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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Presence of Equine and Bovine Coronaviruses, Endoparasites, and Bacteria in Fecal Samples of Horses with Colic
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Pathogens Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2023-08-15), p. 1043-
    Details
    In: Pathogens, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2023-08-15), p. 1043-
    Abstract: Acute abdominal pain (colic) is one of the major equine health threats worldwide and often necessitates intensive veterinary medical care and surgical intervention. Equine coronavirus (ECoV) infections can cause colic in horses but are rarely considered as a differential diagnosis. To determine the frequency of otherwise undetected ECoV infections in horses with acute colic, fresh fecal samples of 105 horses with acute colic and 36 healthy control horses were screened for viruses belonging to the Betacoronavirus 1 species by RT-PCR as well as for gastrointestinal helminths and bacteria commonly associated with colic. Horses with colic excreted significantly fewer strongyle eggs than horses without colic. The prevalence of anaerobic, spore-forming, gram-positive bacteria (Clostridium perfringens and Clostridioides difficile) was significantly higher in the feces of horses with colic. Six horses with colic (5.7%) and one horse from the control group (2.8%) tested positive for Betacoronaviruses. Coronavirus-positive samples were sequenced to classify the virus by molecular phylogeny (N gene). Interestingly, in three out of six coronavirus-positive horses with colic, sequences closely related to bovine coronaviruses (BCoV) were found. The pathogenic potential of BCoV in horses remains unclear and warrants further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-0817
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081043
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2695572-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Porcine Circoviruses and Herpesviruses Are Prevalent in an Austrian Game Population
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Pathogens Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2022-02-28), p. 305-
    Details
    In: Pathogens, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2022-02-28), p. 305-
    Abstract: During the annual hunt in a privately owned Austrian game population in fall 2019 and 2020, 64 red deer (Cervus elaphus), 5 fallow deer (Dama dama), 6 mouflon (Ovis gmelini musimon), and 95 wild boars (Sus scrofa) were shot and sampled for PCR testing. Pools of spleen, lung, and tonsillar swabs were screened for specific nucleic acids of porcine circoviruses. Wild ruminants were additionally tested for herpesviruses and pestiviruses, and wild boars were screened for pseudorabies virus (PrV) and porcine lymphotropic herpesviruses (PLHV-1-3). PCV2 was detectable in 5% (3 of 64) of red deer and 75% (71 of 95) of wild boar samples. In addition, 24 wild boar samples (25%) but none of the ruminants tested positive for PCV3 specific nucleic acids. Herpesviruses were detected in 15 (20%) ruminant samples. Sequence analyses showed the closest relationships to fallow deer herpesvirus and elk gammaherpesvirus. In wild boars, PLHV-1 was detectable in 10 (11%), PLHV-2 in 44 (46%), and PLHV-3 in 66 (69%) of animals, including 36 double and 3 triple infections. No pestiviruses were detectable in any ruminant samples, and all wild boar samples were negative in PrV-PCR. Our data demonstrate a high prevalence of PCV2 and PLHVs in an Austrian game population, confirm the presence of PCV3 in Austrian wild boars, and indicate a low risk of spillover of notifiable animal diseases into the domestic animal population.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-0817
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030305
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2695572-6
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Active equine parvovirus‐hepatitis infection is most frequently detected in Austrian horses of advanced age
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Equine Veterinary Journal Vol. 54, No. 2 ( 2022-03), p. 379-389
    Details
    In: Equine Veterinary Journal, Wiley, Vol. 54, No. 2 ( 2022-03), p. 379-389
    Abstract: Equine parvovirus‐hepatitis (EqPV‐H) research is in its infancy. Information regarding prevalence, geographical distribution, genetic diversity, pathogenesis and risk factors enhances understanding of this potentially fatal infection. Objectives Determining the prevalence of EqPV‐H in Austrian equids. Investigating factors increasing probability of infection, liver‐associated biochemistry parameters, concurrent equine hepacivirus (EqHV) infection and phylogenetic analysis of Austrian EqPV‐H variants. Study design Cross‐sectional study. Methods Sera from 259 horses and 13 donkeys in Austria were analysed for anti‐EqPV‐H VP1‐specific antibodies by luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS) and EqPV‐H DNA by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Associations between infection status, sex and age were described. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT), bile acids and albumin concentrations were compared between horses with active infection and PCR‐negative horses. PCR targeting partial EqPV‐H NS1 was performed and phylogenetic analysis of Austrian EqPV‐H variants was conducted. Complete coding sequences (CDS) of four Austrian variants were determined by next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and compared with published sequences. Results Horses' EqPV‐H seroprevalence was 30.1% and DNA prevalence was 8.9%. One horse was co‐infected with EqHV. Significantly, higher probability of active EqPV‐H infection was identified in 16‐ to 31‐year‐old horses, compared with 1‐ to 8‐year‐old horses ( P  = 0.002; OR = 8.19; 95% CI = 1.79 to 37.50) and 9‐ to 15‐year‐old horses ( P  = 0.03; OR = 2.96; 95% CI = 1.08 to 8.17). Liver‐associated plasma parameters were not significantly different between horses with active infection and controls. Austrian EqPV‐H variants revealed high similarity to sequences worldwide. No evidence of EqPV‐H was detected in donkeys. Main limitations Equids’ inclusion depended upon owner consent. There was only one sampling point per animal and the sample of donkeys was small. Conclusions EqPV‐H antibodies and DNA are frequently detected in Austrian horses, without associated hepatitis in horses with active infection. The risk of active EqPV‐H infection increases with increasing age. Phylogenetic evidence supports close relation of EqPV‐H variants globally, including Austrian variants.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0425-1644 , 2042-3306
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/evj.v54.2
    DOI: 10.1111/evj.13444
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2205089-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New Emergence of the Novel Pestivirus Linda Virus in a Pig Farm in Carinthia, Austria
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Viruses Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2022-02-05), p. 326-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2022-02-05), p. 326-
    Abstract: Linda virus (LindaV) was first identified in a pig farm in Styria, Austria in 2015 and associated with congenital tremor (CT) type A-II in newborn piglets. Since then, only one more LindaV affected farm was retrospectively discovered 10 km away from the initially affected farm. Here, we report the recent outbreak of a novel LindaV strain in a farrow-to-finish farm in the federal state Carinthia, Austria. No connection between this farm and the previously affected farms could be discovered. The outbreak was characterized by severe CT cases in several litters and high preweaning mortality. A herd visit two months after the onset of clinical symptoms followed by a diagnostic workup revealed the presence of several viremic six-week-old nursery pigs. These animals shed large amounts of virus via feces and saliva, implying an important epidemiological role for within- and between-herd virus transmission. The novel LindaV strain was isolated and genetically characterized. The findings underline a low prevalence of LindaV in the Austrian pig population and highlight the threat when introduced into a pig herd. Furthermore, the results urge the need to better understand the routes of persistence and transmission of this enigmatic pestivirus in the pig population.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v14020326
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Retrospective Analysis of the Detection of Pathogens Associated with the Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex in Routine Diagnostic Samples from Austrian Swine Stocks
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Veterinary Sciences Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2023-10-02), p. 601-
    Details
    In: Veterinary Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2023-10-02), p. 601-
    Abstract: The diagnostic workup of respiratory disease in pigs is complex due to coinfections and non-infectious causes. The detection of pathogens associated with respiratory disease is a pivotal part of the diagnostic workup for respiratory disease. We aimed to report how frequently certain viruses and bacteria were detected in samples from pigs with respiratory symptoms in the course of routine diagnostic procedures. Altogether, 1975 routine diagnostic samples from pigs in Austrian swine stocks between 2016 and 2021 were analysed. PCR was performed to detect various pathogens, including porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) (n = 921), influenza A virus (n = 479), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) (n = 518), Mycoplasma (M.) hyopneumoniae (n = 713), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (n = 198), Glaesserella (G.) parasuis (n = 165) and M. hyorhinis (n = 180). M. hyorhinis (55.1%) had the highest detection rate, followed by PCV2 (38.0%) and Streptococcus (S.) suis (30.6%). PRRSV was detected most frequently in a pool of lung, tonsil and tracheobronchial lymph node (36.2%). G. parasuis was isolated more frequently from samples taken after euthanasia compared to field samples. PRRSV-positive samples were more likely to be positive for PCV2 (p = 0.001), M. hyopneumoniae (p = 0.032) and Pasteurella multocida (p 〈 0.001). M. hyopneumoniae-positive samples were more likely to be positive for P. multocida (p 〈 0.001) and S. suis (p = 0.046), but less likely for M. hyorhinis (p = 0.004). In conclusion, our data provide evidence that lung samples that were positive for a primary pathogenic agent were more likely to be positive for a secondary pathogenic agent.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2306-7381
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10100601
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2768971-2
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