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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    PIRATA: A Sustained Observing System for Tropical Atlantic Climate Research and Forecasting
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2019
    In:  Earth and Space Science Vol. 6, No. 4 ( 2019-04), p. 577-616
    Details
    In: Earth and Space Science, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 6, No. 4 ( 2019-04), p. 577-616
    Abstract: We describe the sustained tropical Atlantic observing system PIRATA maintained through a multinational cooperative program in ocean science Major scientific results and accomplishments obtained from the last 10 years are presented The potential role of PIRATA in a future Tropical Atlantic Observing System is described
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2333-5084 , 2333-5084
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2018EA000428
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2807271-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Strong Atlantic Meridional Mode Event in 2009: The Role of Mixed Layer Dynamics*
    American Meteorological Society ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 25, No. 1 ( 2012-01-01), p. 363-380
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 25, No. 1 ( 2012-01-01), p. 363-380
    Abstract: In the first half of 2009, anomalous cooling of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the equatorial North Atlantic (ENA; 2°–12°N) triggered a strong Atlantic meridional mode event. During its peak in April–May, SSTs in the ENA were 1°C colder than normal and SSTs in the equatorial South Atlantic (5°S–0°) were 0.5°C warmer than normal. Associated with the SST gradient were anomalous northerly winds, an anomalous southward shift of the intertropical convergence zone, and severe flooding in Northeast Brazil. This study uses in situ and satellite observations to examine the mechanisms responsible for the anomalous cooling in the ENA during boreal winter and spring of 2009. It is found that the cooling was initiated by stronger than normal trade winds during January and February 2009 associated with an anomalous strengthening of the subtropical North Atlantic high pressure system. Between 6° and 12°N, unusually strong trade winds cooled the ocean through wind-induced evaporation and deepened the mixed layer anomalously by 5–20 m. Closer to the equator, surface equatorial winds responded to the anomalous interhemispheric SST gradient, becoming northwesterly between the equator and 6°N. The anomalous winds drove upwelling of 0.5–1 m day−1 during March–April, a period when there is normally weak downwelling. The associated vertical turbulent heat flux at the base of the mixed layer led to unusually cool SSTs in the central basin, further strengthening the anomalous interhemispheric SST gradient. These results emphasize the importance of mixed layer dynamics in the evolution of the meridional mode event of 2009 and the potential for positive coupled feedbacks between wind-induced upwelling and SST in the ENA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00150.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2012
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Abrupt equatorial wave-induced cooling of the Atlantic cold tongue in 2009 : ABRUPT COOLING OF ATLANTIC COLD TONGUE
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2010
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 37, No. 24 ( 2010-12), p. n/a-n/a
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 37, No. 24 ( 2010-12), p. n/a-n/a
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2010GL045522
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021599-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Seasonal mixed layer salinity balance of the tropical North Atlantic Ocean
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2008
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 113, No. C2 ( 2008-02-15)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 113, No. C2 ( 2008-02-15)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2007JC004178
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033040-6
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094197-0
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Unusually warm sea surface temperatures in the tropical North Atlantic during 2005
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2006
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 33, No. 19 ( 2006-10-05)
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 33, No. 19 ( 2006-10-05)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2006GL027394
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021599-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trends in Saharan dust and tropical Atlantic climate during 1980–2006
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2008
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 35, No. 20 ( 2008-10-25)
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 35, No. 20 ( 2008-10-25)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2008GL035042
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021599-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 7403-2
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ocean‐Atmosphere Interactions During Cyclone Nargis
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2009
    In:  Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union Vol. 90, No. 7 ( 2009-02-17), p. 53-54
    Details
    In: Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 90, No. 7 ( 2009-02-17), p. 53-54
    Abstract: Cyclone Nargis (Figure 1a) made landfall in Myanmar (formerly Burma) on 2 May 2008 with sustained winds of approximately 210 kilometers per hour, equivalent to a category 3–4 hurricane. In addition, Nargis brought approximately 600 millimeters of rain and a storm surge of 3–4 meters to the low‐lying and densely populated Irrawaddy River delta. In its wake, the storm left an estimated 130,000 dead or missing and more than $10 billion in economic losses. It was the worst natural disaster to strike the Indian Ocean region since the 26 December 2004 tsunami and the worst recorded natural disaster ever to affect Myanmar.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0096-3941 , 2324-9250
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2009EO070001
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 24845-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2118760-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 240154-X
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Seasonal salt budget of the northwestern tropical Atlantic Ocean along 38°W : SALT BUDGET OF THE NORTHWEST TROPICAL ATLANTIC
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2004
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans Vol. 109, No. C3 ( 2004-03)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 109, No. C3 ( 2004-03)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2003JC002111
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033040-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094104-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2130824-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016813-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016810-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403298-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161666-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161667-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161665-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094268-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094181-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094197-0
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of Saharan Dust on Tropical North Atlantic SST*
    American Meteorological Society ; 2008
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 21, No. 19 ( 2008-10-01), p. 5048-5060
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 21, No. 19 ( 2008-10-01), p. 5048-5060
    Abstract: A combination of satellite and in situ datasets is used to investigate the impact of interannual changes in atmospheric dust content on the sea surface temperature (SST) of the tropical North Atlantic Ocean. Throughout most of the region the authors find, in agreement with previous studies, that positive anomalies of dust are associated with a significant reduction in surface shortwave radiation (SWR), while negative anomalies of dust are associated with an enhancement of SWR. Statistical analysis for 1984–2000 suggests that changes in dustiness in the tropical North Atlantic (10°–25°N, 20°–60°W) explained approximately 35% of the observed interannual SST variability during boreal summer, when climatological dust concentrations are highest. Measurements from a long-term moored buoy in the central tropical North Atlantic are used to investigate the causes of anomalously cool SST that occurred in conjunction with a period of enhanced dustiness at the start of the unexpectedly quiet 2006 hurricane season. It is found that surface SWR varied out of phase with dustiness, consistent with historical analyses. However, most of the anomalous cooling occurred prior to the period of enhanced dustiness and was driven primarily by wind-induced latent heat loss, with horizontal oceanic heat advection and SWR playing secondary roles. These results indicate that dust-induced changes in SWR did not play a major direct role in the cooling that led up to the 2006 Atlantic hurricane season.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0442 , 0894-8755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2008JCLI2232.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Seasonal Mixed Layer Heat Balance of the Southwestern Tropical Indian Ocean*
    American Meteorological Society ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 23, No. 4 ( 2010-02-15), p. 947-965
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 23, No. 4 ( 2010-02-15), p. 947-965
    Abstract: Sea surface temperature (SST) in the southwestern tropical Indian Ocean exerts a significant influence on global climate through its influence on the Indian summer monsoon and Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation. In this study, measurements from a long-term moored buoy are used in conjunction with satellite, in situ, and atmospheric reanalysis datasets to analyze the seasonal mixed layer heat balance in the thermocline ridge region of the southwestern tropical Indian Ocean. This region is characterized by a shallow mean thermocline (90 m, as measured by the 20°C isotherm) and pronounced seasonal cycles of Ekman pumping and SST (seasonal ranges of −0.1 to 0.6 m day−1 and 26°–29.5°C, respectively). It is found that surface heat fluxes and horizontal heat advection contribute significantly to the seasonal cycle of mixed layer heat storage. The net surface heat flux tends to warm the mixed layer throughout the year and is strongest during boreal fall and winter, when surface shortwave radiation is highest and latent heat loss is weakest. Horizontal heat advection provides warming during boreal summer and fall, when southwestward surface currents and horizontal SST gradients are strongest, and is close to zero during the remainder of the year. Vertical turbulent mixing, estimated as a residual in the heat balance, also undergoes a significant seasonal cycle. Cooling from this term is strongest in boreal summer, when surface wind and buoyancy forcing are strongest, the thermocline ridge is shallow ( & lt;90 m), and the mixed layer is deepening. These empirical results provide a framework for addressing intraseasonal and interannual climate variations, which are dynamically linked to the seasonal cycle, in the southwestern tropical Indian Ocean. They also provide a quantitative basis for assessing the accuracy of numerical ocean model simulations in the region.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0442 , 0894-8755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2009JCLI3268.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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