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  • Frontiers Media SA  (6)
  • Chiba, Yuto  (6)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Table_2.XLSX
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2020
    In:  Frontiers in Microbiology Vol. 11 ( 2020-10-21)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Microbiology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 11 ( 2020-10-21)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-302X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.561344
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.561344.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.561344.s002
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2587354-4
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Table_2.xlsx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2020
    In:  Frontiers in Microbiology Vol. 11 ( 2020-12-11)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Microbiology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 11 ( 2020-12-11)
    Abstract: The filamentous fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus is one of the most common causal agents of invasive fungal infection in humans; the infection is associated with an alarmingly high mortality rate. In this study, we investigated whether a mycovirus, named AfuPmV-1M, can reduce the virulence of A. fumigatus in a mouse infection model. AfuPmV-1M has high sequence similarity to AfuPmV-1, one of the polymycovirus that is a capsidless four-segment double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus, previously isolated from the genome reference strain of A. fumigatus , Af293. However, we found the isolate had an additional fifth dsRNA segment, referred to as open reading frame 5 (ORF5), which has not been reported in AfuPmV-1. We then established isogenic lines of virus-infected and virus-free A. fumigatus strains. Mycovirus infection had apparent influences on fungal phenotypes, with the virus-infected strain producing a reduced mycelial mass and reduced conidial number in comparison with these features of the virus-free strain. Also, resting conidia of the infected strain showed reduced adherence to pulmonary epithelial cells and reduced tolerance to macrophage phagocytosis. In an immunosuppressed mouse infection model, the virus-infected strain showed reduced mortality in comparison with mortality due to the virus-free strain. RNA sequencing and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the virus suppressed the expression of genes for gliotoxin synthesis and its production at the mycelial stage. Conversely, the virus enhanced gene expression and biosynthesis of fumagillin. Viral RNA expression was enhanced during conidial maturation, conidial germination, and the mycelial stage. We presume that the RNA or translation products of the virus affected fungal phenotypes, including spore formation and toxin synthesis. To identify the mycovirus genes responsible for attenuation of fungal virulence, each viral ORF was ectopically expressed in the virus-free KU strain. We found that the expression of ORF2 and ORF5 reduced fungal virulence in the mouse model. In addition, ORF3 affected the stress tolerance of host A. fumigatus in culture. We hypothesize that the respective viral genes work cooperatively to suppress the pathogenicity of the fungal host.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-302X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.607795
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.607795.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.607795.s002
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.607795.s003
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2587354-4
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Consensus statement from the first RdRp Summit: advancing RNA virus discovery at scale across communities
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2024
    In:  Frontiers in Virology Vol. 4 ( 2024-4-4)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Virology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 4 ( 2024-4-4)
    Abstract: Improved RNA virus understanding is critical to studying animal and plant health, and environmental processes. However, the continuous and rapid RNA virus evolution makes their identification and characterization challenging. While recent sequence-based advances have led to extensive RNA virus discovery, there is growing variation in how RNA viruses are identified, analyzed, characterized, and reported. To this end, an RdRp Summit was organized and a hybrid meeting took place in Valencia, Spain in May 2023 to convene leading experts with emphasis on early career researchers (ECRs) across diverse scientific communities. Here we synthesize key insights and recommendations and offer these as a first effort to establish a consensus framework for advancing RNA virus discovery. First, we need interoperability through standardized methodologies, data-sharing protocols, metadata provision and interdisciplinary collaborations and offer specific examples as starting points. Second, as an emergent field, we recognize the need to incorporate cutting-edge technologies and knowledge early and often to improve omic-based viral detection and annotation as novel capabilities reveal new biology. Third, we underscore the significance of ECRs in fostering international partnerships to promote inclusivity and equity in virus discovery efforts. The proposed consensus framework serves as a roadmap for the scientific community to collectively contribute to the tremendous challenge of unveiling the RNA virosphere.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2673-818X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2024.1371958
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3100943-8
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  • 4
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    Data_Sheet_1.xlsx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Microbiology Vol. 13 ( 2022-10-6)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Microbiology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2022-10-6)
    Abstract: RNA viruses in fungi (mycoviruses) are model systems for understanding the relationships between eukaryotic microorganisms and RNA viruses. To reveal the effects of mycoviruses on host fungi, it is essential to compare the phenotypes between isogenic fungal isolates with or without RNA virus infection. Since active entry machinery for RNA mycoviruses has never been identified, introducing mycoviruses to fungi is a difficult and time-consuming process. Therefore, most studies have tried to generate virus-free isolates from infected strains by eliminating the mycovirus. However, methods of elimination have not been evaluated in a quantitative and comparative manner. In this study, we established a method to remove mycoviruses from host cells using the antiviral drugs ribavirin, 2′-C-methylcytidine (2CMC), 2′-C-methyladenosine (2CMA), and 7d2CMA, and compared the efficiency of removal in virus-infected strains of Aspergillus fumigatus . The results indicated that treatment with the drugs removed RNA viruses of diverse proportions in the families Chrysoviridae, Mitoviridae, Partitiviridae, Polymycoviridae, and an unclassified RNA virus group. Viruses belonging to Narnaviridae were hardly eliminated by these antiviral treatments when they were the sole infectious agents. We found that 2CMC showed activity against a wider range of RNA mycoviruses compared to ribavirin, 2CMA, and 7d2CMA, although 7d2CMA also efficiently removed dsRNA viruses from the families Chrysoviridae , Partitiviridae , and Polymycoviridae . These results indicated that removal of mycoviruses depends on the specific viral species and antiviral drug. This is the first report demonstrating a preferential antiviral effect against mycoviruses, which will enhance research on microbial RNA viruses and support their elimination from economically important fungi such as edible mushrooms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-302X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1024933
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1024933.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2587354-4
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Noninvasive measurement of blood calcium concentration using electrocardiography in peripartum Jersey cows
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Veterinary Science Vol. 10 ( 2023-10-11)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 10 ( 2023-10-11)
    Abstract: We previously developed a noninvasive method for measuring blood calcium concentration (Ca) in Holstein cows on site using electrocardiographic (ECG) variables and calving number, based on a high positive correlation between Ca. Jersey cows easily develop peripartum hypocalcemia compared with other dairy cows. The early detection and treatment of hypocalcemia are particularly important for Jersey cows because delayed treatment can result in various complications. In this study, to establish a simple, noninvasive, on-site diagnosis of hypocalcemia in perinatal Jersey cows, we attempted to create an equation for estimating Ca using ECG waveforms. Overall, 112 Jersey cows 0–2 days postpartum were used. The ECG findings of these cows were measured using the base-apex lead for 30 s and the corrected ST interval (STc = ST peak interval/SS peak interval 0.5 ) was calculated. Simultaneously, blood was collected from the tail vein, and the serum total Ca (tCa) and serum ionized Ca (iCa) were measured. Several items considered related to Ca were investigated. A strong positive correlation was observed between the tCa and iCa ( r  = 0.96). A positive correlation was observed between the tCa and STc −1 ( r  = 0.83). Furthermore, significant correlations were observed between skin temperature, calving number, vigor level, rumen movement, and auricle temperature ( p   & lt; 0.05). Of these, multiple regression analysis was performed to calculate the tCa estimation formula with the STc and calving number (categorized into primipara, second parity, and third or more parity) as explanatory variables and the tCa as the objective variable ( r  = 0.85, p   & lt; 0.01). Of 15 postpartum Jersey cows, the estimation formula could mostly distinguish between cows with hypocalcemia, those with subclinical hypocalcemia, and normal cows. Blood Ca in peripartum Jersey cows can be noninvasively estimated using ECG variables and calving number.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2297-1769
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1198367
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2834243-4
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Data_Sheet_1.pdf
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Microbiology Vol. 11 ( 2021-1-20)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Microbiology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 11 ( 2021-1-20)
    Abstract: Late male-killing, a male-specific death after hatching, is a unique phenotype found in Homona magnanima , oriental tea tortrix. The male-killing agent was suspected to be an RNA virus, but details were unknown. We herein successfully isolated and identified the putative male-killing virus as Osugoroshi viruses (OGVs). The three RNA-dependent RNA polymerase genes detected were phylogenetically related to Partitiviridae, a group of segmented double-stranded RNA viruses. Purified dsRNA from a late male-killing strain of H. magnanima revealed 24 segments, in addition to the RdRps, with consensus terminal sequences. These segments included the previously found male-killing agents MK1068 (herein OGV-related RNA16) and MK1241 (OGV-related RNA7) RNAs. Ultramicroscopic observation of purified virions, which induced late male-killing in the progeny of injected moths, showed sizes typical of Partitiviridae. Mathematical modeling showed the importance of late male-killing in facilitating horizontal transmission of OGVs in an H. magnanima population. This study is the first report on the isolation of partiti-like virus from insects, and one thought to be associated with late male-killing, although the viral genomic contents and combinations in each virus are still unknown.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-302X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.620623
    DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.620623.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2587354-4
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