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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The relationship between speech perception and electrode discrimination in cochlear implantees
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2000
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 108, No. 3 ( 2000-09-01), p. 1269-1280
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 108, No. 3 ( 2000-09-01), p. 1269-1280
    Abstract: Speech Intelligibility Index (SII) procedures were used to measure the amount of speech information perceived in five frequency bands (170–570, 570–1170, 1170–1768, 1768–2680, and 2680–5744 Hz) by 15 users of the Cochlear Ltd. CI-22M implant and Spectra-22/SPEAK processor. The speech information perceived was compared to that perceived by normal-hearing listeners. The ability of these subjects to discriminate between stimulation on adjacent electrodes corresponding to each frequency band was also investigated, using a 4IFC procedure with random current level variations of between 0% and 60% of the dynamic range. Relative to normal-hearing listeners, speech information was, on average, significantly more reduced in the four frequency regions between 170 and 2680 Hz than in the region 2680–5744 Hz. There was a significant correlation between electrode discrimination ability (when the random level variation encompassed 20% or more of the dynamic range) and the amount of speech information perceived in the four frequency regions between 170 and 2680 Hz. There was no such correlation in the region 2680–5744 Hz, regardless of the extent of random level variation. These results indicate that speech information in the low to medium frequencies is more difficult for implantees to perceive, that this difficulty is correlated with the difficulty in discriminating electrode place in the presence of random loudness variations, and that fine spectral discrimination may be relatively more important in the vowel-formant regions than in higher frequency regions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.1287711
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Temporal processing from the auditory nerve to the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body in the rat
    Elsevier BV ; 2001
    In:  Hearing Research Vol. 159, No. 1-2 ( 2001-9), p. 101-116
    Details
    In: Hearing Research, Elsevier BV, Vol. 159, No. 1-2 ( 2001-9), p. 101-116
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0378-5955
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/S0378-5955(01)00327-6
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006374-X
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Speech Perception Outcomes in Older Children Who Use Multichannel Cochlear Implants: Older is Not Always Poorer
    SAGE Publications ; 2002
    In:  Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology Vol. 111, No. 5_suppl ( 2002-05), p. 97-101
    Details
    In: Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 111, No. 5_suppl ( 2002-05), p. 97-101
    Abstract: Speech perception outcomes for early-deafened children who undergo implantation as teenagers or young adults are generally reported to be poorer than results for young children. It is important to provide appropriate expectations when counseling adolescents and their families to help them make an informed choice regarding cochlear implant surgery. The considerable variation of results in this group makes this process more difficult. This study considered a number of factors in a group of 25 children who underwent implantation in Melbourne between the ages of 8 and 18 years. Each subject completed open-set speech perception testing with Bamford-Kowal-Bench sentences before and after implantation and preoperative language testing with the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. Data were collected regarding the type of hearing loss, age at implantation, age at hearing aid fitting, audiometric details, and preoperative and postoperative communication mode. Results were submitted to a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis with postoperative open-set sentence scores as the dependent variables. The analysis suggested that 3 factors have a significant predictive value for speech perception after implantation: preoperative open-set sentence score, duration of profound hearing loss, and equivalent language age. These 3 factors accounted for 66% of the variance in this group. The results of this study suggest that children who have useful speech perception before implantation, and higher age-equivalent scores on language measures, would be expected to do well with a cochlear implant. Consistent with other studies, a shorter duration of profound hearing loss is also advantageous. The mean sentence score for this group, 47%, was not significantly different from the mean result across all children in the Melbourne program.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-4894 , 1943-572X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/00034894021110S520
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033055-8
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fast Inhibition Alters First Spike Timing in Auditory Brainstem Neurons
    American Physiological Society ; 2004
    In:  Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 92, No. 4 ( 2004-10), p. 2615-2621
    Details
    In: Journal of Neurophysiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 92, No. 4 ( 2004-10), p. 2615-2621
    Abstract: Within the first processing site of the central auditory pathway, inhibitory neurons (D stellate cells) broadly tuned to tonal frequency project on narrowly tuned, excitatory output neurons (T stellate cells). The latter is thought to provide a topographic representation of sound spectrum, whereas the former is thought to provide lateral inhibition that improves spectral contrast, particularly in noise. In response to pure tones, the overall discharge rate in T stellate cells is unlikely to be suppressed dramatically by D stellate cells because they respond primarily to stimulus onset and provide fast, short-duration inhibition. In vivo intracellular recordings from the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) showed that, when tones were presented above or below the characteristic frequency (CF) of a T stellate neuron, they were inhibited during depolarization. This resulted in a delay in the initial action potential produced by T stellate cells. This ability of fast inhibition to alter the first spike timing of a T stellate neuron was confirmed by electrically activating the D stellate cell pathway that arises in the contralateral cochlear nucleus. Delay was also induced when two tones were presented: one at CF and one outside the frequency response area of the T stellate neuron. These findings suggest that the traditional view of lateral inhibition within the VCN should incorporate delay as one of its principle outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3077 , 1522-1598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/jn.00327.2004
    RVK:
    XA 10000 ; XA 552555
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 80161-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467889-5
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    BDNF-induced survival of auditory neurons in vivo: Cessation of treatment leads to accelerated loss of survival effects
    Wiley ; 2003
    In:  Journal of Neuroscience Research Vol. 71, No. 6 ( 2003-03-15), p. 785-790
    Details
    In: Journal of Neuroscience Research, Wiley, Vol. 71, No. 6 ( 2003-03-15), p. 785-790
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0360-4012 , 1097-4547
    URL: Issue
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jnr.v71:6
    DOI: 10.1002/(ISSN)1097-4547
    DOI: 10.1002/jnr.10542
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474904-X
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of iNtracochlear Factors on Spiral Ganglion Cells and Auditory Brain Stem Response after Long‐Term Electrical Stimulation in Deafened Kittens
    Wiley ; 2000
    In:  Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Vol. 122, No. 3 ( 2000-03), p. 425-433
    Details
    In: Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Wiley, Vol. 122, No. 3 ( 2000-03), p. 425-433
    Abstract: Using an animal model, we have studied the response of the auditory brain stem to cochlear implantation and the effect of intracochlear factors on this response. Neonatally, pharmacologically deafened cats (100 to more than 180 days old) were implanted with a 4‐electrode array in both cochleas. Then, the left cochlea of each cat was electrically stimulated for total periods of up to 1000 hours. After a terminal 14 C‐2‐deoxyglucose (2DG) experiment, the fraction of the right inferior colliculus with a significant accumulation of 2DG label was calculated. Using 3‐dimensional computer‐aided reconstruction, we examined the cochleas of these animals for spiral ganglion cell (SGC) survival and intracochlear factors such as electrode positions, degeneration of the organ of Corti, and the degree of fibrosis of the scala tympani. The distribution of each parameter was calculated along the organ of Corti from the basal end. There was a positive correlation between SGC survival and the level of fibrosis in the scala tympani, and a negative correlation between SGC survival and the degree of organ of Corti degeneration. Finally, there was a negative correlation between the 2DG‐labeled inferior colliculus volume fraction and the degree of fibrosis, particularly in the 1‐mm region nearest the pair of electrodes, and presumably in the basal turn.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0194-5998 , 1097-6817
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/S0194-5998(00)70060-X
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008453-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bionic Ears: Their Development and Future Advances Using Neurotrophins and Inherently Conducting Polymers
    Hindawi Limited ; 2004
    In:  Applied Bionics and Biomechanics Vol. 1, No. 2 ( 2004), p. 67-89
    Details
    In: Applied Bionics and Biomechanics, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 1, No. 2 ( 2004), p. 67-89
    Abstract: The development of the multiple-channel bionic ear for hearing and speech understanding in profoundly deaf people is the result of integrating biological and physical sciences with engineering. It is the first clinically successful restoration of sensory and brain function, and brings electronic technology into a direct functional relationship with human consciousness. It presently transmits essential place and coarse temporal information for the coding of frequency, but the fine temporal and place excitation of groups of nerve fibres is inadequate for high-fidelity sound. This is required for adequate musical appreciation and hearing in noise. Research has demonstrated that nerve growth factors preserve the peripheral processes of the auditory nerves so that an electrode array placed close to these fibres could produce this fine temporal and spatial coding. The nerve growth factors can be incorporated into inherently conducting polymers that are part of the array so the peripheral processes can be preserved at the same time as they are electrically stimulated.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1176-2322 , 1754-2103
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2004/672154
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2179924-6
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    LIF is more potent than BDNF in promoting neurite outgrowth of mammalian auditory neurons in vitro
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2001
    In:  Neuroreport Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2001-02), p. 275-279
    Details
    In: Neuroreport, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2001-02), p. 275-279
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0959-4965
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200102120-00019
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2031485-1
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cognitive Processing in Children Using Cochlear Implants: The Relationship between Visual Memory, Attention, and Executive Functions and Developing Language Skills
    SAGE Publications ; 2002
    In:  Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology Vol. 111, No. 5_suppl ( 2002-05), p. 119-126
    Details
    In: Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 111, No. 5_suppl ( 2002-05), p. 119-126
    Abstract: We performed this study to determine whether children using a cochlear implant performed differently from age- and gender-matched hearing aid users on 8 neuropsychological measures of visual memory, attention, and executive functioning. The study also examined whether differences in cognitive skills could account for some of the observed variance in speech perception, vocabulary, and language abilities of hearing-impaired children. In contrast to previous studies, our results revealed no significant cognitive differences between children who use a cochlear implant and children who use hearing aids. Partial correlation analysis indicated that the children's visual memory skills, ie, their recognition memory, delayed recall, and paired associative learning memory skills, correlated significantly with their language skills. When examined at a significance level of.01, attention and executive functioning skills did not relate to the children's developing speech perception, vocabulary, or language skills. The results suggested that differences in visual memory skills may account for some of the variance seen in the language abilities of children using implants and children using hearing aids.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-4894 , 1943-572X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/00034894021110S524
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033055-8
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Generalization of tactile perceptual skills to new context following tactile-alone word recognition training with the Tickle Talker™
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2000
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 108, No. 6 ( 2000-12-01), p. 2969-2979
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 108, No. 6 ( 2000-12-01), p. 2969-2979
    Abstract: The Tickle Talker™ is an electrotactile speech perception device. Subjects were evaluated using the device in various tactile-alone and tactile–visual contexts to assess the generalization to other contexts of tactile-alone perceptual skills. The subjects were from a group of six normally hearing subjects who had previously received 12 to 33 h of tactile-alone word recognition training and had learned an average vocabulary of 50 words [Galvin et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 106, 1084–1089 (1999)] . The tactile-alone evaluation contexts were sentences, unfamiliar talkers, and untrained words. The tactile–visual evaluation contexts were closed-set words, open-set words, and open-set sentences. Tactile-alone perceptual skills were generalized to unfamiliar speakers, sentences, and untrained words, though scores indicated that generalization was not complete. In contrast, the generalization of skills to tactile–visual contexts was minimal or absent. The potential value of tactile-alone training for hearing-impaired users of the Tickle Talker™ is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.1320475
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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