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  • Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)  (14)
  • Crane, Heidi M.  (14)
  • 2020-2024  (14)
Material
Publisher
  • Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)  (14)
Language
Years
  • 2020-2024  (14)
Year
Subjects(RVK)
  • 1
    In: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 90, No. 1 ( 2022-05-1), p. 50-55
    Abstract: Insomnia is common among people with HIV (PWH) and may be associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI). This study examines the association between insomnia and MI by MI type among PWH. Setting: Longitudinal cohort study of PWH at 5 Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems sites. Methods: Clinical data and patient-reported measures and outcomes from PWH in care between 2005 and 2018 were used in this study. Insomnia, measured at baseline, was defined as having difficulty falling or staying asleep with bothersome symptoms. The Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems centrally adjudicates MIs using expert reviewers, with distinction between type 1 MI (T1MI) and type 2 MI (T2MI). Associations between insomnia and first incident MI by MI type were measured using separate Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, poor kidney function, diabetes, and smoking), HIV markers (antiretroviral therapy, viral suppression, and CD4 cell count), and stimulant use (cocaine/crack and methamphetamine). Results: Among 12,448 PWH, 48% reported insomnia. Over a median of 4.4 years of follow-up, 158 T1MIs and 109 T2MIs were identified; approximately half of T2MIs were attributed to sepsis or stimulant use. After adjustment for potential confounders, we found no association between insomnia and T1MI (hazard ratio = 1.05, 95% confidence interval: 0.76 to 1.45) and a 65% increased risk of T2MI among PWH reporting insomnia compared with PWH without insomnia (hazard ratio = 1.65, 95% confidence interval: 1.11 to 2.45). Conclusions: PWH reporting insomnia are at an increased risk of T2MI, but not T1MI, compared with PWH without insomnia, highlighting the importance of distinguishing MI types among PWH.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1525-4135
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2038673-4
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  • 2
    In: AIDS, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 36, No. 13 ( 2022-11-1), p. 1841-1849
    Abstract: Describe engagement in HIV care over time after initial engagement in HIV care, by gender identity. Design: Observational, clinical cohort study of people with HIV engaged in routine HIV care across the United States. Methods: We followed people with HIV who linked to and engaged in clinical care (attending ≥2 visits in 12 months) in cohorts in the North American Transgender Cohort Collaboration, 2000–2018. Within strata of gender identity, we estimated the 7-year (84-month) restricted mean time spent: lost-to-clinic (stratified by pre/postantiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation); in care prior to ART initiation; on ART but not virally suppressed; virally suppressed (≤200 copies/ml); or dead (pre/post-ART initiation). Results: Transgender women ( N  = 482/101 841) spent an average of 35.5 out of 84 months virally suppressed (this was 30.5 months for cisgender women and 34.4 months for cisgender men). After adjustment for age, race, ethnicity, history of injection drug use, cohort, and calendar year, transgender women were significantly less likely to die than cisgender people. Cisgender women spent more time in care not yet on ART, and less time on ART and virally suppressed, but were less likely to die compared with cisgender men. Other differences were not clinically meaningful. Conclusions: In this sample, transgender women and cisgender people spent similar amounts of time in care and virally suppressed. Additional efforts to improve retention in care and viral suppression are needed for all people with HIV, regardless of gender identity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0269-9370 , 1473-5571
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2012212-3
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  • 3
    In: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 89, No. 4 ( 2022-04-1), p. 396-404
    Abstract: End-stage liver disease (ESLD) is a leading cause of non–AIDS-related death among people with HIV (PWH). Factors that increase the progression of liver disease include comorbidities and HIV-specific factors, but we currently lack a tool to apply this evidence into clinical practice. Methods: We developed and validated a risk prediction model for ESLD among PWH who received care in 12 cohorts of the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design between 2000 and 2016 and had fibrosis-4 index 〉 1.45. The first occurrence of ascites, variceal bleed, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, or hepatic encephalopathy was verified by standardized medical record review. The Bayesian model averaging was used to select predictors among biomarkers and diagnoses and the Harrell C statistic to assess model discrimination. Results: Among 13,787 PWH in the training set, 82% were men and 54% were Black with a mean age of 48 years. Three hundred ninety ESLD events occurred over a mean 5.4 years. Among the ESLD cases, 52% had hepatitis C virus, 15% hepatitis B virus, and 31% alcohol use disorder. Twelve factors together predicted ESLD risk moderately well (C statistic 0.79, 95% confidence interval: 0.76 to 0.81): age, sex, race/ethnicity, chronic hepatitis B or C, and routinely collected laboratory values reflecting hepatic impairment (serum albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and platelets) and lipid metabolism (triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol). Our model performed well in the test set (C statistic 0.81, 95% confidence interval: 0.76 to 0.86). Conclusion: This model of readily accessible clinical parameters predicted ESLD in a large diverse population of PWH.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1525-4135
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2038673-4
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  • 4
    In: AIDS, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 34, No. 11 ( 2020-09-1), p. 1665-1671
    Abstract: We sought to examine the prospective association between internalized HIV stigma and unsuppressed viral load and to investigate whether this relationship was sequentially mediated by depressive symptoms and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. Design: Longitudinal study in a multisite observational clinical cohort. Methods: The Center for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems patient-reported outcomes survey measures internalized HIV stigma yearly using a four-item assessment (response scale 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). We obtained patient-reported outcome, lab, and appointment data from six center for AIDS research network of integrated clinical systems sites. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between mean stigma and subsequent viremia. We then used Bayesian sequential mediation to fit a longitudinal sequential path model spanning four time points to test if depressive symptoms at T 1 and ART adherence at T 2 mediated the effect of stigma at T 0 on viral load at T 3 , adjusting for baseline covariates. Results: Between February 2016 and November 2018, 6859 patients underwent stigma assessment and were 81% cis-men, 38% Black, 16% Latinx, 32% heterosexual-identified, and 49% at least 50 years of age. Mean stigma level was 2.00 (SD 1.08). Stigma was significantly associated with subsequent viremia (adjusted odds ratio = 1.16, 95% confidence interval: 1.05–1.28, P  = 0.004), as were younger age and Black race. The chained indirect effect from stigma to unsuppressed viral load through depressive symptoms and then adherence was significant (standardized β = 0.002; SD = 0.001). Conclusion: Internalized HIV stigma positively predicts subsequent viremia through depressive symptoms and ART adherence. Addressing the link between stigma and depressive symptoms could help improve viral suppression.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0269-9370 , 1473-5571
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2012212-3
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  • 5
    In: Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 48, No. 6 ( 2021-6), p. 410-416
    Abstract: Data on testing rates and prevalence of and factors associated with genital and extragenital chlamydia and gonorrhea among transgender women with HIV in the United States are limited. Methods This retrospective cohort analysis included transgender women living with HIV enrolled in the US Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems cohort between January 2005 and December 2016 with chlamydia or gonorrhea testing performed in HIV clinic. The primary outcome was a positive test result for chlamydia or gonorrhea at urogenital or extragenital (rectal/pharyngeal) sites. Factors associated with infection were examined using logistic regression and generalized estimating equations to account for multiple tests per woman. Results Among 312 transgender women in HIV care, 252 (81%) were tested for chlamydia or gonorrhea at least once. Annual testing rates were low: 23% to 53% at genital sites and 24% to 47% at extragenital sites. A total of 88 infections were detected, and 22% of women (55/252) had at least one positive test result. Most infections occurred at extragenital sites (80% of chlamydia and 82% of gonorrhea positive test results). Factors associated with infection in an adjusted model were as follows: age 18 to 29 years compared with ≥50 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 7.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] , 1.8–31.2), CD4 count 〉 350 compared with CD4 〈 200 (aOR, 5.5; 95% CI, 1.2–25.1), and higher engagement in HIV care (aOR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.0–4.5). Conclusions Among transgender women living with HIV, testing rates for chlamydia and gonorrhea are inadequate, particularly at extragenital sites where most infections occur.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1537-4521 , 0148-5717
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2055170-8
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  • 6
    In: AIDS, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 37, No. 5 ( 2023-04-1), p. 745-752
    Abstract: The relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardiovascular disease in people with HIV (PWH) is incompletely understood. We determined whether COPD is associated with risk of myocardial infarction (MI) among PWH, and if this differs for type 1 (T1MI) and type 2 (T2MI). Design: We utilized data from five sites in the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) cohort, a multisite observational study. Methods: Our primary outcome was an adjudicated MI, classified as T1MI or T2MI. We defined COPD based on a validated algorithm requiring COPD diagnosis codes and at least 90-day continuous supply of inhalers. We conducted time-to-event analyses to first MI and used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to measure associations between COPD and MI. Results: Among 12 046 PWH, 945 had COPD. Overall, 309 PWH had an MI: 58% had T1MI ( N  = 178) and 42% T2MI ( N  = 131). In adjusted models, COPD was associated with a significantly increased risk of all MI [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.68 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.99–3.60)] even after including self-reported smoking [aHR 2.40 (95% CI 1.76–3.26)] . COPD was also associated with significantly increased risk of T1MI and T2MI individually, and with sepsis and non-sepsis causes of T2MI. Associations were generally minimally changed adjusting for substance use. Conclusion: COPD is associated with a substantially increased risk for MI, including both T1MI and T2MI, among PWH. Given the association with both T1MI and T2MI, diverse mechanistic pathways are involved. Future strategies to decrease risk of T1MI and T2MI in PWH who have COPD are needed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0269-9370 , 1473-5571
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2012212-3
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  • 7
    In: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 86, No. 5 ( 2021-04-15), p. 568-578
    Abstract: Most studies of stroke in people living with HIV (PLWH) do not use verified stroke diagnoses, are small, and/or do not differentiate stroke types and subtypes. Setting: CNICS, a U.S. multisite clinical cohort of PLWH in care. Methods: We implemented a centralized adjudication stroke protocol to identify stroke type, subtype, and precipitating conditions identified as direct causes including infection and illicit drug use in a large diverse HIV cohort. Results: Among 26,514 PLWH, there were 401 strokes, 75% of which were ischemic. Precipitating factors such as sepsis or same-day cocaine use were identified in 40% of ischemic strokes. Those with precipitating factors were younger, had more severe HIV disease, and fewer traditional stroke risk factors such as diabetes and hypertension. Ischemic stroke subtypes included cardioembolic (20%), large vessel atherosclerosis (13%), and small vessel (24%) ischemic strokes. Individuals with small vessel strokes were older, were more likely to have a higher current CD4 cell count than those with cardioembolic strokes and had the highest mean blood pressure of the ischemic stroke subtypes. Conclusion: Ischemic stroke, particularly small vessel and cardioembolic subtypes, were the most common strokes among PLWH. Traditional and HIV-related risk factors differed by stroke type/subtype. Precipitating factors including infections and drug use were common. These results suggest that there may be different biological phenomena occurring among PLWH and that understanding HIV-related and traditional risk factors and in particular precipitating factors for each type/subtype may be key to understanding, and therefore preventing, strokes among PLWH.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1525-4135
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2038673-4
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  • 8
    In: JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 86, No. 3 ( 2021-03-1), p. 339-343
    Abstract: Evaluate differences in weight change by regimen among people living with HIV (PLWH) initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the current era. Methods: Between 2012 and 2019, 3232 ART-naïve PLWH initiated ≥3-drug ART regimens in 8 Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems sites. We estimated weight change by regimen for 11 regimens in the immediate (first 6 months) and extended (all follow-up on initial regimen) periods using linear mixed models adjusted for time on regimen, interaction between time and regimen, age, sex, race/ethnicity, hepatitis B/C coinfection, nadir CD4, smoking, diabetes, antipsychotic medication, and site. We included more recently approved regimens [eg, with tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF)] only in the immediate period analyses to ensure comparable follow-up time. Results: Mean follow-up was 1.9 years on initial ART regimen. In comparison to efavirenz/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC), initiating bictegravir/TAF/FTC {3.9 kg [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.2 to 5.5]} and dolutegravir/TAF/FTC [4.4 kg (95% CI: 2.1 to 6.6)] were associated with the greatest weight gain in the immediate period, followed by darunavir/TDF/FTC [3.7 kg (95% CI: 2.1 to 5.2)] and dolutegravir/TDF/FTC [2.6 kg (95% CI: 1.3 to 3.9)] . In the extended period, compared with efavirenz/TDF/FTC, initiating darunavir/TDF/FTC was associated with a 1.0 kg (95% CI: 0.5 to 1.5) per 6-months greater weight gain, whereas dolutegravir/abacavir/FTC was associated with a 0.6-kg (95% CI: 0.3 to 0.9) and dolutegravir/TDF/FTC was associated with a 0.6-kg (95% CI: 0.1 to 1.1) per 6-months greater gain. Weight gain on dolutegravir/abacavir/FTC and darunavir/TDF/FTC was significantly greater than that for several integrase inhibitor-based regimens. Conclusions: There is heterogeneity between regimens in weight gain following ART initiation among previously ART-naïve PLWH; we observed greater gain among PLWH taking newer integrase strand transfer inhibitors (DTG, BIC) and DRV-based regimens.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1525-4135
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2038673-4
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  • 9
    In: AIDS, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 34, No. 14 ( 2020-11-15), p. 2051-2059
    Abstract: Historically, a high burden of resistance to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in heavily treatment-experienced (HTE) persons with HIV (PWH) resulted in limited treatment options (LTOs). We evaluated the prevalence, risk factors, and virologic control of HTE PWH with LTO throughout the modern ART era. Design: We examined all ART-experienced PWH in care between 2000 and 2017 in the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems cohort. Methods: We computed the annual prevalence of HTE PWH with LTO defined as having two or less available classes with two or less active drugs per class based on genotypic data and cumulative antiretroviral resistance. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to examine risk of LTO by 3-year study entry periods adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics. Results: Among 27 133 ART-experienced PWH, 916 were classified as having LTO. The prevalence of PWH with LTO was 5.2–7.5% in 2000–2006, decreased to 1.8% in 2007, and remained less than 1% after 2012. Persons entering the study in 2009–2011 had an 80% lower risk of LTO compared with those entering in 2006–2008 (adjusted hazard ratio 0.20; 95% confidence interval: 0.09–0.42). We found a significant increase in undetectable HIV viral loads among PWH ever classified as having LTO from less than 30% in 2001 to more than 80% in 2011, comparable with persons who never had LTO. Conclusion: Results of this large multicenter study show a dramatic decline in the prevalence of PWH with LTO to less than 1% with the availability of more potent drugs and a marked increase in virologic suppression in the current ART era.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0269-9370 , 1473-5571
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2012212-3
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  • 10
    In: AIDS, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 36, No. 8 ( 2022-07-1), p. 1095-1103
    Abstract: To define the incidence of clinically detected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in people with HIV (PWH) in the United States and evaluate how racial and ethnic disparities, comorbidities, and HIV-related factors contribute to risk of COVID-19. Design: Observational study within the CFAR Network of Integrated Clinical Systems cohort in seven cities during 2020. Methods: We calculated cumulative incidence rates of COVID-19 diagnosis among PWH in routine care by key characteristics including race/ethnicity, current and lowest CD4 + cell count, and geographic area. We evaluated risk factors for COVID-19 among PWH using relative risk regression models adjusted with disease risk scores. Results: Among 16 056 PWH in care, of whom 44.5% were black, 12.5% were Hispanic, with a median age of 52 years (IQR 40–59), 18% had a current CD4 + cell count less than 350 cells/μl, including 7% less than 200; 95.5% were on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and 85.6% were virologically suppressed. Overall in 2020, 649 PWH were diagnosed with COVID-19 for a rate of 4.94 cases per 100 person-years. The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was 2.4-fold and 1.7-fold higher in Hispanic and black PWH respectively, than non-Hispanic white PWH. In adjusted analyses, factors associated with COVID-19 included female sex, Hispanic or black identity, lowest historical CD4 + cell count less than 350 cells/μl (proxy for CD4 + nadir), current low CD4 +  : CD8 + ratio, diabetes, and obesity. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the presence of structural racial inequities above and beyond medical comorbidities increased the risk of COVID-19 among PWH. PWH with immune exhaustion as evidenced by lowest historical CD4 + cell count or current low CD4 +  : CD8 + ratio had greater risk of COVID-19.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0269-9370 , 1473-5571
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2012212-3
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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