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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    High endemicity of Opisthorchis viverrini infection among people in northern Cambodia confirmed by adult worm expulsion
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2023-06-14)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2023-06-14)
    Abstract: Opisthorchis viverrini infection is an emerging disease in Cambodia, especially in central and southeastern areas. However, its status in northern areas bordering Lao PDR has been relatively unknown. The present study was performed to investigate the status of O. viverrini infection among people in Preah Vihear and Stung Treng provinces through fecal examination to detect eggs and recovery of adult flukes from some of the egg-positive cases. Fecal examinations were performed on a total of 1101 people from 10 villages in the 2 provinces using the Kato-Katz thick smear technique. For recovery of adult flukes and other helminth parasites 10 volunteers positive for eggs of Opisthorchis viverrini and/or minute intestinal flukes (Ov/MIF), in Kampong Sangkae village, Preah Vihear province, were administered a single oral dose of 40 mg/kg praziquantel plus 5–10 mg/kg of pyrantel pamoate and purged with 40–50 g magnesium salts. Adult trematodes, together with nematodes and cestodes expelled in diarrheic stools were collected under a stereomicroscope or with the naked eye. The proportion of egg-positive cases for overall liver and intestinal helminths was high but not notably different between the 2 provinces, 65.5% in Preah Vihear versus 64.7% in Stung Treng. The average proportion of Ov/MIF egg-positive cases was 59.8%. A total of 315 adult specimens of O. viverrini were recovered from the 10 volunteers (4–98 specimens per individual; mean, 32). A smaller number of Haplorchis taichui adults, an intestinal fluke, were found mixed-infected in 7 (103 specimens in total; 1–31 per individual; mean, 15) of the 10 volunteers. Adult specimens of hookworms, Enterobius vermicularis, Trichostrongylus sp., and a Taenia tapeworm strobila were recovered in some cases. Based on the results, it has been confirmed that the surveyed areas in Preah Vihear and Stung Treng provinces, Cambodia, are highly endemic areas of O. viverrini infection with a low-grade mixed infection with H. taichui .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36544-z
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 2
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    Failure of Repeated MDA with Albendazole for Trichuriasis Control in Schoolchildren of the Yangon Region, Myanmar
    Korean Society for Parasitology ; 2021
    In:  The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol. 59, No. 6 ( 2021-12-22), p. 607-613
    Details
    In: The Korean Journal of Parasitology, Korean Society for Parasitology, Vol. 59, No. 6 ( 2021-12-22), p. 607-613
    Abstract: Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are still a considerable challenge in Myanmar. We undertook a control program for STH infections (especially Trichuris trichiura) among schoolchildren in Myanmar using mass drug administration (MDA) and health education. Around 1,700 schoolchildren from 15 primary schools in 3 suburban districts (Shwe Pyi Thar, Twantay, and Kyauktan) of the Yangon Region were subjected in this study during 2017-2019. All of the schoolchildren in each school were orally administered albendazole (400 mg in a single dose) 2, 3, and 4 times a year in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. The results revealed that the egg positive rate of any intestinal helminths (including STH) was reduced from 37.6% (649/1,724) in 2017 to 22.8% (352/1,542) in 2019. The egg positive rate of Ascaris lumbricoides was decreased remarkably from 23.3% (402/1,724) in 2017 to 3.6% (56/1,542) in 2019. However, that of T. trichiura was only slightly reduced from 26.9% (464/1,724) in 2017 to 20.2% (312/1,542) in 2019. The intensity of infection with A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura was both more or less reduced, and the proportion of light infection cases with A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura increased from 35.6% in 2017 to 64.3% in 2019 and from 70.3% in 2017 to 81.7% in 2019, respectively. The results indicated that repeated MDAs (2-4 times a year for 3 years) using albendazole on schoolchildren in Myanmar failed to control T. trichiura infection. For a successful control of trichuriasis in Myanmar, new MDA strategies, using a modified albendazole regimen (multiple daily doses for 2 or 3 days) or an alternative anthelmintic drug, such as oxantel pamoate, is strongly recommended.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0023-4001 , 1738-0006
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.6.607
    Language: English
    Publisher: Korean Society for Parasitology
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2163174-8
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  • 3
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    Molecular Diagnosis of Pseudoterranova decipiens Sensu Stricto Infections, South Korea, 2002‒2020
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ; 2022
    In:  Emerging Infectious Diseases Vol. 28, No. 6 ( 2022-06)
    Details
    In: Emerging Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Vol. 28, No. 6 ( 2022-06)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1080-6040 , 1080-6059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3201/eid2806.212483
    Language: English
    Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004375-2
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  • 4
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    Parvatrema duboisi (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) Life Cycle Stages in Manila Clams, Ruditapes philippinarum, from Aphae-do (Island), Shinan-gun, Korea
    Korean Society for Parasitology ; 2021
    In:  The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol. 59, No. 1 ( 2021-02-19), p. 83-88
    Details
    In: The Korean Journal of Parasitology, Korean Society for Parasitology, Vol. 59, No. 1 ( 2021-02-19), p. 83-88
    Abstract: Life cycle stages, including daughter sporocysts, cercariae, and metacercariae, of Parvatrema duboisi (Dollfus, 1923) Bartoli, 1974 (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) have been found in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum from Aphaedo (Island), Shinan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea. The daughter sporocysts were elongated sac-like and 307-570 (av. 395) μm long and 101-213 (av. 157) μm wide. Most of the daughter sporocysts contained 15-20 furcocercous cercariae each. The cercariae measured 112-146 (av. 134) μm in total length and 35-46 (av. 40) μm in width, with 69-92 (av. 85) μm long body and 39-54 (av. 49) μm long tail. The metacercariae were 210-250 (av. 231) μm in length and 170-195 (av. 185) μm in width, and characterized by having a large oral sucker, genital pore some distance anterior to the ventral sucker, no ventral pit, and 1 compact or slightly lobed vitellarium, strongly suggesting P. duboisi. The metacercariae were experimentally infected to ICR mice, and adults were recovered at day 7 post-infection. The adult flukes were morphologically similar to the metacercariae except in the presence of up to 20 eggs in the uterus. The daughter sporocysts and metacercariae were molecularly (ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2) analyzed to confirm the species, and the results showed 99.8-99.9% identity with P. duboisi reported from Kyushu, Japan and Gochang, Korea. These results confirmed the presence of various life cycle stages of P. duboisi in the Manila clam, R. philippinarum, playing the role of the first as well as the second intermediate host, on Aphae-do (Island), Shinan-gun, Korea.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0023-4001 , 1738-0006
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.1.83
    Language: English
    Publisher: Korean Society for Parasitology
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 5
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    Echinostoma mekongi n. sp. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) from Riparian People along the Mekong River in Cambodia
    Korean Society for Parasitology ; 2020
    In:  The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol. 58, No. 4 ( 2020-08-25), p. 431-443
    Details
    In: The Korean Journal of Parasitology, Korean Society for Parasitology, Vol. 58, No. 4 ( 2020-08-25), p. 431-443
    Abstract: Echinostoma mekongi n. sp. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) is described based on adult flukes collected from humans residing along the Mekong River in Cambodia. Total 256 flukes were collected from the diarrheic stool of 6 echinostome egg positive villagers in Kratie and Takeo Province after praziquantel treatment and purging. Adults of the new species were 9.0-13.1 (av. 11.3) mm in length and 1.3-2.5 (1.9) mm in maximum width and characterized by having a head collar armed with 37 collar spines (dorsal spines arranged in 2 alternative rows), including 5 end group spines. The eggs in feces and worm uterus were 98-132 (117) μm long and 62-90 (75) μm wide. These morphological features closely resembled those of Echinostoma revolutum, E. miyagawai, and several other 37-collar-spined Echinostoma species. However, sequencing of the nuclear ITS (ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2) and 2 mitochondrial genes, cox1 and 〈 / 〉 nad1, revealed unique features distinct from E. revolutum and also from other 37-collar-spined Echinostoma group available in GenBank (E. bolschewense, E. caproni, E. cinetorchis, E. deserticum, E. miyagawai, E. nasincovae, E. novaezealandense, E. paraensei, E. paraulum, E. robustum, E. trivolvis, and Echinostoma sp. IG). Thus, we assigned our flukes as a new species, E. mekongi. The new species revealed marked variation in the morphology of testes (globular or lobulated), and smaller head collar, collar spines, oral and ventral suckers, and cirrus sac compared to E. revolutum and E. miyagawai. Epidemiological studies regarding the geographical distribution and its life history, including the source of human infections, remain to be performed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0023-4001 , 1738-0006
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2020.58.4.431
    Language: English
    Publisher: Korean Society for Parasitology
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 6
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    Echinostoma miyagawai Ishii, 1932 (Echinostomatidae) from Ducks in Aceh Province, Indonesia with Special Reference to Its Synonymy with Echinostoma robustum Yamaguti, 1935
    Korean Society for Parasitology ; 2021
    In:  The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol. 59, No. 1 ( 2021-02-19), p. 35-45
    Details
    In: The Korean Journal of Parasitology, Korean Society for Parasitology, Vol. 59, No. 1 ( 2021-02-19), p. 35-45
    Abstract: Adult echinostomes having 37 collar spines collected from the intestine of Pitalah ducks in Aceh Province, Indonesia in 2018 were morphologically and molecularly determined to be Echinostoma miyagawai Ishii, 1932 (Digenea: Echinostomatidae). Among 20 ducks examined, 7 (35.0%) were found to be infected with this echinostome, and the number of flukes collected was 48 in total with average 6.9 (1-17) worms per duck. The adult flukes were 7.2 (6.1-8.5) mm in length and 1.2 (1.0-1.4) mm in width (pre-ovarian or testicular level) and characterized by having a head collar armed with 37 collar spines (dorsal spines arranged in 2 alternating rows), including 5 end group spines, and variable morphology of the testes, irregularly or deeply lobed (3-5 lobes) at times with horizontal extension. The eggs within the worm uterus were 93 (79-105) µm long and 62 (56-70) µm wide. These morphological features were consistent with both E. miyagawai and Echinostoma robustum, for which synonymy to each other has been raised. Sequencing of 2 mitochondrial genes, cox1 and nad1, revealed high homology with E. miyagawai (98.6-100% for cox1 and 99.0-99.8% for nad1) and also with E. robustum (99.3-99.8% for nad1) deposited in GenBank. We accepted the synonymy between the 2 species and diagnosed our flukes as E. miyagawai (syn. E. robustum) with redescription of its morphology. Further studies are required to determine the biological characteristics of E. miyagawai in Aceh Province, Indonesia, including the intermediate host and larval stage information.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0023-4001 , 1738-0006
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.1.35
    Language: English
    Publisher: Korean Society for Parasitology
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 7
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    Echinostoma mekongi: Discovery of Its Metacercarial Stage in Snails, Filopaludina martensi cambodjensis, in Pursat Province, Cambodia
    Korean Society for Parasitology ; 2021
    In:  The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol. 59, No. 1 ( 2021-02-19), p. 47-53
    Details
    In: The Korean Journal of Parasitology, Korean Society for Parasitology, Vol. 59, No. 1 ( 2021-02-19), p. 47-53
    Abstract: Echinostoma mekongi was reported as a new species in 2020 based on specimens collected from humans in Kratie and Takeo Province, Cambodia. In the present study, its metacercarial stage has been discovered in Filopaludina martensi cambodjensis snails purchased from a local market nearby the Tonle Sap Lake, Pursat Province, Cambodia. The metacercariae were fed orally to an experimental hamster, and adult flukes were recovered at day 20 post-infection. They were morphologically examined using light and scanning electron microscopes and molecularly analyzed by sequencing of their mitochondrial cox1 and nad1 genes. A total of 115 metacercariae (1-8 per snail) were detected in 60 (60.0%) out of 100 Filopaludina snails examined. The metacercariae were round, 174 µm in average diameter (163-190 µm in range), having a thin cyst wall, a head collar armed with 37 collar spines, and characteristic excretory granules. The adult flukes were elongated, ventrally curved, 7.3 (6.4-8.2)×1.4 (1.1-1.7) mm in size, and equipped with 37 collar spines on the head collar (dorsal spines in 2 alternating rows), being consistent with E. mekongi. In phylogenetic analyses, the adult flukes showed 99.0-100% homology based on cox1 sequences and 98.9-99.7% homology based on nad1 sequences with E. mekongi. The results evidenced that F. martensi cambodjensis snails act as the second intermediate host of E. mekongi, and hamsters can be used as a suitable experimental definitive host. As local people favor to eat undercooked snails, these snails seem to be an important source of human infection with E. mekongi in Cambodia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0023-4001 , 1738-0006
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.1.47
    Language: English
    Publisher: Korean Society for Parasitology
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 8
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    Taxonomy of Echinostoma revolutum and 37-Collar-Spined Echinostoma spp.: A Historical Review
    Korean Society for Parasitology ; 2020
    In:  The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol. 58, No. 4 ( 2020-08-25), p. 343-371
    Details
    In: The Korean Journal of Parasitology, Korean Society for Parasitology, Vol. 58, No. 4 ( 2020-08-25), p. 343-371
    Abstract: Echinostoma flukes armed with 37 collar spines on their head collar are called as 37-collar-spined Echinostoma spp. (group) or ‘Echinostoma revolutum group’. At least 56 nominal species have been described in this group. However, many of them were morphologically close to and difficult to distinguish from the other, thus synonymized with the others. However, some of the synonymies were disagreed by other researchers, and taxonomic debates have been continued. Fortunately, recent development of molecular techniques, in particular, sequencing of the mitochondrial (nad1 and cox1) and nuclear genes (ITS region; ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), has enabled us to obtain highly useful data on phylogenetic relationships of these 37-collar-spined Echinostoma spp. Thus, 16 different species are currently acknowledged to be valid worldwide, which include E. revolutum, E. bolschewense, E. caproni, E. cinetorchis, E. deserticum, E. lindoense, E. luisreyi, E. mekongi, E. miyagawai, E. nasincovae, E. novaezealandense, E. paraensei, E. paraulum, E. robustum, E. trivolvis, and Echinostoma sp. IG of Georgieva et al., 2013. The validity of the other 10 species is retained until further evaluation, including molecular analyses; E. acuticauda, E. barbosai, E. chloephagae, E. echinatum, E. jurini, E. nudicaudatum, E. parvocirrus, E. pinnicaudatum, E. ralli, and E. rodriguesi. In this review, the history of discovery and taxonomic debates on these 26 valid or validity-retained species are briefly reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0023-4001 , 1738-0006
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2020.58.4.343
    Language: English
    Publisher: Korean Society for Parasitology
    Publication Date: 2020
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