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  • MDPI AG  (63)
  • Chen, Qin  (63)
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  • MDPI AG  (63)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global Profiling of Dynamic Alternative Splicing Modulation in Arabidopsis Root upon Ralstonia solanacearum Infection
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Genes Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2020-09-15), p. 1078-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2020-09-15), p. 1078-
    Abstract: Alternative splicing (AS) is an important mechanism by which eukaryotes regulate transcription and protein diversity. The dynamic changes in AS that occur on a genome-wide scale during interactions between plant roots and pathogens remain unknown. Here, we used the interaction between Arabidopsis and Ralstonia solanacearum as a model to explore the AS changes that take place during the response of roots to infection by means of high-throughput RNA-sequencing. We showed that dynamic changes in AS occur much earlier than changes at the level of transcription during R.solanacearum infection. Comparing genes that are regulated at the transcriptional and AS levels indicated that there are few common genes between differentially spliced genes (DSGs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The functional gene ontology (GO) analysis identified that the enriched GO terms for the DSGs were different from those of the DEGs. The DSGs were over-represented in GO terms associated with post-transcriptional and translational regulations, suggesting that AS may act on RNA stability and during post-translation, thus affecting the output of plant defense molecules. Meanwhile, changes in DSGs were infection stage-specific. Furthermore, the nucleotide binding domain and leucine-rich repeat proteins and receptor-like kinases, key regulators in plant immunity, were shown to undergo dynamic changes in AS in response to R. solanacearum. Taken together, AS, along with transcription, modulates plant root defense to R. solanacearum through transcriptome reprogramming.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes11091078
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Experimental Comparison of Photothermal Conversion Efficiency of Gold Nanotriangle and Nanorod in Laser Induced Thermal Therapy
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 7, No. 12 ( 2017-11-26), p. 416-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 12 ( 2017-11-26), p. 416-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano7120416
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Self-Supervised Pre-Training Joint Framework: Assisting Lightweight Detection Network for Underwater Object Detection
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2023-03-13), p. 604-
    Details
    In: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2023-03-13), p. 604-
    Abstract: In the computer vision field, underwater object detection has been a challenging task. Due to the attenuation of light in a medium and the scattering of light by suspended particles in water, underwater optical images often face the problems of color distortion and target feature blurring, which greatly affect the detection accuracy of underwater object detection. Although deep learning-based algorithms have achieved state-of-the-art results in the field of object detection, most of them cannot be applied to practice because of the limited computing capacity of a low-power processor embedded in unmanned underwater vehicles. This paper proposes a lightweight underwater object detection network based on the YOLOX model called LUO-YOLOX. A novel weighted ghost-CSPDarknet and simplified PANet were used in LUO-YOLOX to reduce the parameters of the whole model. Moreover, aiming to solve the problems of color distortion and unclear features of targets in underwater images, this paper proposes an efficient self-supervised pre-training joint framework based on underwater auto-encoder transformation (UAET). After the end-to-end pre-training process with the self-supervised pre-training joint framework, the backbone of the object detection network can extract more essential and robust features from degradation images when retrained on underwater datasets. Numerous experiments on the URPC2021 and detecting underwater objects (DUO) datasets verify the performance of our proposed method. Our work can assist unmanned underwater vehicles to perform underwater object detection tasks more accurately.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-1312
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jmse11030604
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2738390-8
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nonlinear Maximum Power Point Tracking Control Method for Wind Turbines Considering Dynamics
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2020-01-23), p. 811-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2020-01-23), p. 811-
    Abstract: A combined strategy of torque error feed-forward control and blade-pitch angle servo control is proposed to improve the dynamic power capture for wind turbine maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Aerodynamic torque is estimated using the unscented Kalman filter (UKF). Wind speed and tip speed ratio (TSR) are estimated using the Newton–Raphson method. The error between the estimated aerodynamic torque and the steady optimal torque is used as the feed-forward signal to control the generator torque. The gain parameters in the feed-forward path are nonlinearly regulated by the estimated generator speed. The estimated TSR is used as the reference signal for the optimal blade-pitch angle regulation at non-optimal TSR working points, which can improve the wind power capture for a wider non-optimal TSR range. The Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures, and Turbulence (FAST) code is used to simulate the aerodynamics and mechanical aspects of wind turbines while MATLAB/SIMULINK is used to simulate the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) system. The example of a 5 MW wind turbine model reveals that the new method is able to improve the dynamic response of wind turbine MPPT and wind power capture.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app10030811
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genetic Channelization Mechanism of Four Chalcone Isomerase Homologous Genes for Synergistic Resistance to Fusarium wilt in Gossypium barbadense L.
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 19 ( 2023-09-30), p. 14775-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 19 ( 2023-09-30), p. 14775-
    Abstract: Duplication events occur very frequently during plant evolution. The genes in the duplicated pathway or network can evolve new functions through neofunctionalization and subfunctionalization. Flavonoids are secondary metabolites involved in plant development and defense. Our previous transcriptomic analysis of F6 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and the parent lines after Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (Fov) infection showed that CHI genes have important functions in cotton. However, there are few reports on the possible neofunctionalization differences of CHI family paralogous genes involved in Fusarium wilt resistance in cotton. In this study, the resistance to Fusarium wilt, expression of metabolic pathway-related genes, metabolite content, endogenous hormone content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and subcellular localization of four paralogous CHI family genes in cotton were investigated. The results show that the four paralogous CHI family genes may play a synergistic role in Fusarium wilt resistance. These results revealed a genetic channelization mechanism that can regulate the metabolic flux homeostasis of flavonoids under the mediation of endogenous salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) via the four paralogous CHI genes, thereby achieving disease resistance. Our study provides a theoretical basis for studying the evolutionary patterns of homologous plant genes and using homologous genes for molecular breeding.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914775
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analysis of Risk Factors for White Matter Hyperintensity in Older Adults without Stroke
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Brain Sciences Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2023-05-22), p. 835-
    Details
    In: Brain Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2023-05-22), p. 835-
    Abstract: Background: White matter hyperintensity (WMH) is prevalent in older adults aged 60 and above. A large proportion of people with WMH have not experienced stroke and little has been reported in the literature. Methods: The case data of patients aged ≥60 years without stroke in Wuhan Tongji Hospital from January 2015 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. It was a cross-sectional study. Univariate analysis and logistic regression were used to analyze independent risk factors for WMH. The severity of WMH was assessed using the Fazekas scores. The participants with WMH were divided into periventricular white matter hyperintensity (PWMH) group and deep white matter hyperintensity (DWMH) group, then the risk factors of WMH severity were explored separately. Results: Eventually, 655 patients were included; among the patients, 574 (87.6%) were diagnosed with WMH. Binary logistic regression showed that age and hypertension were associated with the prevalence of WMH. Ordinal logistic regression showed that age, homocysteine, and proteinuria were associated with the severity of WMH. Age and proteinuria were associated with the severity of PWMH. Age and proteinuria were associated with the severity of DWMH. Conclusions: The present study showed that in patients aged ≥60 years without stroke, age and hypertension were independent risk factors for the prevalence of WMH; while the increasing of age, homocysteine, and proteinuria were associated with greater WMH burden.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050835
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651993-8
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genome-Wide Analysis of the Lateral Organ Boundaries Domain (LBD) Gene Family in Solanum tuberosum
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 20, No. 21 ( 2019-10-28), p. 5360-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 21 ( 2019-10-28), p. 5360-
    Abstract: Lateral organ boundaries domain (LBD) proteins belong to a particular class of transcription factors of lateral organ boundary (LOB) specific domains that play essential roles in plant growth and development. However, a potato phylogenetic analysis of the LBD family has not been fully studied by scholars and researchers. In this research, bioinformatics methods and the growth of potatoes were used to identify 43 StLBD proteins. We separated them into seven subfamilies: Ia, Ib, Ic, Id, Ie, IIa and IIb. The number of amino acids encoded by the potato LBD family ranged from 94 to 327. The theoretical isoelectric point distribution ranged from 4.16 to 9.12 Kda, and they were distributed among 10 chromosomes. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression levels of StLBD2-6 and StLBD3-5 were up-regulated under drought stress in the stem. The expression levels of StLBD1-5 and StLBD2-6 were down-regulated in leaves. We hypothesized that StLBD1-5 was down-regulated under drought stress, and that StLBD2-6 and StLBD3-5 up-regulation might help to maintain the normal metabolism of potato and enhance the potatoes’ resistance to drought.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215360
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genome-Wide Analysis and Expression Profiling of the Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Gene Family in Solanum tuberosum
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 12 ( 2022-06-20), p. 6833-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 12 ( 2022-06-20), p. 6833-
    Abstract: Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase is one of the most widely studied enzymes in the plant kingdom. It is a crucial pathway from primary metabolism to significant secondary phenylpropanoid metabolism in plants, and plays an essential role in plant growth, development, and stress defense. Although PAL has been studied in many actual plants, only one report has been reported on potato, one of the five primary staple foods in the world. In this study, 14 StPAL genes were identified in potato for the first time using a genome-wide bioinformatics analysis, and the expression patterns of these genes were further investigated using qRT-PCR. The results showed that the expressions of StPAL1, StPAL6, StPAL8, StPAL12, and StPAL13 were significantly up-regulated under drought and high temperature stress, indicating that they may be involved in the stress defense of potato against high temperature and drought. The expressions of StPAL1, StPAL2, and StPAL6 were significantly up-regulated after MeJa hormone treatment, indicating that these genes are involved in potato chemical defense mechanisms. These three stresses significantly inhibited the expression of StPAL7, StPAL10, and StPAL11, again proving that PAL is a multifunctional gene family, which may give plants resistance to multiple and different stresses. In the future, people may improve critical agronomic traits of crops by introducing other PAL genes. This study aims to deepen the understanding of the versatility of the PAL gene family and provide a valuable reference for further genetic improvement of the potato.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126833
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Histological, Effectoromic, and Transcriptomic Analyses of Solanum pinnatisectum Reveal an Upregulation of Multiple NBS-LRR Genes Suppressing Phytophthora infestans Infection
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 9 ( 2020-05-01), p. 3211-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 9 ( 2020-05-01), p. 3211-
    Abstract: Utilization of disease resistance components from wild potatoes is a promising and sustainable approach to control Phytophthora blight. Here, we combined avirulence (Avr) genes screen with RNA-seq analysis to discover the potential mechanism of resistance in Mexican wild potato species, Solanum pinnatisectum. Histological characterization displayed that hyphal expansion was significantly restricted in epidermal cells and mesophyll cell death was predominant, indicating that a typical defense response was initiated in S. pinnatisectum. Inoculation of S. pinnatisectum with diverse Phytophthora infestans isolates showed distinct resistance patterns, suggesting that S. pinnatisectum has complex genetic resistance to most of the prevalent races of P. infestans in northwestern China. Further analysis by Avr gene screens and comparative transcriptomic profiling revealed the presence and upregulation of multiple plant NBS-LRR genes corresponding to biotic stresses. Six NBS-LRR alleles of R1, R2, R3a, R3b, R4, and Rpi-smira2 were detected, and over 60% of the 112 detected NLR proteins were significantly induced in S. pinnatisectum. On the contrary, despite the expression of the Rpi-blb1, Rpi-vnt1, and Rpi-smira1 alleles, fewer NLR proteins were expressed in susceptible Solanum cardophyllum. Thus, the enriched NLR genes in S. pinnatisectum make it an ideal genetic resource for the discovery and deployment of resistance genes for potato breeding.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093211
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Chalcone Isomerase Family in Cotton: Whole-Genome Bioinformatic and Expression Analyses of the Gossypium barbadense L. Response to Fusarium Wilt Infection
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Genes Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2019-12-04), p. 1006-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2019-12-04), p. 1006-
    Abstract: Chalcone isomerase (CHI) is a key component of phenylalanine metabolism that can produce a variety of flavonoids. However, little information and no systematic analysis of CHI genes is available for cotton. Here, we identified 33 CHI genes in the complete genome sequences of four cotton species (Gossypium arboretum L., Gossypium raimondii L., Gossypium hirsutum L., and Gossypium barbadense L.). Cotton CHI proteins were classified into two main groups, and whole-genome/segmental and dispersed duplication events were important in CHI gene family expansion. qRT-PCR and semiquantitative RT-PCR results suggest that CHI genes exhibit temporal and spatial variation and respond to infection with Fusarium wilt race 7. A preliminary model of CHI gene involvement in cotton evolution was established. Pairwise comparison revealed that seven CHI genes showed higher expression in cultivar 06-146 than in cultivar Xinhai 14. Overall, this whole-genome identification unlocks a new approach to the comprehensive functional analysis of the CHI gene family, which may be involved in adaptation to plant pathogen stress.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes10121006
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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