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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Quantifying carbon for agricultural soil management: from the current status toward a global soil information system
    Informa UK Limited ; 2019
    In:  Carbon Management Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2019-11-02), p. 567-587
    Details
    In: Carbon Management, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2019-11-02), p. 567-587
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1758-3004 , 1758-3012
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2019.1633231
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Closing Research Investment Gaps for a Global Food Transformation
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems Vol. 5 ( 2021-11-30)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 5 ( 2021-11-30)
    Abstract: Recent calls for a global food transformation have centered on simultaneously improving human and environmental health, recognizing that food and nutrient diversity have declined over time while food systems have exacted a heavy climate and ecological toll. Grain legumes and coarse grain crops provide important human nutrition and environmental benefits, but the production and consumption of many of these crops remains relatively low compared to major commodities, such as maize, wheat, rice, and soy. Outstanding hurdles to scaling up these “minor commodity” crops include (among other things) their relatively lower yields, and lower farmer adoption, based partly on actual or perceived profitability and marketability. We hypothesize that these limitations are attributable in part to unequal funding for these crops' research and development (R & amp;D) both on a national and global scale. In the United States, we show that investment patterns for a snapshot of USDA-funded research grants from 2008 to 2019 consistently favor major commodity crops, which received 3 to 4.5 times more funding and 3 to 5 times as many grants than the minor commodity crop groups. This current USDA funding allocation poses a barrier to food system transformations. Achieving nutritious diets for planetary health requires more public agricultural investment toward minor commodity crops and increased collaboration between public health, nutrition, agriculture, and environmental sectors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2571-581X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.794594
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2928540-9
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  • 3
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    Impact of land use change on atmospheric P inputs in a tropical dry forest
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2011
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 116, No. G1 ( 2011-03-11)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 116, No. G1 ( 2011-03-11)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2010JG001403
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033040-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094104-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2130824-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016813-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016810-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403298-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161666-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161667-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161665-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094268-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094181-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094197-0
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 4
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    143 Impacts of soil carbon sequestration on life cycle greenhouse gas emissions in midwestern USA beef finishing systems
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Animal Science Vol. 97, No. Supplement_3 ( 2019-12-05), p. 147-148
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 97, No. Supplement_3 ( 2019-12-05), p. 147-148
    Abstract: Using life cycle analysis (LCA), several studies have concluded that grass-finished beef systems have greater GHG intensities than feedlot-finished (FL) beef systems. These studies evaluated only one grazing management system– continuous grazing – and assumed steady-state soil carbon (C), to model the grass-finishing environmental impact. However, by managing for more optimal forage growth and recovery, adaptive multi-paddock (AMP) grazing can improve animal and forage productivity, potentially sequestering more soil organic carbon (SOC) than continuous grazing. To examine impacts of AMP grazing and related SOC sequestration on net GHG emissions, a comparative LCA was performed of two different beef finishing systems in the Upper Midwest, USA: AMP grazing and FL. We used on-farm data collected from the Michigan State University Lake City AgBioResearch Center for AMP grazing. Impact scope included GHG emissions from enteric methane, feed production and mineral supplement manufacture, manure, and on-farm energy use and transportation, as well as the potential C sink arising from SOC sequestration. Across-farm SOC data showed a 4-year C sequestration rate of 3.59 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 in AMP grazed pastures. After including SOC in the GHG footprint estimates, finishing emissions from the AMP system were reduced from 9.62 to −6.65 kg CO2-e kg carcass weight (CW)−1, whereas FL emissions increased slightly from 6.09 to 6.12 kg CO2-e kg CW−1 due to soil erosion. This indicates that AMP grazing has the potential to offset GHG emissions through soil C sequestration, and therefore the finishing phase could be a net C sink. However, FL production required only half as much land as AMP grazing. This research suggests that AMP grazing can contribute to climate change mitigation through SOC sequestration and challenges existing conclusions that only feedlot-intensification reduces the overall beef GHG footprint through greater productivity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8812 , 1525-3163
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz258.302
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
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    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
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    Managing grazing lands to improve soils and promote climate change adaptation and mitigation: a global synthesis
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2018
    In:  Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems Vol. 33, No. 3 ( 2018-06), p. 267-278
    Details
    In: Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 33, No. 3 ( 2018-06), p. 267-278
    Abstract: The potential to improve soils to help farmers and ranchers adapt to and mitigate climate change has generated significant enthusiasm. Within this discussion, grasslands have surfaced as being particularly important, due to their geographic range, their capacity to store substantial quantities of carbon relative to cultivated croplands and their potential role in mitigating droughts and floods. However, leveraging grasslands for climate change mitigation and adaptation will require a better understanding of how farmers and ranchers who rely on them for their livelihoods can improve management and related outcomes. To investigate opportunities for such improvements, we conducted a meta-analysis of field experiments that investigated how soil water infiltration rates are affected by a range of management options: adding complexity to grazing patterns, reducing stocking rates or extended rest from grazing. Further, to explore the relationships between observed changes in soil water infiltration and soil carbon, we identified papers that reported data on both metrics. We found that in 81.9% of all cases, responses of infiltration rates to identified management treatments (response ratios) were above zero, with infiltration rates increasing by 59.3 ± 7.3%. Mean response ratios from unique management categories were not significantly different, although the effect of extended rest (67.9 ± 8.5%, n = 140 from 31 experiments) was slightly higher than from reducing stocking rates (42.0 ± 10.8%; n = 63 from 17 experiments) or adding complexity (34.0 ± 14.1%, n = 17 from 11 experiments). We did not find a significant effect of several other variables, including treatment duration, mean annual precipitation or soil texture; however, analysis of aridity indices suggested that grazing management may have a slightly larger effect in more humid environments. Within our database, we found that 42% of complexity studies, 41% of stocking rate studies and 29% of extended rest studies also reported at least some measure of soil carbon. Within the subset of cases where both infiltration rates and carbon were reported, response ratios were largely positive for both variables (at least 64% of cases had positive mean response ratios in all management categories). Overall, our findings reveal that a variety of management strategies have the potential to improve soil water infiltration rates, with possible benefits for soil carbon as well. However, we identified a shortage of well-replicated and detailed experiments in all grazing management categories, and call for additional research of both soil water and soil carbon properties for these critical agroecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1742-1705 , 1742-1713
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1742170517000588
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2068805-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
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    Ecological feedbacks following deforestation create the potential for a catastrophic ecosystem shift in tropical dry forest
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2007
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 104, No. 52 ( 2007-12-26), p. 20696-20701
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 104, No. 52 ( 2007-12-26), p. 20696-20701
    Abstract: The long-term ecological response to recurrent deforestation associated with shifting cultivation remains poorly investigated, especially in the dry tropics. We present a study of phosphorus (P) dynamics in the southern Yucatán, highlighting the possibility of abrupt shifts in biogeochemical cycling resulting from positive feedbacks between vegetation and its limiting resources. After three cultivation–fallow cycles, available soil P declines by 44%, and one-time P inputs from biomass burning decline by 76% from mature forest levels. Interception of dust-borne P (“canopy trapping”) declines with lower plant biomass and leaf area, limiting deposition in secondary forest. Potential leaching losses are greater in secondary than in mature forest, but the difference is very small compared with the difference in P inputs. The decline in new P from atmospheric deposition creates a long-term negative ecosystem balance for phosphorus. The reduction in soil P availability will feed back to further limit biomass recovery and may induce a shift to sparser vegetation. Degradation induced by hydrological and biogeochemical feedbacks on P cycling under shifting cultivation will affect farmers in the near future. Without financial support to encourage the use of fertilizer, farmers could increase the fallow period, clear new land, or abandon agriculture for off-farm employment. Their response will determine the regional balance between forest loss and forest regrowth, as well as the frequency of use and rate of recovery at a local scale, further feeding back on ecological processes at multiple scales.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0705005104
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2007
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    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    The State of Sustainable Agriculture and Agroecology Research and Impacts: A Survey of U.S. Scientists
    Lyson Center for Civic Agriculture and Food Systems ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development ( 2020-02-18), p. 1-26
    Details
    In: Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, Lyson Center for Civic Agriculture and Food Systems, ( 2020-02-18), p. 1-26
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2152-0801
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2020.092.009
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Lyson Center for Civic Agriculture and Food Systems
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2676287-0
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    The impact of changing moisture conditions on short-term P availability in weathered soils
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2013
    In:  Plant and Soil Vol. 365, No. 1-2 ( 2013-4), p. 201-209
    Details
    In: Plant and Soil, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 365, No. 1-2 ( 2013-4), p. 201-209
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0032-079X , 1573-5036
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s11104-012-1373-6
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478535-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208908-7
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Leveraging agroecology for solutions in food, energy, and water
    University of California Press ; 2017
    In:  Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene Vol. 5 ( 2017-01-01)
    Details
    In: Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, University of California Press, Vol. 5 ( 2017-01-01)
    Abstract: Global agriculture is facing growing challenges at the nexus of interconnected food, energy and water systems, including but not limited to persistent food insecurity and diet-related diseases; growing demands for energy and consequences for climate change; and declining water resources, water pollution, floods and droughts. Further, soil degradation and biodiversity loss are both triggers for and consequences of these problems. In this commentary, we argue that expanding agroecological principles, tools, and technologies and enhancing biological diversity can address these challenges and achieve better socioeconomic outcomes. Agroecology is often described as multi- or transdiscplinary, and applies ecological principles to the design and management of agricultural systems through scientific research, practice and collective action. While agroecology has roots in the study of food systems, agricultural land use has many direct and indirect linkages to water and energy systems that could benefit from agroecological insights, including use of water resources and the development of bio-based energy products. Although opportunities from the science and the practice of agroecology transcend national boundaries, obstacles to widespread adoption vary. In this article, we therefore focus on the United States, where key barriers include a shortage of research funds, limited supporting infrastructure, and cultural obstacles. Nevertheless, simply scaling up current models of agricultural production and land use practices will not solve many of the issues specific to food related challenges nor would such an approach address related energy and water concerns. We conclude that a first critical step to discovering solutions at the food, energy, water nexus will be to move past yield as a sole measure of success in agricultural systems, and call for more holistic considerations of the co-benefits and tradeoffs of different agricultural management options, particularly as they relate to environmental and equity outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2325-1026
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1525/elementa.211
    Language: English
    Publisher: University of California Press
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2745461-7
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  • 10
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    Networking our science to characterize the state, vulnerabilities, and management opportunities of soil organic matter
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 24, No. 2 ( 2018-02)
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 24, No. 2 ( 2018-02)
    Abstract: Soil organic matter ( SOM ) supports the Earth's ability to sustain terrestrial ecosystems, provide food and fiber, and retains the largest pool of actively cycling carbon. Over 75% of the soil organic carbon ( SOC ) in the top meter of soil is directly affected by human land use. Large land areas have lost SOC as a result of land use practices, yet there are compensatory opportunities to enhance productivity and SOC storage in degraded lands through improved management practices. Large areas with and without intentional management are also being subjected to rapid changes in climate, making many SOC stocks vulnerable to losses by decomposition or disturbance. In order to quantify potential SOC losses or sequestration at field, regional, and global scales, measurements for detecting changes in SOC are needed. Such measurements and soil‐management best practices should be based on well established and emerging scientific understanding of processes of C stabilization and destabilization over various timescales, soil types, and spatial scales. As newly engaged members of the International Soil Carbon Network, we have identified gaps in data, modeling, and communication that underscore the need for an open, shared network to frame and guide the study of SOM and SOC and their management for sustained production and climate regulation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.2018.24.issue-2
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13896
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
    SSG: 12
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