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  • Defo, Maurice  (4)
  • Xiao, Zhe  (4)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Buildings Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2021-03-16), p. 117-
    In: Buildings, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2021-03-16), p. 117-
    Abstract: The moisture load in wall assemblies is typically considered as 1% of the Wind Driving Rain (WDR) load that is deposited on the surface of wall assemblies as specified in the ASHRAE-160 standard whereas this ratio has been shown to be inaccurate as compared to results derived from several watertightness tests. Accurate assessment of moisture loads arising from WDR can be obtained through the watertightness test during which different levels of WDR intensities and Driving Rain Wind Pressures (DRWPs) are applied to a test specimen and water that penetrates wall assembly can thus be quantified. Although many previous studies have included watertightness tests, only a few of these have attempted to correlate the moisture loads to WDR conditions as may occur in specific locations within a country. To improve the assessment of moisture loads for a vinyl-clad wall assembly, a wall test specimen was tested following a test protocol based on local climate data using National Research Council of Canada’s Dynamic Wind and Wall Testing Facility (DWTF). The use of this test protocol permitted quantifying the moisture load in the vinyl wall assembly when subjected to several different simulated WDR conditions. The moisture load was formulated as a function of the WDR intensity and DRWP which thereafter allowed evaluating the moisture load based on a given climate’s hourly rainfall intensity and wind velocity. Such work is particularly relevant considering that the intensity, duration and frequency of WDR events across Canada will in some regions increase due to the effects of climate change.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-5309
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661539-3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elsevier BV ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics Vol. 238 ( 2023-07), p. 105446-
    In: Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Elsevier BV, Vol. 238 ( 2023-07), p. 105446-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0167-6105
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2001287-1
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  • 3
    In: Buildings, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2021-07-30), p. 333-
    Abstract: Previous studies have shown that the effects of climate change on building structures will increase the mould growth risk of the wood-frame building envelope in many circumstances. This risk can be controlled by wind-driven rain deflection, improving water tightness of the exterior facade, and improving cladding ventilation. However, the effectiveness of these risk mitigation strategies are subject to various uncertainties, such as the uncertainties of wall component properties and micro-climatic conditions. The objective of this paper is to apply stochastic hygrothermal simulation to evaluate the mould growth risk of a brick veneer-clad wood-frame wall with a drainage cavity under historical and future climatic conditions of Ottawa, a Canadian city located in a cold climate zone. An extensive literature review was conducted to quantify the range of stochastic variables including rain deposition factor, rain leakage moisture source, cladding ventilation rate and material properties of brick. The randomised Sobol sequence-based sampling method, one of the Randomized Quasi-Monte Carlo (RQMC) methods, was applied for risk assessment and error estimation. It was found that, under the climatic condition of Ottawa, limiting the amount of wind-driven rain to which walls are subjected is a more robust mitigation measure than improving cladding ventilation in controlling mould growth risk, the improving of water tightness of exterior façade is not as robust as wind-driven rain deflection and cladding ventilation, however, the reduction of rainwater penetration can reduce the mould growth risk at different levels of rain deposition factor and cladding ventilation rate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-5309
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661539-3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    IOP Publishing ; 2022
    In:  IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science Vol. 1101, No. 6 ( 2022-11-01), p. 062007-
    In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, IOP Publishing, Vol. 1101, No. 6 ( 2022-11-01), p. 062007-
    Abstract: Mould may grow in wood frame wall assemblies when subjected to excessive moisture load over prolonged periods of time. To permit estimating the moisture risk in wood-frame wall assemblies, one approach is to use hygrothermal simulations. This process requires access to relevant climate data and as well, knowledge and experience regarding the use of hygrothermal simulation tools. As well, it may not be practical to undertake such an analysis for each different type of wall being considered for a given location and use. In this regard, the moisture index is usually considered when designing measures for protection from precipitation as it is a useful indicator that reflects the intensity and duration of moisture loads to which a building envelope may be subjected over time. Hence, in the study described in this paper, consideration was given to determining the correlation between mould growth index and moisture index as this would be beneficial to building practitioners in determining the level of protection to mould growth as may be achieved in different climate regions having a particular value for moisture index. The mould growth indices were generated for Oriented Strand Board (OSB) incorporated within a wood-frame vinyl-clad wall assembly located in selected Canadian cities from which moisture indices were derived. Effects of moisture load and air change rate were also taken into account when assessing the correlation between the two indices. The results indicate that when the air change rate and moisture load are favourable to maintain a humid environment, strong correlations were observed between the two indices, vice versa.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1755-1307 , 1755-1315
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2434538-6
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