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  • Davies, J  (8)
  • Dindyal, S  (8)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery on 1-year survival and renal outcomes: a national multicentre cohort study
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  BJS Open Vol. 5, No. 6 ( 2021-11-09)
    Details
    In: BJS Open, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 5, No. 6 ( 2021-11-09)
    Abstract: The intermediate-term impact of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients after major gastrointestinal and liver surgery has not been well characterized. This study aimed to evaluate the 1-year mortality rate and renal outcomes associated with postoperative AKI in a national prospective cohort. Methods This prospective multicentre, observational cohort with 1-year postoperative follow-up included adults undergoing major gastrointestinal and liver surgery across the UK and Ireland between 23 September and 18 November 2015. AKI was defined according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. The primary outcome was death at 1-year after surgery, and the secondary outcome was Major Adverse Kidney Events (MAKE-365). Cox proportionate and multilevel logistic regression were used to account for case mix. Results Of 5745 patients across 173 centres, 1-year follow-up data was completed for 3504 patients (62.2 per cent, 126 centres), with attrition largely explained by centre non-participation (63.1 per cent). Some 13.6 per cent (475 of 3504) patients developed AKI by 7 days after surgery (stage 1: 9.2 per cent; stage 2/3: 4.3 per cent). At 1 year, 10.8 per cent (378 patients) experienced a MAKE-365 endpoint (303 patients had died, 61 had renal replacement therapy and 78 had renal dysfunction). Patients who experienced AKI by 7 days after surgery had a higher hazard of death at 1 year for KDIGO stage 1 (hazard ratio 1.50 (95 per cent c.i. 1.08 to 2.08), P = 0.016) and KDIGO stage 2/3 (hazard ratio 2.96 (95 per cent c.i. 2.02 to 4.33), P & lt; 0.001). Both KDIGO stage 1 (odds ratio 2.09 (95 per cent c.i. 1.50 to 2.92), P & lt; 0.001) and stage 2/3 (odds ratio 9.26 (95 per cent c.i. 6.31 to 13.59), P & lt; 0.001) AKI were independently associated with MAKE-365. Conclusion AKI events within 7 days after gastrointestinal or liver surgery are associated with significantly worse survival and renal outcomes at 1 year.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2474-9842
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrab134
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    National prospective cohort study of the burden of acute small bowel obstruction
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  BJS Open Vol. 3, No. 3 ( 2019-06), p. 354-366
    Details
    In: BJS Open, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 3, No. 3 ( 2019-06), p. 354-366
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2474-9842 , 2474-9842
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/bjs5.2019.3.issue-3
    DOI: 10.1002/bjs5.50136
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Perioperative intravenous contrast administration and the incidence of acute kidney injury after major gastrointestinal surgery: prospective, multicentre cohort study
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  British Journal of Surgery Vol. 107, No. 8 ( 2020-06-15), p. 1023-1032
    Details
    In: British Journal of Surgery, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 107, No. 8 ( 2020-06-15), p. 1023-1032
    Abstract: This study aimed to determine the impact of preoperative exposure to intravenous contrast for CT and the risk of developing postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery. Methods This prospective, multicentre cohort study included adults undergoing gastrointestinal resection, stoma reversal or liver resection. Both elective and emergency procedures were included. Preoperative exposure to intravenous contrast was defined as exposure to contrast administered for the purposes of CT up to 7 days before surgery. The primary endpoint was the rate of AKI within 7 days. Propensity score-matched models were adjusted for patient, disease and operative variables. In a sensitivity analysis, a propensity score-matched model explored the association between preoperative exposure to contrast and AKI in the first 48 h after surgery. Results A total of 5378 patients were included across 173 centres. Overall, 1249 patients (23·2 per cent) received intravenous contrast. The overall rate of AKI within 7 days of surgery was 13·4 per cent (718 of 5378). In the propensity score-matched model, preoperative exposure to contrast was not associated with AKI within 7 days (odds ratio (OR) 0·95, 95 per cent c.i. 0·73 to 1·21; P = 0·669). The sensitivity analysis showed no association between preoperative contrast administration and AKI within 48 h after operation (OR 1·09, 0·84 to 1·41; P = 0·498). Conclusion There was no association between preoperative intravenous contrast administered for CT up to 7 days before surgery and postoperative AKI. Risk of contrast-induced nephropathy should not be used as a reason to avoid contrast-enhanced CT.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1323 , 1365-2168
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11453
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006309-X
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multicentre prospective cohort study of body mass index and postoperative complications following gastrointestinal surgery
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2016
    In:  British Journal of Surgery Vol. 103, No. 9 ( 2016-07-18), p. 1157-1172
    Details
    In: British Journal of Surgery, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 103, No. 9 ( 2016-07-18), p. 1157-1172
    Abstract: There is currently conflicting evidence surrounding the effects of obesity on postoperative outcomes. Previous studies have found obesity to be associated with adverse events, but others have found no association. The aim of this study was to determine whether increasing body mass index (BMI) is an independent risk factor for development of major postoperative complications. Methods This was a multicentre prospective cohort study across the UK and Republic of Ireland. Consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal surgery over a 4-month interval (October–December 2014) were eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome was the 30-day major complication rate (Clavien–Dindo grade III–V). BMI was grouped according to the World Health Organization classification. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to adjust for patient, operative and hospital-level effects, creating odds ratios (ORs) and 95 per cent confidence intervals (c.i.). Results Of 7965 patients, 2545 (32·0 per cent) were of normal weight, 2673 (33·6 per cent) were overweight and 2747 (34·5 per cent) were obese. Overall, 4925 (61·8 per cent) underwent elective and 3038 (38·1 per cent) emergency operations. The 30-day major complication rate was 11·4 per cent (908 of 7965). In adjusted models, a significant interaction was found between BMI and diagnosis, with an association seen between BMI and major complications for patients with malignancy (overweight: OR 1·59, 95 per cent c.i. 1·12 to 2·29, P = 0·008; obese: OR 1·91, 1·31 to 2·83, P = 0·002; compared with normal weight) but not benign disease (overweight: OR 0·89, 0·71 to 1·12, P = 0·329; obese: OR 0·84, 0·66 to 1·06, P = 0·147). Conclusion Overweight and obese patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal malignancy are at increased risk of major postoperative complications compared with those of normal weight.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1323 , 1365-2168
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10203
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cost-effectiveness of emergency versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute gallbladder pathology
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2016
    In:  British Journal of Surgery Vol. 104, No. 1 ( 2016-12-21), p. 98-107
    Details
    In: British Journal of Surgery, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 104, No. 1 ( 2016-12-21), p. 98-107
    Abstract: The optimal timing of cholecystectomy for patients admitted with acute gallbladder pathology is unclear. Some studies have shown that emergency cholecystectomy during the index admission can reduce length of hospital stay with similar rates of conversion to open surgery, complications and mortality compared with a ‘delayed’ operation following discharge. Others have reported that cholecystectomy during the index acute admission results in higher morbidity, extended length of stay and increased costs. This study examined the cost-effectiveness of emergency versus delayed cholecystectomy for acute benign gallbladder disease. Methods Using data from a prospective population-based cohort study examining the outcomes of cholecystectomy in the UK and Ireland, a model-based cost–utility analysis was conducted from the perspective of the UK National Health Service, with a 1-year time horizon for costs and outcomes. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was used to investigate the impact of parameter uncertainty on the results obtained from the model. Results Emergency cholecystectomy was found to be less costly (£4570 versus £4720; €5484 versus €5664) and more effective (0·8868 versus 0·8662 QALYs) than delayed cholecystectomy. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that the emergency strategy is more than 60 per cent likely to be cost-effective across willingness-to-pay values for the QALY from £0 to £100 000 (€0–120 000). Conclusion Emergency cholecystectomy is less costly and more effective than delayed cholecystectomy. This approach is likely to be beneficial to patients in terms of improved health outcomes and to the healthcare provider owing to the reduced costs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1323 , 1365-2168
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10317
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Population-based cohort study of variation in the use of emergency cholecystectomy for benign gallbladder diseases
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2016
    In:  British Journal of Surgery Vol. 103, No. 12 ( 2016-11-01), p. 1716-1726
    Details
    In: British Journal of Surgery, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 103, No. 12 ( 2016-11-01), p. 1716-1726
    Abstract: The aims of this prospective population-based cohort study were to identify the patient and hospital characteristics associated with emergency cholecystectomy, and the influences of these in determining variations between hospitals. Methods Data were collected for consecutive patients undergoing cholecystectomy in acute UK and Irish hospitals between 1 March and 1 May 2014. Potential explanatory variables influencing the performance of emergency cholecystectomy were analysed by means of multilevel, multivariable logistic regression modelling using a two-level hierarchical structure with patients (level 1) nested within hospitals (level 2). Results Data were collected on 4744 cholecystectomies from 165 hospitals. Increasing age, lower ASA fitness grade, biliary colic, the need for further imaging (magnetic retrograde cholangiopancreatography), endoscopic interventions (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) and admission to a non-biliary centre significantly reduced the likelihood of an emergency cholecystectomy being performed. The multilevel model was used to calculate the probability of receiving an emergency cholecystectomy for a woman aged 40 years or over with an ASA grade of I or II and a BMI of at least 25·0 kg/m2, who presented with acute cholecystitis with an ultrasound scan showing a thick-walled gallbladder and a normal common bile duct. The mean predicted probability of receiving an emergency cholecystectomy was 0·52 (95 per cent c.i. 0·45 to 0·57). The predicted probabilities ranged from 0·02 to 0·95 across the 165 hospitals, demonstrating significant variation between hospitals. Conclusion Patients with similar characteristics presenting to different hospitals with acute gallbladder pathology do not receive comparable care.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1323 , 1365-2168
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10288
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Population-based cohort study of outcomes following cholecystectomy for benign gallbladder diseases
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2016
    In:  British Journal of Surgery Vol. 103, No. 12 ( 2016-11-01), p. 1704-1715
    Details
    In: British Journal of Surgery, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 103, No. 12 ( 2016-11-01), p. 1704-1715
    Abstract: The aim was to describe the management of benign gallbladder disease and identify characteristics associated with all-cause 30-day readmissions and complications in a prospective population-based cohort. Methods Data were collected on consecutive patients undergoing cholecystectomy in acute UK and Irish hospitals between 1 March and 1 May 2014. Potential explanatory variables influencing all-cause 30-day readmissions and complications were analysed by means of multilevel, multivariable logistic regression modelling using a two-level hierarchical structure with patients (level 1) nested within hospitals (level 2). Results Data were collected on 8909 patients undergoing cholecystectomy from 167 hospitals. Some 1451 cholecystectomies (16·3 per cent) were performed as an emergency, 4165 (46·8 per cent) as elective operations, and 3293 patients (37·0 per cent) had had at least one previous emergency admission, but had surgery on a delayed basis. The readmission and complication rates at 30 days were 7·1 per cent (633 of 8909) and 10·8 per cent (962 of 8909) respectively. Both readmissions and complications were independently associated with increasing ASA fitness grade, duration of surgery, and increasing numbers of emergency admissions with gallbladder disease before cholecystectomy. No identifiable hospital characteristics were linked to readmissions and complications. Conclusion Readmissions and complications following cholecystectomy are common and associated with patient and disease characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1323 , 1365-2168
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10287
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Outcomes of obstructed abdominal wall hernia: results from the UK national small bowel obstruction audit
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  BJS Open Vol. 4, No. 5 ( 2020-10-01), p. 924-934
    Details
    In: BJS Open, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 4, No. 5 ( 2020-10-01), p. 924-934
    Abstract: Abdominal wall hernia is a common surgical condition. Patients may present in an emergency with bowel obstruction, incarceration or strangulation. Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a serious surgical condition associated with significant morbidity. The aim of this study was to describe current management and outcomes of patients with obstructed hernia in the UK as identified in the National Audit of Small Bowel Obstruction (NASBO). Methods NASBO collated data on adults treated for SBO at 131 UK hospitals between January and March 2017. Those with obstruction due to abdominal wall hernia were included in this study. Demographics, co-morbidity, imaging, operative treatment, and in-hospital outcomes were recorded. Modelling for factors associated with mortality and complications was undertaken using Cox proportional hazards and multivariable regression modelling. Results NASBO included 2341 patients, of whom 415 (17·7 per cent) had SBO due to hernia. Surgery was performed in 312 (75·2 per cent) of the 415 patients; small bowel resection was required in 198 (63·5 per cent) of these operations. Non-operative management was reported in 35 (54 per cent) of 65 patients with a parastomal hernia and in 34 (32·1 per cent) of 106 patients with an incisional hernia. The in-hospital mortality rate was 9·4 per cent (39 of 415), and was highest in patients with a groin hernia (11·1 per cent, 17 of 153). Complications were common, including lower respiratory tract infection in 16·3 per cent of patients with a groin hernia. Increased age was associated with an increased risk of death (hazard ratio 1·05, 95 per cent c.i. 1·01 to 1·10; P = 0·009) and complications (odds ratio 1·05, 95 per cent c.i. 1·02 to 1·09; P = 0·001). Conclusion NASBO has highlighted poor outcomes for patients with SBO due to hernia, highlighting the need for quality improvement initiatives in this group.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2474-9842
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/bjs5.50315
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
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