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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Practice parameters for the use of actigraphy in the military operational context: the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Operational Research Kit-Actigraphy (WORK-A)
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  Military Medical Research Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2020-12)
    Details
    In: Military Medical Research, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2020-12)
    Abstract: The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) Operational Research Kit-Actigraphy (WORK-A) is a set of unique practice parameters and actigraphy-derived measures for the analysis of operational military sleep patterns. The WORK-A draws on best practices from the literature and comprises 15 additional descriptive variables. Here, we demonstrate the WORK-A with a sample of United States Army Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) cadets ( n  = 286) during a month-long capstone pre-commissioning training exercise. Methods The sleep of ROTC cadets ( n  = 286) was measured by Philips Actiwatch devices during the 31-day training exercise. The preliminary effectiveness of the WORK-A was tested by comparing differences in sleep measures collected by Actiwatches as calculated by Philips Actiware software against WORK-A-determined sleep measures and self-report sleep collected from a subset of ROTC cadets ( n  = 140). Results Actiware sleep summary statistics were significantly different from WORK-A measures and self-report sleep (all P  ≤ 0.001). Bedtimes and waketimes as determined by WORK-A major sleep intervals showed the best agreement with self-report bedtime (22:21 ± 1:30 vs. 22:13 ± 0:40, P  = 0.21) and waketime (04:30 ± 2:17 vs. 04:31 ± 0:47, P  = 0.68). Though still significantly different, the discrepancy was smaller between the WORK-A measure of time in bed (TIB) for major sleep intervals (352 ± 29 min) and self-report nightly sleep duration (337 ± 57 min, P  = 0.006) than that between the WORK-A major TIB and Actiware TIB (177 ± 42, P  ≤ 0.001). Conclusions Default actigraphy methods are not the most accurate methods for characterizing soldier sleep, but reliable methods for characterizing operational sleep patterns is a necessary first step in developing strategies to improve soldier readiness. The WORK-A addresses this knowledge gap by providing practice parameters and a robust variety of measures with which to profile sleep behavior in service members.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2054-9369
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s40779-020-00255-7
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2768940-2
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Fatigue Risk Management Preferences for Consumer Sleep Technologies and Data Sharing in Aviation
    Aerospace Medical Association ; 2024
    In:  Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance Vol. 95, No. 5 ( 2024-05-01), p. 265-272
    Details
    In: Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance, Aerospace Medical Association, Vol. 95, No. 5 ( 2024-05-01), p. 265-272
    Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Employees from any type of aviation services industry were asked to give their opinions about the usefulness of consumer sleep technologies (CSTs) during operations and their willingness to share data from CSTs with their organizations for fatigue risk management purposes under a variety of circumstances. METHODS: Respondents provided information about position in aviation and use of CST devices. Respondents ranked sleep issues and feedback metrics by perceived level of importance to operational performance. Respondents rated their likelihood to share data with their organization under a series of hypothetical situations. RESULTS: Between January-July 2023, 149 ( N = 149) aviation professionals responded. Pilots comprised 72% ( N = 108) of respondents; 84% ( N = 125) of all respondents worked short- or medium-haul operations. “Nighttime operations” and “inconsistent sleep routines” ranked as the most important issues affecting sleep. “Sleep quality history” and “projected alertness levels” ranked as most important feedback metrics for personal management of fatigue. Respondents were split between CST users ( N = 64) and nonusers ( N = 68). CST users did not indicate a strong preference for a specific device brand. The most-reported reason for not using a CST was due to not owning one or no perceived need. Respondents indicated greater likelihood of data sharing under conditions where the device was provided to them by their organization. DISCUSSION: These results suggest that aviation professionals are more concerned about schedule-related disturbances to sleep than they are about endogenous sleep problems. Organizations may be able to increase compliance to data collection for fatigue risk management by providing employees with company-owned CSTs of any brand. Devine JK, Choynowski J, Hursh SR. Fatigue risk management preferences for consumer sleep technologies and data sharing in aviation . Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(5):265–272.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2375-6314
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3357/AMHP.6429.2024
    Language: English
    Publisher: Aerospace Medical Association
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2812234-3
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Consumer preferences for sleep-tracking wearables: The role of scientific evaluation and endorsement
    Elsevier BV ; 2023
    In:  Sleep Health ( 2023-12)
    Details
    In: Sleep Health, Elsevier BV, ( 2023-12)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2352-7218
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.11.009
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813299-3
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  • 4
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    Potential Effects of Permanent Daylight Savings Time on Daylight Exposure and Risk during Commute Times across United States Cities in 2023–2024 Using a Biomathematical Model of Fatigue
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Safety Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2023-08-29), p. 59-
    Details
    In: Safety, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2023-08-29), p. 59-
    Abstract: Background: Permanent Daylight Savings Time (DST) may improve road safety by providing more daylight in the evening but could merely shift risk to morning commutes or increase risk due to fatigue and circadian misalignment. Methods: To identify how potential daylight exposure and fatigue risk could differ between permanent DST versus permanent Standard Time (ST) or current time arrangements (CTA), generic work and school schedules in five United States cities were modeled in SAFTE-FAST biomathematical modeling software. Commute data were categorized by morning (0700–0900) and evening (1600–1800) rush hours. Results: Percent darkness was greater under DST compared with ST for the total waking day (t = 2.59, p = 0.03) and sleep periods (t = 2.46, p = 0.045). Waketimes occurred before sunrise 63 ± 41% percent of the time under DST compared with CTA (42 ± 37%) or ST (33 ± 38%; F(2,74) = 76.37; p 〈 0.001). Percent darkness was greater during morning (16 ± 31%) and lower during evening rush hour (0 ± 0%) in DST compared with either CTA (morning: 7 ± 23%; evening: 7 ± 14%) or ST (morning: 7 ± 23%; evening: 7 ± 15%). Discussion: Morning rush hour overlaps with students’ commutes and shift workers’ reverse commutes, which may increase traffic congestion and risk compared with evening rush hour. Switching to permanent DST may be more disruptive than either switching to ST or keeping CTA without noticeable benefit to fatigue or potential daylight exposure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2313-576X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/safety9030059
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2841166-3
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Predictive Biomathematical Modeling Compared to Objective Sleep During COVID-19 Humanitarian Flights
    Aerospace Medical Association ; 2022
    In:  Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance Vol. 93, No. 1 ( 2022-01-01), p. 4-12
    Details
    In: Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance, Aerospace Medical Association, Vol. 93, No. 1 ( 2022-01-01), p. 4-12
    Abstract: BACKGROUND: Biomathematical modeling software like the Sleep, Activity, Fatigue, and Task Effectiveness (SAFTE) model and Fatigue Avoidance Scheduling Tool (FAST) help carriers predict fatigue risk for planned rosters. The ability of a biomathematical model to accurately estimate fatigue risk during unprecedented operations, such as COVID-19 humanitarian ultra-long-range flights, is unknown. Azul Cargo Express organized and conducted five separate humanitarian missions to China between May and July 2020. Prior to conducting the missions, a sleep-prediction algorithm (AutoSleep) within SAFTE-FAST was used to predict in-flight sleep duration and pilot effectiveness. Here we compare AutoSleep predictions against pilots’ sleep diary and a sleep-tracking actigraphy device (Zulu watch, Institutes for Behavior Resources) from Azul’s COVID-19 humanitarian missions. METHODS: Pilots wore Zulu watches throughout the mission period and reported sleep duration for their in-flight rest periods using a sleep diary. Agreement between AutoSleep, diary, and Zulu watch measures was compared using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Goodness-of-fit between predicted effectiveness distribution between scenarios was evaluated using the R 2 statistic. RESULTS: A total of 20 ( N = 20) pilots flying across 5 humanitarian missions provided sleep diary and actigraphy data. ICC and R 2 values were 〉 0.90, indicating excellent agreement between sleep measures and predicted effectiveness distribution, respectively. DISCUSSION: Biomathematical predictions of in-flight sleep during unprecedented humanitarian missions were in agreement with actual sleep patterns during flights. These findings indicate that biomathematical models may retain accuracy even under extreme circumstances. Pilots may overestimate the amount of sleep that they receive during extreme flight-duty periods, which could constitute a fatigue risk. Devine JK, Garcia CR, Simoes AS, Guelere MR, de Godoy B, Silva DS, Pacheco PC, Choynowski J, Hursh SR. Predictive biomathematical modeling compared to objective sleep during COVID-19 humanitarian flights . Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2022; 93(1):4–12.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2375-6314
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3357/AMHP.5909.2022
    Language: English
    Publisher: Aerospace Medical Association
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2812234-3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Biomathematical modeling for the prediction of sleep behavior and comparison against cognitive performance in firefighters
    Elsevier BV ; 2023
    In:  Safety Science Vol. 163 ( 2023-07), p. 106128-
    Details
    In: Safety Science, Elsevier BV, Vol. 163 ( 2023-07), p. 106128-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0925-7535
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106128
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021100-4
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Pilot Sleep Behavior across Time during Ultra-Long-Range Flights
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Clocks & Sleep Vol. 3, No. 4 ( 2021-09-23), p. 515-527
    Details
    In: Clocks & Sleep, MDPI AG, Vol. 3, No. 4 ( 2021-09-23), p. 515-527
    Abstract: Fatigue risk to the pilot has been a deterrent for conducting direct flights longer than 12 h under normal conditions, but such flights were a necessity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Twenty (N = 20) pilots flying across five humanitarian missions between Brazil and China wore a sleep-tracking device (the Zulu watch), which has been validated for the estimation of sleep timing (sleep onset and offset), duration, efficiency, and sleep score (wake, interrupted, light, or deep Sleep) throughout the mission period. Pilots also reported sleep timing, duration, and subjective quality of their in-flight rest periods using a sleep diary. To our knowledge, this is the first report of commercial pilot sleep behavior during ultra-long-range operations under COVID-19 pandemic conditions. Moreover, these analyses provide an estimate of sleep score during in-flight sleep, which has not been reported previously in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2624-5175
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep3040036
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2966788-4
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Expert Demand for Consumer Sleep Technology Features and Wearable Devices: A Case Study
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  IoT Vol. 3, No. 2 ( 2022-06-08), p. 315-331
    Details
    In: IoT, MDPI AG, Vol. 3, No. 2 ( 2022-06-08), p. 315-331
    Abstract: Global demand for sleep-tracking wearables, or consumer sleep technologies (CSTs), is steadily increasing. CST marketing campaigns often advertise the scientific merit of devices, but these claims may not align with consensus opinion from sleep research experts. Consensus opinion about CST features has not previously been established in a cohort of sleep researchers. This case study reports the results of the first survey of experts in real-world sleep research and a hypothetical purchase task (HPT) to establish economic valuation for devices with different features by price. Forty-six (N = 46) respondents with an average of 10 ± 6 years’ experience conducting research in real-world settings completed the online survey. Total sleep time was ranked as the most important measure of sleep, followed by objective sleep quality, while sleep architecture/depth and diagnostic information were ranked as least important. A total of 52% of experts preferred wrist-worn devices that could reliably determine sleep episodes as short as 20 min. The economic value was greater for hypothetical devices with a longer battery life. These data set a precedent for determining how scientific merit impacts the potential market value of a CST. This is the first known attempt to establish a consensus opinion or an economic valuation for scientifically desirable CST features and metrics using expert elicitation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2624-831X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/iot3020018
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3024999-5
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    0854 Prevalence of Sleep Disorders and Medication Use among Active Duty Army for Fiscal Year 2018
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  Sleep Vol. 42, No. Supplement_1 ( 2019-04-13), p. A342-A343
    Details
    In: Sleep, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 42, No. Supplement_1 ( 2019-04-13), p. A342-A343
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0161-8105 , 1550-9109
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz067.852
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2056761-3
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