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  • Friedman, Shmulik P.  (5)
  • Geography  (5)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Negative Wien Effect Measurements for Exploring Polarization Processes of Cations Interacting with Negatively Charged Soil Particles
    Wiley ; 2009
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 73, No. 2 ( 2009-03), p. 569-578
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 73, No. 2 ( 2009-03), p. 569-578
    Abstract: The Wien effect, that is, the dependence of the electrical conductivity of dilute suspensions of soil particles on electrical field strength, was explored in the intermediate field‐strengths range of 0.9 × 10 6 to 5 × 10 6 V m −1 , at higher resolution than in previous studies. This enabled the detection of a local minimum in the electrical conductivity–field strength relationship in which the declining phase is termed the negative Wien effect. Suspensions of clay‐size soil particles of three soil types, with various mono‐, di‐, and trivalent cations, were tested. A negative Wien effect was observed with homoionic soil particles saturated with divalent cations, with electrodialyzed soil particles, and with suspensions of black soil particles that contained organic matter. Two quantifiers of the declining and increasing slopes: (i) polarizability (counter ion polarization and re‐adsorption); (ii) ion‐stripping intensity—on the respective sides of the local minimum were used for characterizing the interaction between the soil particles and the counter ions. The higher mean ion‐stripping intensities found for the Na + suspensions—twice those for the K + suspensions—reflect the easier stripping off of the Na cations and the stronger adsorption of the K cations. The mean ion‐stripping intensities of all divalent cations for the three soils were lower than those determined for the monovalent ones, which reflects the tighter binding of the divalent cations. The Ca 2+ and Zn 2+ ions were stripped off most easily from the surfaces of soil particles, and tighter binding was found for Pb 2+ to brown soil and black soil, and for Cd 2+ to yellow‐brown soil. In general, lower polarizabilities were correlated with higher ion‐stripping intensities (e.g., for Ca 2+ and Zn 2+ ). However, the exceptions (e.g., the polarizabilities of Cu 2+ and Pb 2+ ) shed more light on the interaction between the soil particles and the cations. The proposed method of characterization is superior to other methods for characterizing soil particle–counter ion interactions because it characterizes adsorption directly and not via exchange measurement, and it is less laborious than, for example, exchange isotherm measurements.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2008.0018
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2009
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2239747-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 196788-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481691-X
    SSG: 13
    SSG: 21
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Exploring the Distribution of Zn 2+ in Inner and Outer Helmholtz Planes of the Electrical Double Layer of Soil based on Wien Effect
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 83, No. 1 ( 2019-01), p. 97-106
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 83, No. 1 ( 2019-01), p. 97-106
    Abstract: Core Ideas Wien effect measurements assess adsorbed cations distribution over the Helmholtz planes of the electrical double layer. Assessing cation distributions in the electrical double layer improves bioavailability predictions for plant nutrients and pollutant metals. Most of the zinc adsorption takes place in the inner Helmholtz plane layer and occurs via chemical interactions. The classical electrical double layer (EDL) theory explains the interaction between ions and charged soil colloidal particles, playing an importance role in the bioavailability and toxicity of ions in soils, which are of agricultural and environmental concern. A new approach based on extrapolating measurements of suspension Wien effect is suggested to determine the adsorbed ions distribution in the different compartments of the EDL. The new approach was applied to assess Zn 2+ distribution in the EDL of Zn‐saturated soil colloids. The results showed that more than 84% of Zn 2+ was adsorbed via chemical interactions and located in the inner Helmholtz plane layer. The remaining Zn 2+ fraction was electrically adsorbed and distributed in the outer Helmholtz plane layer (0.3 to 2.1%) and in the Gouy–Chapman diffuse layer (7.4 to 15.0%). Independently, the results of linear combination fitting of extended x‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra indicated that the contents of outer‐sphere Zn in one paddy soil and the boggy soil were consistent with the proportions of Zn 2+ electrostatically interacting with the soil colloids based on the extrapolation of the suspension Wien effect method, while the contents of outer‐sphere Zn in a second paddy soil, the yellow cinnamon soil, and the yellow brown soil was overestimated by the EXAFS method. The approach proposed in this paper to assess specific and electrostatic adsorption deepens our understanding of metal sorption processes in soils and reinforces the adequacy of the Grahame–Stern–Gouy–Chapman model of the EDL to describe the ion distribution in the solid‐water interface.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2018.07.0272
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2239747-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 196788-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481691-X
    SSG: 13
    SSG: 21
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Binding and adsorption energy of Cd in soils and its environmental implication for Cd bioavailability
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 84, No. 2 ( 2020-03), p. 472-482
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 84, No. 2 ( 2020-03), p. 472-482
    Abstract: The interaction of Cd and other heavy metals with soil colloidal particles controls the sequestration, mobility and bioavailability of Cd in soils. In this study, the binding (△G bi ) and adsorption (△G ad ) energies of Cd on colloidal particles of 18 soils were determined by the Wien effect method. The binding energy of Cd on soil colloidal particles varied from 5.3 to 9.9 kJ mol −1 , depending on the soil characteristics including pH, Mn‐oxide content and dissolved organic carbon in the soil. The Cd adsorption energy correlated positively with Mn‐oxide content and pH. In parallel, the extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy was used to determine the speciation of Cd in Cd‐saturated soil samples, which revealed that the outer‐sphere Cd was the predominant species, accounting for 32.2–73.7% of the total adsorbed Cd, and positively correlated to the binding and adsorption energies. Humic acid‐Cd (10.4–42.2%) and montmorillonite‐Cd (2.5–51.2%) were also major species that were identified by EXAFS spectroscopy. The toxicity (log EC 50 ) of Cd in soils to three organisms (earthworm, Collembola and Chinese cabbage) was found to correlate positively with the binding energies, indicating the predictive capability of using binding energies of Cd in different soils as an indicator for evaluating Cd bioavailability and toxicity in soils.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/saj2.v84.2
    DOI: 10.1002/saj2.20034
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2239747-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 196788-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481691-X
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wien Effect Determination of Adsorption Energies between Heavy Metal Ions and Soil Particles
    Wiley ; 2008
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 72, No. 1 ( 2008-01), p. 56-62
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 72, No. 1 ( 2008-01), p. 56-62
    Abstract: Gibbs mean free adsorption energies between cations and charged soil particles are a measure of physicochemical interactions between ions and soil particles. The distribution of Gibbs free adsorption energies could not be determined experimentally before the development of Wien effect measurements in dilute soil suspensions. In the present study, energy relationships between heavy metal ions and particles of yellow‐brown and black soils (an Alfisol and a Mollisol) were inferred from Wien effect measurements in dilute suspensions, in deionized water, of homoionic soil particles ( 〈 2 μm) of the two soils saturated with ions of five heavy metals. The results show that the mean Gibbs free binding energies of the heavy metal ions with yellow‐brown and black soil particles diminish in the order Pb 2+ 〉 Zn 2+ ≥ Cu 2+ 〉 Cd 2+ 〉 Cr 3+ , where the range of binding energies for yellow‐brown soil (5.39–8.54 kJ mol −1 ) is less than that for black soil (8.39–9.88 kJ mol −1 ). The electrical field‐dependent mean Gibbs free adsorption energies of these heavy metal ions for yellow‐brown and black soils descend in the order Cu 2+ 〉 Cd 2+ 〉 Pb 2+ 〉 Zn 2+ 〉 Cr 3+ and Cu 2+ 〉 Zn 2+ 〉 Pb 2+ 〉 Cd 2+ 〉 Cr 3+ , respectively. The mean Gibbs free adsorption energies of Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ , Pb 2+ , and Cr 3+ at a field strength of 150 kV cm −1 , for example, are in the range of 0.5 to 2.1 kJ mol −1 for the two soils.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2007.0131
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 241415-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2239747-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 196788-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481691-X
    SSG: 13
    SSG: 21
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Soil Organic Matter on Sorption of Metal Ions on Soil Clay Particles
    Wiley ; 2015
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 79, No. 3 ( 2015-05), p. 794-802
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 79, No. 3 ( 2015-05), p. 794-802
    Abstract: Wien effect measurements were used to study the effect of organic matter on the interactions between divalent cations and soil clay particles of two black soil samples containing organic matter (OM) at 54.4 and 12.3 g kg −1 in the top (0–20‐cm) and bottom (100–120‐cm) horizons, respectively, and a sample of OM‐free black soil, all saturated with Cd 2+ , Cu 2+ , Pb 2+ , and with Ca 2+ as a reference cation. The weak‐field electrical conductivities of suspensions of the top and bottom horizons and OM‐free black soil samples were 0.021 to 0.033, 0.011 to 0.021, and 0.0065 to 0.0082 mS cm −1 , respectively. The mean free binding energies of the cations in the same soil sample suspensions were 5.5 to 7.3, 7.3 to 9.3, and 9.6 to 10 kJ mol −1 , respectively. The mean free adsorption energies of all cations increased with field strength and were in the order OM‐free 〉 bottom horizon 〉 top horizon. At field strengths 〉 100 kV cm −1 , in the top‐horizon soil, the adsorption energies of Ca were 0.21 to 0.72 kJ mol −1 , those of Cd and Cu were similar to one another at 0.01 to 0.25 kJ mol −1 , and those of Pb were close to zero, while in the bottom horizon soil, the adsorption energies of the various cations were in descending order: Ca 〉 Cd 〉 Pb 〉 Cu, and in the OM‐free soil the order of the adsorption energies of the various cations were Cd ≈ Cu ≈ Ca 〉 Pb. The humus basically increased the negative electrokinetic potentials of the clay‐size‐fraction particles of the three black soil samples saturated with Ca, Cd, Cu, or Pb.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2014.06.0245
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 241415-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2239747-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 196788-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481691-X
    SSG: 13
    SSG: 21
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
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