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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Effect of Isotonic Saline Nasal Lavages in Improving Symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case-Control Study
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Neurology Vol. 12 ( 2021-12-6)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Neurology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2021-12-6)
    Abstract: Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mainly colonizes nasopharynx. In upper airways acute infections, e.g., the common cold, saline nasal irrigations have a significant efficacy in reducing symptoms. The present study aimed to test the efficacy of nasal lavages in upper airways symptoms of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: A series of consecutive adult subjects who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 from December 2020 to February 2021 performed daily nasal lavages with saline solution (Lavonase®—Purling, Lugo di Romagna, Italy) for 12 days, starting on the day after the SARS-CoV-2 positive swab. A control group included a historical series of patients who were infected in February-March 2020 and who did not perform lavages. An ad hoc questionnaire regarding symptoms was administered to each subjects at base-line and 10 days after diagnosis (i.e., on the same day of the control swab) in both cases and controls. Results: A total of 140 subjects were enrolled. 68 participants in the treatment group and 72 in the control group were included. 90% of respondents declared the lavages were simple to use and 70% declared they were satisfied. Symptoms of blocked nose, runny nose, or sneezing decreased by an average of 24.7% after the treatment. Blocked nose and sneezing increased in the same period of time in the control group. Ears and eyes symptoms, anosmia/ageusia symptoms, and infection duration (10.53 days in the treatment group and 10.48 days in the control group) didn't vary significantly among the two groups. Conclusion: Nasal lavages resulted to significantly decrease nasal symptoms in newly diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 patients. These devices proved to be well-tolerated and easy to be used. Further studies on a larger number of subjects are needed in order to possibly confirm these preliminary results.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-2295
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.794471
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2564214-5
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  • 2
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    Early Negativization of SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Nasal Spray of Seawater plus Additives: The RENAISSANCE Open-Label Controlled Clinical Trial
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Pharmaceutics Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2022-11-18), p. 2502-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceutics, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2022-11-18), p. 2502-
    Abstract: Background: Non-hospitalized patients with asymptomatic or mild/moderate disease account for about 81% of COVID-19 patients, whose upper respiratory tract is affected since the early stages of the infection. Nasal irrigation or aerosol by isotonic or hypertonic saline solution is a traditional therapeutic approach for respiratory or nasal inflammation, also featured by prophylactic properties. Methods: We conducted a prospective open-label controlled study to assess the superiority of an already existing medication (Tonimer Lab Panthexyl 800)—a sterile hypertonic solution containing seawater, xylitol, panthenol and lactic acid—to reduce the viral shedding time in patients affected by asymptomatic or mild COVID-19. COVID-19 patients (N = 108) were split into two groups: a treatment arm (50 participants receiving standard of care plus nasal spray 3 times/day with Tonimer Lab Panthexyl 800) and a control arm (58 participants receiving standard of care but nasal spray with Tonimer Lab Panthexyl 800). The two groups, both testing initially positive for SARS-CoV-2 at real-time PCR (RT-PCR) on nasal swab, were followed up over time to assess the daily number of positive swab tests turning negative (study endpoint). Treatment effectiveness at various time lags since the first positive RT-PCR swab test was measured by rate of events in the experimental arm (EER) and in the control arm (CER), absolute risk increase (ARI) = (EER − CER), and number needed to treat (NNT) = (1/ARI). To investigate the endpoint, we used logistic and Cox regression models, expressing the result as odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI), respectively. The symptoms recorded with a modified COVID-Q questionnaire at both diagnosis and first negative antigenic swab test were compared in each group (treated versus controls) by exact symmetry test. Results: During the first five days of treatment, COVID-19 patients treated with Tonimer Lab Panthexyl 800 were more likely to become negative two days before controls. According to NNT, four subjects had to be treated for five days to achieve the study endpoint in one individual. The negativization rate in patients treated with Tonimer Lab Panthexyl 800 was significantly higher than patients’ treated with standard of care alone (OR = 7.39, 95%CI: 1.83–29.8; HR = 6.12, 95%CI: 1.76–21.32). There was no evidence of side effects. Conclusions: Nasal spray with Tonimer Lab Panthexyl 800 was effective against SARS-CoV-2, stopping viral shedding in the treatment arm two days before the control group. This treatment should be continued for at least five days after the first positive swab test for SARS-CoV-2.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4923
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112502
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527217-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 3
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    Prognostic value of H‐index in patients surgically treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology Vol. 6, No. 4 ( 2021-08), p. 729-737
    Details
    In: Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology, Wiley, Vol. 6, No. 4 ( 2021-08), p. 729-737
    Abstract: Recently, a novel host‐related index, the Host‐index (H‐index), including both inflammatory and nutritional markers, has been described and observed to stratify prognosis in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity more accurately than other host‐related indexes This study aimed to investigate the prognostic performance of the H‐index using pretreatment blood tests in patients receiving up‐front surgery for SCC of the larynx. Methods This retrospective observational study included a multicenter series of consecutive patients with SCC of the larynx diagnosed between 1 January 2009 and 31 July 2018, whose pretreatment blood tests were available and included the parameters necessary for the calculation of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the H‐index. Their association with disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was measured. Results A total of 231 patients were eligible for the present analysis (median [range] age, 68 [37‐96] years; 191 [82.7%] men). The median follow‐up was 73 months. In multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models, increasing age (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] , 1.07 per year; 95% CI, 1.04‐1.09), advanced pT stage (aHR = 1.71 95% CI: 1.07‐2.71), and having close or positive surgical margins (aHR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.21‐3.33) were significantly associated with poor OS. Among blood parameters, a higher neutrophil count was a strong predictor of both worse DFS (aHR for recurrence/death = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.24‐4.40) and OS (aHR for death = 2.67; 95% CI: 1.51‐4.71). Among inflammatory blood indexes, while NLR was not significantly associated with DFS or OS, patients with H‐index ≥8.37 showed a higher aHR for both recurrence/death (2.82; 95% CI: 1.65‐4.79) and death (2.22; 95% CI: 1.26‐3.89). Conclusion In conclusion, the present study confirms the prognostic value of pretreatment H‐index, an easily measurable inflammatory and nutritional index, in patients with SCC of the larynx. Level of Evidence III
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2378-8038 , 2378-8038
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/lio2.v6.4
    DOI: 10.1002/lio2.603
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2851702-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Two-Year Prevalence and Recovery Rate of Altered Sense of Smell or Taste in Patients With Mildly Symptomatic COVID-19
    American Medical Association (AMA) ; 2022
    In:  JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery Vol. 148, No. 9 ( 2022-09-01), p. 889-
    Details
    In: JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, American Medical Association (AMA), Vol. 148, No. 9 ( 2022-09-01), p. 889-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2168-6181
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2022.1983
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    DataSheet_1.pdf
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Oncology Vol. 11 ( 2021-11-10)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Oncology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 11 ( 2021-11-10)
    Abstract: To date, no useful prognostic biomarker exists for patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC), a tumour with uncertain biological behaviour and subsequent unpredictable clinical course. We aim to investigate the prognostic significance of two recurrent somatic mutations (-124 C & gt;T and -146 C & gt;T) within the promoter of telomerase reverse transcriptase ( TERT ) gene and the impact of TERT single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2853669 in patients surgically treated for OCSCC. Methods The genetic frequencies of rs2853669, -124 C & gt;T and -146 C & gt;T as well as the telomere length were investigated in 144 tumours and 57 normal adjacent mucosal (AM) specimens from OCSCC patients. Results Forty-five tumours harboured TERT promoter mutations (31.3%), with -124 C & gt;T and -146 C & gt;T accounting for 64.4% and 35.6% of the alterations respectively. Patients with -124 C & gt;T TERT promoter mutated tumours had the shortest telomeres in the AM (p=0.016) and showed higher risk of local recurrence (hazard ratio [HR]:2.75, p=0.0143), death (HR:2.71, p=0.0079) and disease progression (HR:2.71, p=0.0024) with the effect being potentiated by the co-occurrence of T/T genotype of rs2853669. Conclusion -124 C & gt;T TERT promoter mutation as well as the T/T genotype of the rs2853669 SNP are attractive independent prognostic biomarkers in patients surgically treated for OCSCC, with the coexistence of these genetic variants showing a synergistic impact on the aggressiveness of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2234-943X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.782658
    DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.782658.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2649216-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 detection method based on nasal and nasopharyngeal lavage fluid: A pilot feasibility study
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology Vol. 6, No. 4 ( 2021-08), p. 646-649
    Details
    In: Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology, Wiley, Vol. 6, No. 4 ( 2021-08), p. 646-649
    Abstract: Nose and nasopharyngeal swab is the preferred and worldwide‐accepted method to detect the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) within the nose and nasopharynx. This method may be linked with possible difficulties, such as patient's discomfort or complications. This article shows a pilot study of SARS‐CoV‐2 detection with nasal and nasopharyngeal lavage fluids (level of evidence: 3). Methods Nasal lavage fluid was collected from patients who were submitted to SARS‐CoV‐2 screening test, due to a preceding positive rapid antigen test. A control group was enrolled among health care professionals whose nasopharyngeal swab tested negative. Nasal lavages were performed using isotonic saline solution injected through a nasal fossa. Both lavage fluid and traditional nasopharyngeal swab were analyzed by real‐time (RT) PCR and antigenic test. Results A total of 49 positive subjects were enrolled in the study. Results of the analysis on lavages and nasopharyngeal swabs were concordant for 48 cases, regardless of the antigenic and molecular test performed. RT‐PCR resulted weakly positive at swab in one case and negative at lavage fluid. Among the control group (44 subjects), nasopharyngeal swab and lavage fluid analyses returned a negative result. Sensitivity of the molecular test based on nasal lavage fluid, compared to traditional nasal swab, was 97.7%, specificity was 100%, and accuracy was 98.9%, with high agreement (Cohen's κ, 0.978). Conclusion Nasal and nasopharyngeal lavages resulted to be highly reliable and well tolerated. A larger series is needed to confirm these results. This approach may potentially represent a valid alternative to the traditional swab method in selected cases. Level of Evidence 3.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2378-8038 , 2378-8038
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/lio2.v6.4
    DOI: 10.1002/lio2.625
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2851702-7
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Psychophysical assessment of olfactory and gustatory function in post‐mild COVID‐19 patients: A matched case‐control study with 2‐year follow‐up
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2023-10), p. 1864-1875
    Details
    In: International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, Wiley, Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2023-10), p. 1864-1875
    Abstract: The aim of this study was to psychophysically evaluate the prevalence of smell and taste dysfunction 2 years after mildly symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection compared to that observed at 1‐year follow‐up and while considering the background of chemosensory dysfunction in the no‐coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) population. Method This is a prospective case‐control study on 93 patients with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐positive SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and 93 matched controls. Self‐reported olfactory and gustatory dysfunction was assessed by 22‐item Sino‐Nasal‐Outcome Test (SNOT‐22), item “Sense of smell or taste.” Psychophysical orthonasal and retronasal olfactory function and gustatory performance were estimated using the extended Sniffin’ Sticks test battery, 20 powdered tasteless aromas, and taste strips test, respectively. Nasal trigeminal sensitivity was assessed by sniffing a 70% solution of acetic acid. Results The two psychophysical assessments of chemosensory function took place after a median of 409 days (range, 366–461 days) and 765 days (range, 739–800 days) from the first SARS‐CoV‐2–positive swab, respectively. At 2‐year follow‐up, cases exhibited a decrease in the prevalence of olfactory (27.9% vs. 42.0%; absolute difference, −14.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI], −21.8% to −2.6%; p  = 0.016) and gustatory dysfunction (14.0% vs. 25.8%; absolute difference, −11.8%; 95% CI, −24.2% to 0.6%; p  = 0.098). Subjects with prior COVID‐19 were more likely than controls to have an olfactory dysfunction (27.9% vs. 10.8 %; absolute difference, 17.2%; 95% CI, 5.2% to 28.8%) but not gustatory dysfunction (14.0% vs. 9.7%; absolute difference, 4.3%; 95% CI, −5.8% to 14.4% p  = 0.496) still 2 years after the infection. Overall, 3.2% of cases were still anosmic 2 years after the infection. Conclusions Although a proportion of subjects recovered from long‐lasting smell/taste dysfunction more than 1 year after COVID‐19, cases still exhibited a significant excess of olfactory dysfunction 2 years after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection when compared to matched controls.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2042-6976 , 2042-6984
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/alr.v13.10
    DOI: 10.1002/alr.23148
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2604059-1
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  • 8
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    Exploratory Study on Chemosensory Event-Related Potentials in Long COVID-19 and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Common Pathway?
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Bioengineering Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2023-03-19), p. 376-
    Details
    In: Bioengineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2023-03-19), p. 376-
    Abstract: People affected by the Long COVID-19 (LC) syndrome often show clinical manifestations that are similar to those observed in patients with mild cognitive impairments (MCI), such as olfactory dysfunction (OD), brain fog, and cognitive and attentional diseases. This study aimed to investigate the chemosensory-evoked related potentials (CSERP) in LC and MCI to understand if there is a common pathway for the similarity of symptoms associated with these disorders. Eighteen LC patients (mean age 53; s.d. = 7), 12 patients diagnosed with MCI (mean age 67; s.d. = 6), and 10 healthy control subjects (mean age 66; s.d. = 5, 7) were recruited for this exploratory study. All of them performed a chemosensory event-related potentials (CSERP) task with the administration of trigeminal stimulations (e.g., the odorants cinnamaldehyde and eucalyptus). Study results highlighted that MCI and LC showed reduced N1 amplitude, particularly in the left frontoparietal network, involved in working memory and attentional deficits, and a reduction of P3 latency in LC. This study lays the foundations for evaluating aspects of LC as a process that could trigger long-term functional alterations, and CSERPs could be considered valid biomarkers for assessing the progress of OD and an indicator of other impairments (e.g., attentional and cognitive impairments), as they occur in MCI.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2306-5354
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030376
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2746191-9
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