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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Convective Transition Statistics over Tropical Oceans for Climate Model Diagnostics: GCM Evaluation
    American Meteorological Society ; 2020
    In:  Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Vol. 77, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 379-403
    Details
    In: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 77, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 379-403
    Abstract: To assess deep convective parameterizations in a variety of GCMs and examine the fast-time-scale convective transition, a set of statistics characterizing the pickup of precipitation as a function of column water vapor (CWV), PDFs and joint PDFs of CWV and precipitation, and the dependence of the moisture–precipitation relation on tropospheric temperature is evaluated using the hourly output of two versions of the GFDL Atmospheric Model, version 4 (AM4), NCAR CAM5 and superparameterized CAM (SPCAM). The 6-hourly output from the MJO Task Force (MJOTF)/GEWEX Atmospheric System Study (GASS) project is also analyzed. Contrasting statistics produced from individual models that primarily differ in representations of moist convection suggest that convective transition statistics can substantially distinguish differences in convective representation and its interaction with the large-scale flow, while models that differ only in spatial–temporal resolution, microphysics, or ocean–atmosphere coupling result in similar statistics. Most of the models simulate some version of the observed sharp increase in precipitation as CWV exceeds a critical value, as well as that convective onset occurs at higher CWV but at lower column RH as temperature increases. While some models quantitatively capture these observed features and associated probability distributions, considerable intermodel spread and departures from observations in various aspects of the precipitation–CWV relationship are noted. For instance, in many of the models, the transition from the low-CWV, nonprecipitating regime to the moist regime for CWV around and above critical is less abrupt than in observations. Additionally, some models overproduce drizzle at low CWV, and some require CWV higher than observed for strong precipitation. For many of the models, it is particularly challenging to simulate the probability distributions of CWV at high temperature.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-4928 , 1520-0469
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-19-0132.1
    DOI: 10.1175/jas-d-19-0132.s1
    RVK:
    UA 4800
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 218351-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2025890-2
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Thermodynamic and Dynamic Responses to Deforestation in the Maritime Continent: A Modeling Study
    American Meteorological Society ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 32, No. 12 ( 2019-06-15), p. 3505-3527
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 32, No. 12 ( 2019-06-15), p. 3505-3527
    Abstract: Tropical deforestation can result in substantial changes in local surface energy and water budgets, and thus in atmospheric stability. These effects may in turn yield changes in precipitation. The Maritime Continent (MC) has undergone severe deforestation during the past few decades but it has received less attention than the deforestation in the Amazon and Congo rain forests. In this study, numerical deforestation experiments are conducted with global (i.e., Community Earth System Model) and regional climate models (i.e., Regional Climate Model version 4.6) to investigate precipitation responses to MC deforestation. The results show that the deforestation in the MC region leads to increases in both surface temperature and local precipitation. Atmospheric moisture budget analysis reveals that the enhanced precipitation is associated more with the dynamic component than with the thermodynamic component of the vertical moisture advection term. Further analyses on the vertical profile of moist static energy indicate that the atmospheric instability over the deforested areas is increased as a result of anomalous moistening at approximately 800–850 hPa and anomalous warming extending from the surface to 750 hPa. This instability favors ascending air motions, which enhance low-level moisture convergence. Moreover, the vertical motion increases associated with the MC deforestation are comparable to those generated by La Niña events. These findings offer not only mechanisms to explain the local climatic responses to MC deforestation but also insights into the possible reasons for disagreements among climate models in simulating the precipitation responses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0310.1
    DOI: 10.1175/jcli-d-18-0310.s1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Zn dots coherently grown as the seed and buffer layers on Si(111) for ZnO thin film: Mechanism, in situ analysis, and simulation
    American Vacuum Society ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A Vol. 40, No. 6 ( 2022-12-01)
    Details
    In: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A, American Vacuum Society, Vol. 40, No. 6 ( 2022-12-01)
    Abstract: In conventional ZnO/Si heterostructures, a buffer layer is usually required to compensate the mismatch between the host substrate and the grown thin film. However, poor quality of buffer layers might lead to severe crystalline misorientation and defects. In this work, we demonstrate that collective oxidized Zn dots act as buffer and seed layers for the growth of high surface quality ZnO thin films on Si(111) by rf-sputtering, and we further in situ analyze the structural evolution by reflective second harmonic generation (RSHG). The collective Zn dots grown on Si(111) were oxidized with exposure to ozone gas under proper Ultraviolet-C (UVC) irradiation, and then these ZnO shells formed seed layers to promote the nucleation process for subsequent ZnO thin film growth. Besides, RSHG was performed in situ to observe the net symmetrical dipole contribution at each fabrication steps and analyzed the surface quality of the ZnO thin film. Consistent with the analyses of synchrotron x-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy, the RSHG results analyzed with simplified bond-hyperpolarizability model fitting revealed that well oxidized Zn dot-embedded ZnO films grown on Si(111) exhibit a 3m-symmetrical surface structure, and that excessive oxidation time led to ZnO2 formation and higher roughness. Our results demonstrate the efficient approach toward high-surface-quality ZnO thin film by rf-sputtering, verifying that the quality of ZnO shell covering Zn dot grown on Si(111) is the focal factor for the sequent ZnO thin film growth.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0734-2101 , 1520-8559
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1116/5.0106583
    RVK:
    UA 4921
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Vacuum Society
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475424-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 797704-9
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of Doped Insulating Nanoparticles on the Electro-Optical Characteristics of Nematic Liquid Crystals
    IOP Publishing ; 2009
    In:  Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Vol. 48, No. 1 ( 2009-1-20), p. 015006-
    Details
    In: Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, IOP Publishing, Vol. 48, No. 1 ( 2009-1-20), p. 015006-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-4922 , 1347-4065
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1143/JJAP.48.015006
    RVK:
    UA 4210.1
    RVK:
    UA 4210.2
    RVK:
    UA 4210
    Language: English
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 218223-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 797294-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006801-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 797295-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Observation of a strong-coupling effect on electron-ion collisions in ultracold plasmas
    American Physical Society (APS) ; 2017
    In:  Physical Review E Vol. 96, No. 1 ( 2017-7-7)
    Details
    In: Physical Review E, American Physical Society (APS), Vol. 96, No. 1 ( 2017-7-7)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2470-0045 , 2470-0053
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.96.013203
    RVK:
    UA 6500.3.E
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2844562-4
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluating the Bias of South China Sea Summer Monsoon Precipitation Associated with Fast Physical Processes Using a Climate Model Hindcast Approach
    American Meteorological Society ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 32, No. 14 ( 2019-07-15), p. 4491-4507
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 32, No. 14 ( 2019-07-15), p. 4491-4507
    Abstract: The present study aims to identify the precipitation bias associated with the interactions among fast physical processes in the Community Atmospheric Model, version 5 (CAM5), during the abrupt onset of the South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon, a key precursor of the overall East Asia summer monsoon (EASM). The multiyear hindcast approach is utilized to obtain the well-constrained synoptic-scale horizontal circulation each year during the onset period from the years 1998 to 2012. In the pre-onset period, the ocean precipitation over the SCS is insufficiently suppressed in CAM5 hindcasts and thus weaker land–ocean precipitation contrasts. This is associated with the weaker and shallower convection simulated over the surrounding land, producing weaker local circulation within the SCS basin. In the post-onset period, rainfall of the organized convection over the Philippine coastal ocean is underestimated in the hindcasts, with overestimated upper-level heating. These biases are further elaborated as the underrepresentation of the convection diurnal cycle and coastal convection systems, as well as the issue of precipitation sensitivity to environmental moisture during the SCS onset period. The biases identified in hindcasts are consistent with the general bias of the EASM in the climate simulation of CAM5. The current results highlight that the appropriate representation of land–ocean–convection interactions over coastal areas can potentially improve the simulation of seasonal transition over the monsoon regions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0660.1
    DOI: 10.1175/jcli-d-18-0660.s1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Relationship between Microstructure and Electrical Properties of ZnO-based Multilayer Varistor
    IOP Publishing ; 2006
    In:  Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Vol. 45, No. 6A ( 2006-6-8), p. 5126-5131
    Details
    In: Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, IOP Publishing, Vol. 45, No. 6A ( 2006-6-8), p. 5126-5131
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-4922 , 1347-4065
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1143/JJAP.45.5126
    RVK:
    UA 4210.1
    RVK:
    UA 4210.2
    RVK:
    UA 4210
    Language: English
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 218223-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 797294-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006801-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 797295-7
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Influences of Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves on Multiscale Rainfall Variability over the South China Sea and Maritime Continent in December 2016
    American Meteorological Society ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 32, No. 20 ( 2019-10-15), p. 6977-6993
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 32, No. 20 ( 2019-10-15), p. 6977-6993
    Abstract: We studied the scale interactions of the convectively coupled Kelvin waves (KWs) over the South China Sea (SCS) and Maritime Continent (MC) during December 2016. Three KWs were observed near the equator in this month while the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) was inactive. The impacts of these KWs on the rainfall variability of various time scales are diagnosed, including synoptic disturbances, diurnal cycle (DC), and the onset of the Australian monsoon. Four interaction events between the KWs and the westward-propagating waves over the off-equatorial regions were examined; two events led to KW enhancements and the other two contributed to the formation of a tropical depression/tropical cyclone. Over the KW convectively active region of the MC, the DC of precipitation was enhanced in major islands and neighboring oceans. Over the land, the DC hot spots were modulated depending on the background winds and the terrain effects. Over the ocean, the “coastal regime” of the DC appeared at specific coastal areas. Last, the Australian summer monsoon onset occurred with the passage of a KW, which provided favorable conditions of low-level westerlies and initial convection over southern MC and the Arafura Sea. This effect may be helped by the warm sea surface temperature anomalies associated with the La Niña condition of this month. The current results showcase that KWs and their associated scale interactions can provide useful references for weather monitoring and forecast of this region when the MJO is absent.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0471.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Observation-Based Index to Investigate the Role of the Lee Vortex in Enhancing Air Pollution over Northwestern Taiwan
    American Meteorological Society ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology Vol. 62, No. 3 ( 2023-03), p. 427-439
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 62, No. 3 ( 2023-03), p. 427-439
    Abstract: This study quantifies the potential effect of the lee vortex on the fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) pollution deterioration under the complex topography in Taiwan using observational data. We select the lee-vortex days that favor the development of the lee vortices in northwestern Taiwan under the southeasterly synoptic winds. We then define the enhancement index that discerns the areas with the high occurrence frequencies of the PM 2.5 enhancement under the flow regime relative to the seasonal background concentrations. Under the lee-vortex days, the center of western Taiwan exhibits enhancement indices higher than 0.65. In addition, during the consecutive lee-vortex days, the index characterizes a northward shift in the PM 2.5 -enhanced areas under the subtle transition of the background wind directions. The areas with indices higher than 0.65 expand on the second day in northwestern Taiwan; the number of stations exhibiting indices higher than 0.8 increases by threefold from the first to the second day. The idealized numerical simulations using the Taiwan vector vorticity equation cloud-resolving model (TaiwanVVM) explicitly resolve the structures of leeside circulations and the associated pollutant transport, and their evolutions are highly sensitive to the background winds. Significance Statement Our study investigates the challenging question of local circulation patterns affected by mountain orography and the associated pollutant transport. We analyzed long-term balloon sounding and ground station observations to select the weather regime favoring the formation of lee vortices on Taiwan island. We then quantified the areas with a frequent enhancement of particulate pollutants. The long-term trend of the lee-vortex days exhibited a significant increase in the past decades. The pollution enhancement areas are highly consistent with the regions dominated by leeside local circulation. Together with the idealized high-resolution simulations, we identified that the detailed evolution of the lee vortices is highly sensitive to the subtle changes in background wind direction and hence the redistribution of local pollution.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1558-8424 , 1558-8432
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JAMC-D-22-0102.1
    DOI: 10.1175/JAMC-D-22-0102.s1
    RVK:
    UA 4547
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2227779-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2227759-6
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Influence of particle size on the ion effect of TiO 2 nanoparticle doped nematic liquid crystal cell
    IOP Publishing ; 2014
    In:  Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Vol. 53, No. 7 ( 2014-07-01), p. 071701-
    Details
    In: Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, IOP Publishing, Vol. 53, No. 7 ( 2014-07-01), p. 071701-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-4922 , 1347-4065
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.7567/JJAP.53.071701
    RVK:
    UA 4210.1
    RVK:
    UA 4210.2
    RVK:
    UA 4210
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 218223-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 797294-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006801-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 797295-7
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