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  • MDPI AG  (10)
  • Gao, Xiang  (10)
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  • MDPI AG  (10)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Probabilistically Weakly Secure Network Coding Scheme in Multipath Routing for WSNs
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Sensors Vol. 17, No. 5 ( 2017-05-16), p. 1133-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 5 ( 2017-05-16), p. 1133-
    Abstract: In wireless sensor networks, nodes are mostly deployed in unsupervised areas and are vulnerable to a variety of attacks. Therefore, data security is a vital aspect to be considered. However, due to the limited computation capability and memory of sensor nodes, it is difficult to perform the complex encryption algorithm, as well as the key distribution and management algorithm. Toward this end, a low-complexity algorithm for security in wireless sensor networks is of significant importance. In this article, a weakly secure network coding based multipath routing scheme is proposed, which can guarantee the data confidentiality in transmission probabilistically, and can improve the energy efficiency in the meantime. Then the simulations of the probability of transmission being secure are performed. The results show that with the increase of the number of hops k, the probability of transmission being secure suffers from a rapid decrease. On the contrary, with the increase of multicast capacity h it undergoes a slight growth. Therefore, the weak security can be achieved with probability approaching 1 by limiting the number of hops and increasing the multicast capacity. Meanwhile, the simulations of energy consumption are performed and the comparison between the energy consumption of the scheme in this article and the multipath routing scheme without network coding is conducted. The results show that by employing network coding, the scheme in this article can improve the energy efficiency, and the more packets transmitted, the more energy consumption can be reduced.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s17051133
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Novel Necroptosis-Related Prognostic Signature of Glioblastoma Based on Transcriptomics Analysis and Single Cell Sequencing Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Brain Sciences Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2022-07-26), p. 988-
    Details
    In: Brain Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2022-07-26), p. 988-
    Abstract: Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and deadly brain tumor. The clinical significance of necroptosis (NCPS) genes in GBM is unclear. The goal of this study is to reveal the potential prognostic NCPS genes associated with GBM, elucidate their functions, and establish an effective prognostic model for GBM patients. Methods: Firstly, the NCPS genes in GBM were identified by single-cell analysis of the GSE182109 dataset in the GEO database and weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. Three machine learning algorithms (Lasso, SVM-RFE, Boruta) combined with COX regression were used to build prognostic models. The subsequent analysis included survival, immune microenvironments, and mutations. Finally, the clinical significance of NCPS in GBM was explored by constructing nomograms. Results: We constructed a GBM prognostic model composed of NCPS-related genes, including CTSD, AP1S1, YWHAG, and IER3, which were validated to have good performance. According to the above prognostic model, GBM patients in the TCGA and CGGA groups could be divided into two groups according to NCPS, with significant differences in survival analysis between the two groups and a markedly worse prognostic status in the high NCPS group (p 〈 0.001). In addition, the high NCPS group had higher levels of immune checkpoint-related gene expression, suggesting that they may be more likely to benefit from immunotherapy. Conclusions: Four genes (CTSD, AP1S1, YWHAG, and IER3) were screened through three machine learning algorithms to construct a prognostic model for GBM. These key and novel diagnostic markers may become new targets for diagnosing and treating patients with GBM.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12080988
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651993-8
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analysis of the LNAPL Migration Process in the Vadose Zone under Two Different Media Conditions
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 21 ( 2021-10-21), p. 11073-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 21 ( 2021-10-21), p. 11073-
    Abstract: This study focused on the processes of free infiltration, precipitation displacement, and natural attenuation of the LNAPL under the condition of near-surface leakage. Sandbox experiments were performed to explore the migration characteristics of LNAPL in the vadose zone with two media structures and the influences of the soil interface on the migration of LNAPL. The results indicate that the vertical migration velocity of the LNAPL infiltration front in medium and coarse sand was 1 order of magnitude higher than that in fine sand and that the LNAPL accumulated at the coarse–fine interface, which acted as the capillary barrier. Displacement of precipitation for LNAPL had little relationship with rainfall intensity and was obviously affected by medium particle size, where coarse sand (40.78%) 〉 medium sand (20.5%) 〉 fine sand (10%). The natural attenuation rate of the LNAPL in the vadose zone was related to the water content of the media; the natural attenuation rate of fine sand was higher. This study simulated the process of the LNAPL leakage from the near surface into the layered heterogeneous stratum, improved the understanding of the migration of the LNAPL under different stratum conditions, and can provide support for the treatment of LNAPL leakage events in the actual site.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111073
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Association of CDKN2BAS Polymorphism rs4977574 with Coronary Heart Disease: A Case-Control Study and a Meta-Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2014
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 15, No. 10 ( 2014-09-29), p. 17478-17492
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 10 ( 2014-09-29), p. 17478-17492
    Abstract: The goal of our study was to explore the significant association between a non-protein coding single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4977574 of CDKN2BAS gene and coronary heart disease (CHD). A total of 590 CHD cases and 482 non-CHD controls were involved in the present association study. A strong association of rs4977574 with CHD was observed in females (genotype: p = 0.002; allele: p = 0.002, odd ratio (OR) = 1.57, 95% confidential interval (CI) = 1.18–2.08). Moreover, rs4977574 was more likely to be a risk variant of CHD under the recessive model in females (χ2 = 10.29, p = 0.003, OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.31–2.77). A breakdown analysis by age had shown that there was an 87% increased risk of CHD for females younger than 65 years (genotype: χ2 = 14.64, degrees of freedom (df) = 2, p = 0.0002; allele: χ2 = 11.31, df = 1, p = 0.0008, OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.30–2.70). Similar observation was also found in males younger than 65 years (genotype: χ2 = 8.63, df = 2, p = 0.04; allele: χ2 = 7.55, df = 1, p = 0.006, OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.11–1.90). p values were adjusted by age, sex, smoking, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Meta-analysis of 23 studies among 36,452 cases and 39,781 controls showed a strong association between rs4977574 and the risk of CHD (p 〈 0.0001, OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.22–1.31).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms151017478
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Puerarin Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Ferroptosis via AMPK/PGC1α/Nrf2 Pathway after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2022-06-27), p. 1259-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2022-06-27), p. 1259-
    Abstract: Puerarin was shown to exert anti-oxidative and anti-ferroptosis effects in multiple diseases. The goal of this study was to explore the neuroprotective effect of puerarin on early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats. A total of 177 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were used. SAH was included via endovascular perforation. Intranasal puerarin or intracerebroventricular dorsomorphin (AMPK inhibitor) and SR18292 (PGC1α inhibitor) were administered. The protein levels of pAMPK, PGC1α, Nrf2, 4HNE, HO1, MDA, ACSL4, GSSG, and iron concentration in the ipsilateral hemisphere were significantly increased, whereas SOD, GPX4, and GSH were decreased at 24 h after SAH. Moreover, puerarin treatment significantly increased the protein levels of pAMPK, PGC1α, Nrf2, HO1, SOD, GPX4, and GSH, but decreased the levels of 4HNE, MDA, ACSL4, GSSG, and iron concentration in the ipsilateral hemisphere at 24 h after SAH. Dorsomorphin or SR18292 partially abolished the beneficial effects of puerarin exerted on neurological dysfunction, oxidative stress injury, and ferroptosis. In conclusion, puerarin improved neurobehavioral impairments and attenuated oxidative-stress-induced brain ferroptosis after SAH in rats. The neuroprotection acted through the activation of the AMPK/PGC1α/Nrf2-signaling pathway. Thus, puerarin may serve as new therapeutics against EBI in SAH patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071259
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Altitudinal Differentiation of Forest Resilience to Drought in a Dryland Mountain
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Forests Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2023-06-21), p. 1284-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2023-06-21), p. 1284-
    Abstract: Drought is one of the major climate disasters leading to forest degradation in dryland mountains. Hence, revealing the response of forest resilience to drought is crucial to predict forest succession in dryland mountains under future global warming. Here, we chose the Qilian Mountains as the study area and calculated the recovery time and drought intensity along elevation from 1982 to 2020 using the Leaf Area Index (LAI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). Then, the forest resilience to drought was calculated using the area of an exponentially fitted curve between drought intensity and corresponding recovery time. Finally, the dominant climate factors underlying altitude differentiation of forest resilience were analyzed using a random forest (RF) regression model, and correlations were determined based on a generalized additive model (GAM). The results indicate that forests in the elevation range of 2600–3900 m exhibited faster recovery rates and greater resilience compared to those in 1700–2600 m. The attributional analysis shows that altitudinal differentiation of forest resilience to drought was mainly constrained by precipitation with a non-monotonic correlation, and resilience was strongest when monthly precipitation reaches 30 mm. In terms of the occurrence of historical drought events, increased potential evapotranspiration improved resilience in the elevation range of 2600–3900 m and enhanced cloud cover initially enlarged the resilience and then decreased it in the elevation range of 3000–3400 m and 3400–3900 m, with resilience being strongest when cloud cover reached 24% and 33%, respectively. Under future climate change, global warming will further exacerbate the drought impact in arid regions, increasing the risk of primary forest collapse. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for predicting the potential changes in vegetation resilience and developing policies for ecological protection in dryland mountains, and we will take addressing the difficult study of the quantitative effects of tree species on resilience altitude differentiation based on ecosystem scales as our future direction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f14071284
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Industrial Structure Upgrading, Green Total Factor Productivity and Carbon Emissions
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2022-01-17), p. 1009-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2022-01-17), p. 1009-
    Abstract: Carbon emission reduction is becoming a global issue. Methods of reducing carbon emissions in developing countries have become a hot topic of discussion. Based on the obvious structural transformation in developing countries, this paper discusses the logical mechanisms among industrial structure upgrading, green total factor productivity improvements, and carbon emission reduction. In addition, this paper empirically tests these relationships with provincial data from 2000 to 2017 in China. The conclusions are as follows: (1) industrial structure upgrades have a significant impact on carbon emissions. The industrial structure rationalization remains a noteworthy inhibition on carbon emissions. The industrial structure’s advancement has obvious features of development at the current stage, and its effect on carbon emissions shows an inverted “V” trend, which is initially accelerating but then restraining. (2) Upgrades to industrial structures will decrease carbon emissions by raising green total factor productivity. (3) The rise of green total factor productivity in a certain region will have a relatively obvious inhibitory effect on carbon emissions, but it will exhibit a negative spatial spillover effect on the adjacent areas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su14021009
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Semi-Spontaneous Post-Crosslinking Triblock Copolymer Electrolyte for Solid-State Lithium Battery
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Batteries Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2023-09-13), p. 465-
    Details
    In: Batteries, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2023-09-13), p. 465-
    Abstract: The solid polymer electrolyte is a promising candidate for solid-state lithium battery because of favorable interfacial contact, good processability and economic availability. However, its application is limited because of low ionic conductivity and insufficient mechanical strength. In this study, the delicate molecular structural design was realized via controlled / “living” radical polymerization in order to decouple the trade-off between ionic conductivity and mechanical strength. The random and triblock copolymer electrolytes were designed and synthesized to investigate the influence of molecular structure on ionic conduction, while a chemical cross-linking network was constructed via a semi-spontaneous post-crosslinking reaction. Compared with a random counterpart, the triblock copolymer electrolyte presented stronger chain segment motion and a liquid-like mechanical response due to the independent ion-conducting block, resulting in significantly improved ionic conductivity (from 6.29 ± 1.11 × 10−5 to 9.57 ± 2.82 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 60 °C) and cell performance. When assembled with LiFePO4 and lithium metal electrodes, the cell with triblock copolymer electrolyte showed significantly improved rate performance (150 mAh g−1 at 1 C) and cycling life (200 cycles with 92.8% capacity retention at 1 C). This study demonstrates the advantages of molecular structure regulation on ionic conduction and mechanical support, which may provide new insights for the future design of solid polymer electrolytes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2313-0105
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/batteries9090465
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813972-0
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nur77 Mediates the Lethal Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Therapeutic Efficacy of Cryptomeridiol in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cells Vol. 11, No. 23 ( 2022-12-01), p. 3870-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 23 ( 2022-12-01), p. 3870-
    Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) commonly possesses chronical elevation of IRE1α-ASK1 signaling. Orphan nuclear receptor Nur77, a promising therapeutic target in various cancer types, is frequently silenced in HCC. In this study, we show that cryptomeridiol (Bkh126), a naturally occurring sesquiterpenoid derivative isolated from traditional Chinese medicine Magnolia officinalis, has therapeutic efficacy in HCC by aggravating the pre-activated UPR and activating the silenced Nur77. Mechanistically, Nur77 is induced to sense IRE1α-ASK1-JNK signaling and translocate to the mitochondria, which leads to the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm). The Bkh126-induced aggravation of ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction result in increased cytotoxic product of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The in vivo anti-HCC activity of Bkh126 is superior to that of sorafenib, currently used to treat advanced HCC. Our study shows that Bkh126 induces Nur77 to connect ER stress to mitochondria-mediated cell killing. The identification of Nur77 as a molecular target of Bhk126 provides a basis for improving the leads for the further development of anti-HCC drugs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells11233870
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Feature Extraction Method for Seizure Detection Based on Multi-Site Synchronous Changes and Edge Detection Algorithm
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Brain Sciences Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-12-27), p. 52-
    Details
    In: Brain Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-12-27), p. 52-
    Abstract: Automatic detection of epileptic seizures is important in epilepsy control and treatment, and specific feature extraction assists in accurate detection. We developed a feature extraction method for seizure detection based on multi-site synchronous changes and an edge detection algorithm. We investigated five chronic temporal lobe epilepsy rats with 8- and 12-channel detection sites in the hippocampus and limbic system. Multi-site synchronous changes were selected as a specific feature and implemented as a seizure detection method. For preprocessing, we used magnitude-squared coherence maps and Canny edge detection algorithm to find the frequency band with the most significant change in synchronization and the important channel pairs. In detection, we used the maximal cross-correlation coefficient as an indicator of synchronization and the correlation coefficient curves’ average value and standard deviation as two detection features. The method achieved high performance, with an average 96.60% detection rate, 2.63/h false alarm rate, and 1.25 s detection delay. The experimental results show that synchronization is an appropriate feature for seizure detection. The magnitude-squared coherence map can assist in selecting a specific frequency band and channel pairs to enhance the detection result. We found that individuals have a specific frequency band that reflects the most significant synchronization changes, and our method can individually adjust parameters and has good detection performance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010052
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651993-8
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