusion The significant and sustained improvement in all measures indicates that patients are benefiting from the treatment. Since the trial was neither randomized nor controlled, effects have to be interpreted with caution. Possible influences of the pandemic are discussed. Clinical trial registration http://www.drks.de/DRKS00029992 , identifier DRKS00029992.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-0640
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1052874
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2564218-2
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  • 9
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    Cortical Surfaces Mediate the Relationship Between Polygenic Scores for Intelligence and General Intelligence
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  Cerebral Cortex Vol. 30, No. 4 ( 2020-04-14), p. 2708-2719
    Details
    In: Cerebral Cortex, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 30, No. 4 ( 2020-04-14), p. 2708-2719
    Abstract: Recent large-scale, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of genetic loci associated with general intelligence. The cumulative influence of these loci on brain structure is unknown. We examined if cortical morphology mediates the relationship between GWAS-derived polygenic scores for intelligence (PSi) and g-factor. Using the effect sizes from one of the largest GWAS meta-analysis on general intelligence to date, PSi were calculated among 10 P value thresholds. PSi were assessed for the association with g-factor performance, cortical thickness (CT), and surface area (SA) in two large imaging-genetics samples (IMAGEN N = 1651; IntegraMooDS N = 742). PSi explained up to 5.1% of the variance of g-factor in IMAGEN (F1,1640 = 12.2–94.3; P  & lt; 0.005), and up to 3.0% in IntegraMooDS (F1,725 = 10.0–21.0; P  & lt; 0.005). The association between polygenic scores and g-factor was partially mediated by SA and CT in prefrontal, anterior cingulate, insula, and medial temporal cortices in both samples (PFWER-corrected  & lt; 0.005). The variance explained by mediation was up to 0.75% in IMAGEN and 0.77% in IntegraMooDS. Our results provide evidence that cumulative genetic load influences g-factor via cortical structure. The consistency of our results across samples suggests that cortex morphology could be a novel potential biomarker for neurocognitive dysfunction that is among the most intractable psychiatric symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1047-3211 , 1460-2199
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz270
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483485-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Effects of mindfulness meditation and Acceptance and commitment therapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea with residual excessive sleepiness: A randomized controlled pilot study
    Elsevier BV ; 2023
    In:  Sleep Medicine Vol. 106 ( 2023-06), p. 33-41
    Details
    In: Sleep Medicine, Elsevier BV, Vol. 106 ( 2023-06), p. 33-41
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1389-9457
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.03.022
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041737-8
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