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  • MDPI AG  (6)
  • Gao, Jie  (6)
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  • MDPI AG  (6)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Effects of n-3 PUFA Supplementation on Bone Metabolism Markers and Body Bone Mineral Density in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of RCTs
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 15, No. 12 ( 2023-06-19), p. 2806-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 12 ( 2023-06-19), p. 2806-
    Abstract: Supplemental n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on bone metabolism have yielded inconsistent results. This study aimed to examine the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation on bone metabolism markers and bone mineral density through a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases, updated to 1 March 2023. The intervention effects were measured as standard mean differences (SMD) and mean differences (MD). Additionally, n-3 PUFA with the untreated control, placebo control, or lower-dose n-3 PUFA supplements were compared, respectively. Further, 19 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (22 comparisons, n = 2546) showed that n-3 PUFA supplementation significantly increased blood n-3 PUFA (SMD: 2.612; 95% CI: 1.649 to 3.575). However, no significant effects were found on BMD, CTx-1, NTx-1, BAP, serum calcium, 25(OH)D, PTH, CRP, and IL-6. Subgroup analyses showed significant increases in femoral neck BMD in females (0.01, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.02), people aged 〈 60 years (0.01, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.01), and those people in Eastern countries (0.02, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.03), and for 25(OH)D in people aged ≥60 years (0.43, 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.74), treated with n-3 PUFA only (0.36, 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.66), and in studies lasting ≤6 months (0.29, 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.47). NTx-1 decreased in both genders (−9.66, 95% CI: −15.60 to −3.71), and serum calcium reduction was found in studies lasting 〉 6 months (−0.19, 95% CI: −0.37 to −0.01). The present study demonstrated that n-3 PUFA supplementation might not have a significant effect on bone mineral density or bone metabolism markers, but have some potential benefits for younger postmenopausal subjects in the short term. Therefore, additional high-quality, long-term randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are warranted to fully elucidate the potential benefits of n-3 PUFA supplementation, as well as the combined supplementation of n-3 PUFA, on bone health.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu15122806
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of Tip Clearance on Flow Field and Heat Transfer Characteristics in a Large Meridional Expansion Turbine
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Energies Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2019-01-04), p. 162-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2019-01-04), p. 162-
    Abstract: The large meridional expansion turbine stator leads to complex secondary flows and heat transfer characteristics in the blade endwall region, while the upstream tip clearance leakage flow of the rotor makes it more complex in flow and heat transfer. The influence of the upstream rotor tip clearance on the large meridian expansion stator is worth studying. The flow and heat transfer characteristics of the downstream large meridional expansion turbine stator were studied by comparing the tip leakage flow of 1.5-stage shrouded and unshrouded turbines using a three-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solver for viscous turbulent flows. Validation studies were performed to investigate the aerodynamics and heat transfer prediction ability of the shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model. The influence of different tip clearances of the rotor including unshrouded blade heights of 0%, 1% and 5% and a 1% shrouded blade height were investigated through numerical simulation. The results showed that the upper passage vortex separation was more serious and the separation, and attachment point of horseshoe vortex in the pressure side were significantly more advanced than that of non-expansion turbines. The tip leakage vortex obviously increased the negative incidence angle at the downstream inlet. Furthermore, the strength of the high heat transfer zone on the suction surface of the downstream stator was significantly increased, while that of the shrouded rotor decreased.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en12010162
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Novel Rotor Position Observer for Sensorless Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Adaptive Generalized Second-Order Integrator
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Machines Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2022-08-31), p. 751-
    Details
    In: Machines, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2022-08-31), p. 751-
    Abstract: In order to realize sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with high performance in low speed region, a novel rotor position observer scheme based on finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) is presented in this paper. Firstly, the FCS-MPC is used to predict the current and drive the PMSM by selecting the optimal control quantity that minimizes the cost function. Next, an adaptive second-order generalized integrator (ASOGI) with adaptive center frequency adjustment was designed to replace the band-pass filter (BPF) in the rotor position observer. The ASOGI can calculate the high frequency value that can be used for position estimation by the controller switching frequency. The current ripple inherent in the FCS-MPC is considered as the response current obtained by the high frequency injection (HFI) method. The current ripple after ASOGI filtering is input to the phase-locked loop (PLL) for phase locking to obtain the estimated rotor position. In addition, adaptive linear (Adaline) neural networks are used to identify sensitive motor parameters online to avoid mismatch of model parameters, which causes degradation of control performance. Simulation experiments and hardware experiments show that this scheme is excellent in both static and dynamic conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-1702
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/machines10090751
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704328-9
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification of Metabonomics Changes in Longissimus Dorsi Muscle of Finishing Pigs Following Heat Stress through LC-MS/MS-Based Metabonomics Method
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Animals Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2020-01-13), p. 129-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2020-01-13), p. 129-
    Abstract: Heat stress (HS) negatively affects meat quality by affecting material and energy metabolism, and exploring the mechanism underlying the muscle response to chronic HS in finishing pigs is important for the global pork industry. This study investigated changes in the metabolic profiles of the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of finishing pigs under high temperature using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) and multivariate data analysis (MDA). Castrated male DLY pigs (Duroc × Landrance × Yorkshire pigs, n = 24) from 8 litters were divided into three treatment groups: constant optimal ambient temperature at 22 °C and ad libitum feeding (CR, n = 8); constant high ambient temperature at 30 °C and ad libitum feeding (HS, n = 8); and constant optimal ambient temperature 22 °C and pair-feeding to the control pigs (PF, n = 8). The metabolic profile data from LD muscle samples were analyzed by MDA and external search engines. Nine differential metabolites (L-carnosine, acetylcholine, inosinic acid, L-carnitine, L-anserine, L-α-glycerylphosphorylcholine, acetylcarnitine, thiamine triphosphate, and adenosine thiamine diphosphate) were involved in antioxidant function, lipid metabolism, and cell signal transduction, which may decrease post mortem meat quality and play important roles in anti-HS. Four metabolites (L-carnosine, acetylcholine, inosinic acid, and L-carnitine) were verified, and it was indicated that the muscle L-carnitine content was significantly lower in HS than in CR (p 〈 0.01). The results show that constant HS affects the metabolites in the LD muscle and leads to coordinated changes in the endogenous antioxidant defense and meat quality of finishing pigs. These metabonomics results provide a basis for researching nutritional strategies to reduce the negative effects of heat stress on livestock and present new insights for further research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani10010129
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Two Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) WRKY Transcription Factors Promote Aluminum Tolerance via the Reduction in Callose Deposition
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 12 ( 2023-06-17), p. 10288-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 12 ( 2023-06-17), p. 10288-
    Abstract: Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a primary limiting factor for crop production in acidic soils. The WRKY transcription factors play important roles in regulating plant growth and stress resistance. In this study, we identified and characterized two WRKY transcription factors, SbWRKY22 and SbWRKY65, in sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Al induced the transcription of SbWRKY22 and SbWRKY65 in the root apices of sweet sorghum. These two WRKY proteins were localized in the nucleus and exhibited transcriptional activity. SbWRKY22 showed the significant transcriptional regulation of SbMATE, SbGlu1, SbSTAR1, SbSTAR2a, and SbSTAR2b, which are major known Al tolerance genes in sorghum. Interestingly, SbWRKY65 had almost no effect on the aforementioned genes, but it significantly regulated the transcription of SbWRKY22. Therefore, it is speculated that SbWRKY65 might indirectly regulate Al-tolerance genes mediated by SbWRKY22. The heterologous expression of SbWRKY22 and SbWRKY65 greatly improved the Al tolerance of transgenic plants. The enhanced Al tolerance phenotype of transgenic plants is associated with reduced callose deposition in their roots. These findings suggest the existence of SbWRKY22- and SbWRKY65-mediated Al tolerance regulation pathways in sweet sorghum. This study extends our understanding of the complex regulatory mechanisms of WRKY transcription factors in response to Al toxicity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210288
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mechanical, Electrochemical, and Osteoblastic Properties of Gradient Tantalum Coatings on Ti6Al4V Prepared by Plasma Alloying Technique
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Coatings Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2021-05-25), p. 631-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2021-05-25), p. 631-
    Abstract: Plasma alloying technique capable of producing metallic coatings with metallurgical bonding has attracted much attention in dental and orthopedic fields. In this study, the effects of temperature and time of plasma tantalum (Ta) alloying technique on the mechanical, electrochemical, and osteoblastic properties of Ta coatings were systematically investigated. Ta coatings prepared at 800 °C possess better interfacial strengths than those prepared at 750 and 850 °C, and the interfacial strength increases with prolonged alloying time (30–120 min). At 800 °C, however, the increased proportion of the soft Ta deposition layer with alloying time in the whole coating impairs the surface mechanical properties of the entire coating, as convinced by decreased microhardness and wear resistance. Moreover, Ta coatings exhibit better corrosion resistance than the Ti6Al4V substrate in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium. The enhanced adhesion and extracellular matrix mineralization level of osteoblasts demonstrate the better cytocompatibility and osteogenic activity of the Ta coating. Ta30 (Ta coating prepared at 800 °C for 30 min) exhibits excellent mechanical, electrochemical, and osteoblastic behaviors and is promising in biomedical applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings11060631
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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