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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Measuring and Rigidity Moduli of GFRP Experimentally
    Ital Publication ; 2023
    In:  Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2023-08-01), p. 1912-1921
    Details
    In: Civil Engineering Journal, Ital Publication, Vol. 9, No. 8 ( 2023-08-01), p. 1912-1921
    Abstract: Although GFRP poles are widely accepted today due to their low cost and weight and high electrical and corrosion resistance, they suffer large deformations due to the low elastic and rigidity moduli (E & G) values of the GFRP. Accordingly, it is essential to accurately measure these values to estimate the actual deformation of the pole. This study presented a procedure to measure (E & G) values using three different tests on three sample sizes: full, scale pole, conic sample, and ad coupon sample, instead of using the manufacturer values as usual. This study is also concerned with the shear modulus value and when it can be neglected as usual in other traditional materials. The GRG optimization technique was used to analyze the results and determine the optimum values for (E & G) considering the results of the three tests. The results showed that the values of (E & G) are greatly affected by the sample’s size and shape, the slenderness ratio of the sample (L/r), and the shear deformation contribution. The critical slenderness ratio (L/r), corresponding to a shear deformation contribution of 10%, was determined for each test. This value is recommended as the upper boundary for any test that measures the (E & G) values. Testing several samples with different (L/r) values is also recommended to enhance accuracy. This study was concerned with determining the optimum values of elastic and rigidity moduli for GRFP poles compared to the manufacturer’s conservative values. The results indicated that the shear modulus can be neglected and the importance of the scale effect on the results of flexure and shear modulus. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-08-07 Full Text: PDF
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2476-3055 , 2676-6957
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-08-07
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Ital Publication
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2844355-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    FRP Poles: A State-of-the-Art-Review of Manufacturing, Testing, and Modeling
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Buildings Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2022-07-25), p. 1085-
    Details
    In: Buildings, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2022-07-25), p. 1085-
    Abstract: Fiber-reinforced polymers poles were on the increase because they were lightweight, have high strength-to-weight ratios, provide corrosion resistance, can be customized to meet strength and deflection requirements, and have a low life-cycle cost of construction and maintenance. This research presents a comprehensive review of all significant research and existing case studies to review the present knowledge concerning fiber-reinforced polymers poles. The main summary covers 70 works focusing on fiber poles to summarize recent activities on selected relevant topics and highlight possible future implementations. In this context, this study discusses fiber-reinforced polymers poles in six aspects: (i) introduction; (ii) methodology; (iii) Materials properties of FRP poles; (iv) manufacturing techniques of FRP poles; (v) testing of FRP poles (static and dynamic flexure test as cantilever beam); (vi) modeling of FRP poles. Therefore, this critical review will demonstrate an overview of FRP Poles manufacturing techniques (Pultrusion, filament winding, centrifugal process, and hand lay-up) and which Pultrusion technique is the best suited for FRP Poles. Static modeling was the most used of other techniques.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-5309
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/buildings12081085
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661539-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Behavior of Centrifuged GFRP Poles Under Lateral Deflection
    Ital Publication ; 2023
    In:  Civil Engineering Journal Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2023-06-01), p. 1389-1401
    Details
    In: Civil Engineering Journal, Ital Publication, Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2023-06-01), p. 1389-1401
    Abstract: Centrifugal-manufactured GFRP pipes are widely used today as lighting and low-power transmission poles due to their lightweight, high electrical insulation, low cost, and corrosion resistance. Despite these advantages, GFRP poles suffer high deflection problems due to their low elastic and shear moduli values. In order to overcome this disadvantage, three techniques were suggested to control the lateral deflection of the GFRP poles: an extended internal steel stub, external steel angles, and internal steel bracing bars. The main objective of this study is to determine the optimum strengthening technique to improve the serviceability of GFRP poles in terms of lateral deflection according to ASTM D4923. An experimental research program containing five full-scale GFRP poles was carried out to determine the optimum strengthening technique and the effect of connectors opening near the base and compare it to previous research. The results indicated that flexural stiffness was increased by 44%, 66%, and 38% for the extended stub, steel angles, and bracing bars, respectively. Besides that, the reduction in flexural stiffness due to connector opening was about 8%. The measured deflections showed good matching with simplified mathematical calculations, and the division was about ±10%. The external steel angle technique showed the best efficiency in Stiffness behavior. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-06-07 Full Text: PDF
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2476-3055 , 2676-6957
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-06-07
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Ital Publication
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2844355-X
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
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