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Atmospheric histories and global emissions of halons H‐1211 (CBrClF 2 ), H‐1301 (CBrF 3 ), and H‐2402 (CBrF 2 CBrF 2 )

Vollmer, Martin K. ; Mühle, Jens ; Trudinger, Cathy M. ; [et al.]

American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2016

In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 121, No. 7 ( 2016-04-16), p. 3663-3686

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In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 121, No. 7 ( 2016-04-16), p. 3663-3686

Abstract: Halon measurements were combined from two large networks and from air archives Complete atmospheric histories for these halons are reported for both hemispheres Complete global emission estimates and a regional H‐2402 emission pattern are reported on

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 2169-897X , 2169-8996

URL: Issue

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1002/jgrd.v121.7

DOI: 10.1002/2015JD024488

Language: English

Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Publication Date: 2016

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HFC-43-10mee atmospheric abundances and global emission estimates : ARNOLD ET. AL.; HFC-43-10mee IN THE GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE

Arnold, Tim ; Ivy, Diane J. ; Harth, Christina M. ; [et al.]

American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2014

In: Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 41, No. 6 ( 2014-03-28), p. 2228-2235

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In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 41, No. 6 ( 2014-03-28), p. 2228-2235

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0094-8276

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1002/2013GL059143

Language: English

Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Publication Date: 2014

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SSG: 16,13

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Atmospheric histories and global emissions of the anthropogenic hydrofluorocarbons HFC-365mfc, HFC-245fa, HFC-227ea, and HFC-236fa

Vollmer, Martin K. ; Miller, Benjamin R. ; Rigby, Matthew ; [et al.]

American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2011

In: Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 116, No. D8 ( 2011-04-22)

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In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 116, No. D8 ( 2011-04-22)

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0148-0227

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1029/2010JD015309

Language: English

Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)

Publication Date: 2011

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SSG: 16,13

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Unexpected nascent atmospheric emissions of three ozone-depleting hydrochlorofluorocarbons

Vollmer, Martin K. ; Mühle, Jens ; Henne, Stephan ; [et al.]

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2021

In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 118, No. 5 ( 2021-02-02)

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In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 118, No. 5 ( 2021-02-02)

Abstract: Global and regional atmospheric measurements and modeling can play key roles in discovering and quantifying unexpected nascent emissions of environmentally important substances. We focus here on three hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) that are restricted by the Montreal Protocol because of their roles in stratospheric ozone depletion. Based on measurements of archived air samples and on in situ measurements at stations of the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) network, we report global abundances, trends, and regional enhancements for HCFC-132b ( C H 2 C l C C l F 2 ), which is newly discovered in the atmosphere, and updated results for HCFC-133a ( C H 2 C l C F 3 ) and HCFC-31 ( C H 2 ClF). No purposeful end-use is known for any of these compounds. We find that HCFC-132b appeared in the atmosphere 20 y ago and that its global emissions increased to 1.1 Gg ⋅ y −1 by 2019. Regional top-down emission estimates for East Asia, based on high-frequency measurements for 2016–2019, account for ∼ 95% of the global HCFC-132b emissions and for ∼ 80% of the global HCFC-133a emissions of 2.3 Gg ⋅ y −1 during this period. Global emissions of HCFC-31 for the same period are 0.71 Gg ⋅ y −1 . Small European emissions of HCFC-132b and HCFC-133a, found in southeastern France, ceased in early 2017 when a fluorocarbon production facility in that area closed. Although unreported emissive end-uses cannot be ruled out, all three compounds are most likely emitted as intermediate by-products in chemical production pathways. Identification of harmful emissions to the atmosphere at an early stage can guide the effective development of global and regional environmental policy.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490

URL: Article

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010914118

RVK:

TA 1000

RVK:

WA 15000

Language: English

Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Publication Date: 2021

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Atmospheric histories and emissions of chlorofluorocarbons CFC-13 (CClF〈sub〉3〈/sub〉), ΣCFC-114 (C〈sub〉2〈/sub〉Cl〈sub〉2〈/sub〉F〈sub〉4〈/sub〉), and CFC-115 (C〈sub〉2〈/sub〉ClF〈sub〉5〈/sub〉)

Vollmer, Martin K. ; Young, Dickon ; Trudinger, Cathy M. ; [et al.]

Copernicus GmbH ; 2018

In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 18, No. 2 ( 2018-01-25), p. 979-1002

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In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 18, No. 2 ( 2018-01-25), p. 979-1002

Abstract: Abstract. Based on observations of the chlorofluorocarbons CFC-13 (chlorotrifluoromethane), ΣCFC-114 (combined measurement of both isomers of dichlorotetrafluoroethane), and CFC-115 (chloropentafluoroethane) in atmospheric and firn samples, we reconstruct records of their tropospheric histories spanning nearly 8 decades. These compounds were measured in polar firn air samples, in ambient air archived in canisters, and in situ at the AGAGE (Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment) network and affiliated sites. Global emissions to the atmosphere are derived from these observations using an inversion based on a 12-box atmospheric transport model. For CFC-13, we provide the first comprehensive global analysis. This compound increased monotonically from its first appearance in the atmosphere in the late 1950s to a mean global abundance of 3.18 ppt (dry-air mole fraction in parts per trillion, pmol mol−1) in 2016. Its growth rate has decreased since the mid-1980s but has remained at a surprisingly high mean level of 0.02 ppt yr−1 since 2000, resulting in a continuing growth of CFC-13 in the atmosphere. ΣCFC-114 increased from its appearance in the 1950s to a maximum of 16.6 ppt in the early 2000s and has since slightly declined to 16.3 ppt in 2016. CFC-115 increased monotonically from its first appearance in the 1960s and reached a global mean mole fraction of 8.49 ppt in 2016. Growth rates of all three compounds over the past years are significantly larger than would be expected from zero emissions. Under the assumption of unchanging lifetimes and atmospheric transport patterns, we derive global emissions from our measurements, which have remained unexpectedly high in recent years: mean yearly emissions for the last decade (2007–2016) of CFC-13 are at 0.48 ± 0.15 kt yr−1 (〉 15 % of past peak emissions), of ΣCFC-114 at 1.90 ± 0.84 kt yr−1 (∼ 10 % of peak emissions), and of CFC-115 at 0.80 ± 0.50 kt yr−1 (〉 5 % of peak emissions). Mean yearly emissions of CFC-115 for 2015–2016 are 1.14 ± 0.50 kt yr−1 and have doubled compared to the 2007–2010 minimum. We find CFC-13 emissions from aluminum smelters but if extrapolated to global emissions, they cannot account for the lingering global emissions determined from the atmospheric observations. We find impurities of CFC-115 in the refrigerant HFC-125 (CHF2CF3) but if extrapolated to global emissions, they can neither account for the lingering global CFC-115 emissions determined from the atmospheric observations nor for their recent increases. We also conduct regional inversions for the years 2012–2016 for the northeastern Asian area using observations from the Korean AGAGE site at Gosan and find significant emissions for ΣCFC-114 and CFC-115, suggesting that a large fraction of their global emissions currently occur in northeastern Asia and more specifically on the Chinese mainland.

Type of Medium: Online Resource

ISSN: 1680-7324

URL: Article

DOI: 10.5194/acp-18-979-2018

DOI: 10.5194/acp-18-979-2018-supplement

Language: English

Publisher: Copernicus GmbH

Publication Date: 2018

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