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  • S. Karger AG  (15)
  • Choi, Bum Soon  (15)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Renoprotective Effects of Rosiglitazone in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
    S. Karger AG ; 2007
    In:  Kidney and Blood Pressure Research Vol. 30, No. 4 ( 2007), p. 212-223
    Details
    In: Kidney and Blood Pressure Research, S. Karger AG, Vol. 30, No. 4 ( 2007), p. 212-223
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background/Aims: 〈 /i 〉 Rosiglitazone (RGTZ) has a protective effect against various types of injury. We evaluated the effects of RGTZ on renal injury in a stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) model. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 Male SHRSP rats were observed with or without RGTZ treatment for 10 weeks. Age-matched male Wistar-Kyoto rats were used as controls. The effect of RGTZ on hypertensive nephropathy was evaluated by assessing renal function, pathology, pro-inflammatory cytokine (osteopontin), profibrotic cytokine (βig-h3), apoptotic cell death (TUNEL staining and caspase 3 expression), marker of oxidative stress (8-OHdG) and endothelial damage (eNOS). 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 RGTZ treatment improved renal function and histopathology compared with SHRSP rats without treatment (p 〈 0.05). Osteopontin and βig-h3 were significantly increased in SHRSP rat kidneys, but RGTZ treatment decreased both mediators. Apoptotic cell death was increased in renal tubular cells in the injured area in SHRSP rat kidneys, but RGTZ treatment decreased apoptotic cell death and caspase 3 expression. Increased urinary 8-OHdG excretion and decreased eNOS in SHRSP rats was reversed with RGTZ treatment. 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 RGTZ protects hypertensive nephropathy in SHRSP rats.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-4096 , 1423-0143
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000104090
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482922-8
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  • 2
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    Endoscopic Subureteral Polydimethylsiloxane Injection and Prevention of Recurrent Acute Graft Pyelonephritis
    S. Karger AG ; 2010
    In:  Nephron Clinical Practice Vol. 117, No. 4 ( 2010-11-12), p. 385-389
    Details
    In: Nephron Clinical Practice, S. Karger AG, Vol. 117, No. 4 ( 2010-11-12), p. 385-389
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background/Aims: 〈 /i 〉 Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is an important factor in recurrent acute graft pyelonephritis (AGPN). In this study, we evaluated the effect of subureteral polydimethylsiloxane (PDS) injection on recurrent AGPN in renal transplant recipients with VUR. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 64 renal transplant recipients with recurrent AGPN were included, 31 (48%) of whom had VUR. Of the patients with VUR, 19 (61%) were treated with PDS and the others were managed with antibiotics. The effect of PDS treatment on recurrent AGPN was evaluated in terms of the overall success rate, the success rate according to VUR grade, and the number of PDS treatments. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 The overall success rate of PDS injection was 63%, and the number of AGPN episodes was significantly reduced after injection compared with the number before injection (0.21 vs. 1.34 times/person-year, respectively, p 〈 0.05). The success rate of PDS treatment differed with the VUR grade (50% in grade 1, 33% in grade 2, 75% in grade 3, and 67% in grade 4). The success rate in the first trial was 67% and in the second it was 50%. 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 PDS injection is an effective treatment for recurrent AGPN in renal allograft recipients with VUR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-2110
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000321526
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2098336-0
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  • 3
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    Cyclosporine or FK506 Decrease Mature Epidermal Growth Factor Protein Expression and Renal Tubular Regeneration in Rat Kidneys with Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
    S. Karger AG ; 2002
    In:  Nephron Vol. 92, No. 4 ( 2002), p. 914-921
    Details
    In: Nephron, S. Karger AG, Vol. 92, No. 4 ( 2002), p. 914-921
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays an important role in tubular regeneration in kidneys with ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of cyclosporine A (CsA) or FK506 on mature EGF expression and tubular regeneration in rat kidneys with I/R injury. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 Two separate studies were performed. First, the expression of EGF and tubular regeneration was observed in rat kidneys with I/R injury on days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7. Second, the dose-dependent response of EGF expression and tubular regeneration to CsA (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) or FK506 (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg) was observed in rat kidneys with I/R injury. I/R injury was induced by clamping both renal arteries for 45 min, and CsA or FK506 was injected just after release of vascular clamps. Rats were sacrificed on day 1 for evaluation of EGF expression, and on day 2 for evaluation of BudU-positive cells. Renal function, tubular injury score, EGF expression assessed by immunoblotting, levels of CsA and FK506 in whole blood, and immunostaining for BrdU was studied. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 EGF expression was maximal on day 1 (cortex, 29-fold; medulla, 31-fold compared with sham-operated controls), and renal tubular regeneration measured with the number of BrdU-positive cells was maximal on days 2 and 3 in kidney with I/R injury, and thereafter the level of EGF and the number of BrdU-positive cells decreased progressively. CsA or FK506 treatment to ischemic rat kidneys reduced the expression of EGF and the number of BrdU-positive cells in a dose-dependent manner. 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 CsA or FK506 treatment delays recovery from acute tubular necrosis, and this may be associated with decreased EGF expression by CsA or FK506.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-8151 , 2235-3186
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000065435
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2002
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  • 4
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    Blockade of Angiotensin II with Losartan Attenuates Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Inducible Gene-h3 (βig-h3) Expression in a Model of Chronic Cyclosporine Nephrotoxicity
    S. Karger AG ; 2005
    In:  Nephron Experimental Nephrology Vol. 99, No. 1 ( 2005-1-14), p. e9-e16
    Details
    In: Nephron Experimental Nephrology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 99, No. 1 ( 2005-1-14), p. e9-e16
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 We recently demonstrated that upregulation of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 inducible gene-h3 (βig-h3) is associated with tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) in a rat model of chronic cyclosporine A (CsA) nephrotoxicity. This study investigated the association between βig-h3 expression and TIF during losartan treatment in this model. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 Adult Sprague-Dawley rats kept on a salt-depleted diet (0.05% sodium) were treated daily for 4 weeks with vehicle (olive oil, 1 ml/kg), CsA (15 mg/kg) or both CsA and losartan (10 mg/kg in drinking water). The effect of losartan on βig-h3 expression was evaluated using in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Histopathology, expressions of TGF-β1 and intrarenal angiotensin II were compared across treatment groups. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 Concurrent administration of losartan significantly attenuated βig-h3 mRNA and protein expression within the tubulointerstitium of CsA-treated kidneys. This was accompanied by the retardation of TIF (18 ± 5 vs. 39 ± 5%, p 〈 0.01 vs. CsA) and the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA (336 ± 49 vs. 685 ± 63%, p 〈 0.01 vs. CsA) and the number of angiotensin II-positive glomeruli (18 ± 5 vs. 38 ± 6, p 〈 0.05 vs. CsA). 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 Losartan is capable of abrogating the upregulation of TGF-β1 and βig-h3 expression, and this is associated with attenuated tubulointerstitial fibrosis in chronic CsA nephrotoxicity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-2129
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000081793
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2098337-2
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  • 5
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    Attenuation of Interstitial Inflammation and Fibrosis by Recombinant Human Erythropoietin in Chronic Cyclosporine Nephropathy
    S. Karger AG ; 2005
    In:  American Journal of Nephrology Vol. 25, No. 1 ( 2005), p. 64-76
    Details
    In: American Journal of Nephrology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 25, No. 1 ( 2005), p. 64-76
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 Evidence suggests that recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) protects neurons and cardiomyocytes from acute insults. We investigated the protective effect of rHuEPO on cyclosporine (CsA)-induced renal injury. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 CsA (15 mg/kg/day) was given to rats for 1 or 4 weeks, and rHuEPO was concurrently administered at a dose of 100 units/kg (thrice weekly). Effects of rHuEPO on CsA-induced renal injury were evaluated with tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) score, macrophage infiltration, expression of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines, and apoptotic cell death. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 Administration of rHuEPO decreased TIF score and the number of macrophages, which increased significantly in CsA-treated rat kidneys. At the molecular level, rHuEPO treatment decreased proinflammatory mediators (osteopontin and C-reactive protein) and profibrotic mediators (transforming growth factor-β1 and transforming growth factor-β1-inducible gene-h3). Increased apoptotic cell death in CsA-treated rat kidneys was significantly decreased with rHuEPO cotreatment, and apoptosis-related genes were regulated in favor of cell survival (increased Bcl-2 and suppressed caspase-3). 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 rHuEPO has a renoprotective effect against chronic CsA-induced renal injury.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0250-8095 , 1421-9670
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000084275
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468523-1
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  • 6
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    Comparison of Outcomes with Arteriovenous Fistula and Arteriovenous Graft for Vascular Access in Hemodialysis: A Prospective Cohort Study
    S. Karger AG ; 2016
    In:  American Journal of Nephrology Vol. 43, No. 2 ( 2016), p. 120-128
    Details
    In: American Journal of Nephrology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 43, No. 2 ( 2016), p. 120-128
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Poor vessel quality and limited life expectancy in the elderly may make arteriovenous fistula (AVF) less ideal than arteriovenous graft (AVG) or catheter for vascular access (VA) in hemodialysis (HD). 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 A total of 946 adult incident HD patients from clinical research center registry for end-stage renal disease prospective cohort in South Korea were analyzed for outcomes with AVF and AVG. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Overall, AVF was associated with better patient survival only in male (p 〈 0.001) and diabetic (p = 0.004) patients, although it was superior to AVG in access patency, regardless of diabetes mellitus status and gender. AVG (vs. AVF; hazard ratio (HR) 2.282; 95% CI 1.071-4.861; p = 0.032) was associated with poor patient survival. In elderly patients (≥65 years), AVF was associated with survival benefit only in male (p 〈 0.001) and diabetic (p = 0.04) patients, and with better access patency only in female (p = 0.05) and diabetic (p = 0.04) patients. AVG (vs. AVF; HR 3.158; 95% CI 1.080-9.238; p = 0.036) was associated with poor patient survival. In septuagenarian patients, AVF was associated only with survival benefit (p = 0.01) and there was no advantage in access patency (p = 0.12). However, AVF was superior to AVG in both access patency (p = 0.001) and patient survival (p = 0.03) even with propensity matching. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 AVF is the more desirable VA and its survival benefits warrant its consideration in septuagenarian patients although a prolonged life expectancy is essential to realize the potential benefits of AVF.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0250-8095 , 1421-9670
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000444889
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 7
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    Inhibitory Effect of Pravastatin on Transforming Growth Factor β1-Inducible Gene h3 Expression in a Rat Model of Chronic Cyclosporine Nephropathy
    S. Karger AG ; 2005
    In:  American Journal of Nephrology Vol. 25, No. 6 ( 2005), p. 611-620
    Details
    In: American Journal of Nephrology, S. Karger AG, Vol. 25, No. 6 ( 2005), p. 611-620
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background/Aims: 〈 /i 〉 Overexpression of transforming growth factor β1-inducible gene h3 (βig-h3) is associated with renal scarring in several models of renal disease. We investigated the inhibitory effect of pravastatin on βig-h3 expression in a rat model of chronic cyclosporin A (CsA)-induced nephropathy. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 Adult Sprague Dawley rats kept on a low salt diet (0.05% sodium) were treated daily for 4 weeks with vehicle (olive oil, 1 ml/kg), CsA (15 mg/kg) or both CsA and pravastatin (20 mg/kg in drinking water). The effect of pravastatin on βig-h3 expression was evaluated using in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and immunoblotting. Functional parameters, histopathology (tubulointerstitial fibrosis, TIF, and arteriolopathy), and levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase were compared for the different treatment groups. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 Co-administration of pravastatin significantly inhibited βig-h3 mRNA production and gene expression within the tubulointerstitium of the CsA-treated kidneys, and this paralleled an attenuation of TIF (12.7 ± 2.2 vs. 35.9 ± 5.4%, p 〈 0.01 vs. CsA) and the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA (279 ± 40 vs. 719 ± 85%, p 〈 0.01 vs. CsA). Pravastatin treatment reduced endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein levels and reversed the renal dysfunction caused by CsA. Neither CsA nor pravastatin affected total serum cholesterol or triglyceride levels in the treatment groups. 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 Pravastatin thus effectively abrogated the upregulation of βig-h3 gene expression and associated TGF-β1 production, and this was associated with attenuated TIF in this model of chronic CsA-induced nephropathy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0250-8095 , 1421-9670
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000089905
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 8
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    Clinical Significance of Early-Onset Hyperuricemia in Renal Transplant Recipients
    S. Karger AG ; 2010
    In:  Nephron Clinical Practice Vol. 117, No. 3 ( 2010-9-17), p. c276-c283
    Details
    In: Nephron Clinical Practice, S. Karger AG, Vol. 117, No. 3 ( 2010-9-17), p. c276-c283
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background/Aims: 〈 /i 〉 It is undetermined whether the effect of uric acid (UA) on graft outcome is independent of graft dysfunction. This study was designed to explore whether early-onset hyperuricemia has clinical significance regardless of graft function. 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 This study was conducted based on a retrospective chart review. We calculated time-averaged UA and estimated glomerular filtration rate from the values at 3, 6, and 9 months after transplantation. Cardiovascular complications during follow-up and long-term graft survival were assessed according to UA levels and graft function. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 351 patients were enrolled into this study. Hyperuricemia increased the risk of cardiovascular complications (HR = 2.8, 95% CI 1.1–7.1; p = 0.02), but reduced graft function did not. In the hyperuricemia group, 5- and 10-year graft survival was significantly lower than in the normouricemia group (89 and 81% vs. 96 and 92%, respectively; p = 0.02). In the reduced graft function group, these values were also lower than in the normal graft function group (89 and 81% vs. 96 and 93%, respectively; p = 0.02). In the multivariate analysis, both hyperuricemia and reduced graft function were independent risk factors for graft failure and the presence of both factors presented the highest risk. 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 Early-onset hyperuricemia is a significant predictor of cardiovascular complications and graft survival independently of graft function.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-2110
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000320743
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 9
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    Acute Hepatitis A-Associated Acute Renal Failure in Adults
    S. Karger AG ; 2008
    In:  Nephron Clinical Practice Vol. 109, No. 3 ( 2008-7-25), p. c127-c132
    Details
    In: Nephron Clinical Practice, S. Karger AG, Vol. 109, No. 3 ( 2008-7-25), p. c127-c132
    Abstract: 〈 i 〉 Background/Aims: 〈 /i 〉 The development of acute renal failure (ARF) is a very rare complication in patients with acute hepatitis A (AHA). 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 We retrospectively investigated the overall incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of ARF associated with AHA. Diagnosis of AHA was made according to the typical hepatitis symptoms and positivity of immunoglobulin M anti-hepatitis A virus in 208 patients with AHA. 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 ARF was noted in 12 (5.7%) patients, and dialysis was required in 8 (66%) patients. The median duration of hospitalization for patients with ARF was 18 days (range, 6–50 days). The development of ARF was observed in older patients (p = 0.004) and in patients with diabetes (p = 0.001), excessive alcohol consumption (p = 0.01), prolonged international normalized ratio (p = 0.019), and elevated aspartate aminotransferase concentration (p = 0.034). Multivariate analysis revealed that old age (odds ratio, OR, 1.2), elevated aspartate aminotransferase concentration (OR, 1.05), and diabetes (OR, 18.5) were independent risk factors for ARF (each p 〈 0.001). The prognosis of patients with ARF was good, and renal function recovered completely. 〈 i 〉 Conclusion: 〈 /i 〉 ARF associated with AHA is not rare, and the possibility of AHA should be considered in patients with ARF with hepatic dysfunction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-2110
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000145455
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 10
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    Effect of Pretransplant Rituximab Use on Posttransplant Clinical Outcomes in Patients with High Panel Reactive Antibody Scores
    S. Karger AG ; 2015
    In:  Nephron Vol. 130, No. 4 ( 2015), p. 239-244
    Details
    In: Nephron, S. Karger AG, Vol. 130, No. 4 ( 2015), p. 239-244
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background/Aims: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Whether desensitization treatment is needed before kidney transplant (KT) in patients with high panel reactive antibody (PRA) scores but negative cross-matching (XM) tests remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pretransplant rituximab (RTX) treatment on clinical outcomes in these patients. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The study included 52 patients with PRA 〉 50% but negative XM tests before transplantation. A single dose of RTX was administered before KT in 32 patients (RTX group). The 20 patients without RTX treatment were considered as controls (CON group). We compared the development of acute antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), rejection-free survival, allograft function, allograft and patients' survival rates and infection rates between the 2 groups. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 The rate of acute AMR development was significantly lower in the RTX group than in the CON group (p = 0.009), and rejection-free survival in the RTX group was higher than in the CON group (p = 0.042). The 3-year graft and patient survival rates were higher in the RTX group than in the CON group (p = 0.007 and p = 0.037, respectively). There were no significant differences in infection rates between the groups. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Pretransplant use of RTX improved the post-transplant clinical outcomes in patients with high PRAs but negative XM tests.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-8151 , 2235-3186
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1159/000435924
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2015
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