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  • MDPI AG  (7)
  • Chen, Chung-Hwan  (7)
  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Intra-Articular Injection of (−)-Epigallocatechin 3-Gallate (EGCG) Ameliorates Cartilage Degeneration in Guinea Pigs with Spontaneous Osteoarthritis
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2021-01-26), p. 178-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2021-01-26), p. 178-
    Kurzfassung: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disease that causes an enormous burden of disease worldwide. (−)-Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) has been reported to reduce post-traumatic OA progression through its anti-inflammatory property. Aging is the most crucial risk factor of OA, and the majority of OA incidences are related to age and not trauma. In this study, we assess whether EGCG can ameliorate cartilage degradation in primary OA. In an in-vitro study, real-time PCR was performed to assess the expression of genes associated with human articular chondrocyte homeostasis. A spontaneously occurring OA model in guinea pigs was used to investigate the effect of EGCG in vivo. OA severity was evaluated using Safranin O staining and Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scores, as well as by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis to determine the protein level of type II collagen (Col II), matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13), and p16 ink4a in articular cartilage. In the in-vitro study, EGCG increased the gene expression of aggrecan and Col II and decreased the expression of interleukin-1, cyclooxygenase 2, MMP-13, alkaline phosphatase, Col X, and p16 Ink4a; EGCG treatment also attenuated the degraded cartilage with a lower OARSI score. Meanwhile, IHC results showed that EGCG exerted an anti-OA effect by reducing ECM degradation, cartilage inflammation, and cell senescence with a less-immunostained Col II, MMP-13, and p16 Ink4a. In conclusion, these findings suggest that EGCG may be a potential disease-modifying OA drug for the treatment of primary OA.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020178
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Green Tea Catechin (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) Facilitates Fracture Healing
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Biomolecules Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2020-04-16), p. 620-
    Details
    In: Biomolecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2020-04-16), p. 620-
    Kurzfassung: Green tea drinking can ameliorate postmenopausal osteoporosis by increasing the bone mineral density. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the abundant and active compound of tea catechin, was proven to be able to reduce bone loss and ameliorate microarchitecture in female ovariectomized rats. EGCG can also enhance the osteogenic differentiation of murine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and inhibit the osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells by modulation of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegrin (OPG) (RANK/RANKL/OPG) pathway. Our previous study also found that EGCG can promote bone defect healing in the distal femur partially via bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Considering the osteoinduction property of BMP-2, we hypothesized that EGCG could accelerate the bone healing process with an increased expression of BMP-2. In this manuscript, we studied whether the local use of EGCG can facilitate tibial fracture healing. Fifty-six 4-month-old rats were randomly assigned to two groups after being weight-matched: a control group with vehicle treatment (Ctrl) and a study group with 10 µmol/L, 40 µL, EGCG treatment (EGCG). Two days after the operation, the rats were treated daily with EGCG or vehicle by percutaneous local injection for 2 weeks. The application of EGCG enhanced callus formation by increasing the bone volume and subsequently improved the mechanical properties of the tibial bone, including the maximal load, break load, stiffness, and Young’s modulus. The results of the histology and BMP-2 immunohistochemistry staining showed that EGCG treatment accelerated the bone matrix formation and produced a stronger expression of BMP-2. Taken together, this study for the first time demonstrated that local treatment of EGCG can accelerate the fracture healing process at least partly via BMP-2.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2218-273X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biom10040620
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2701262-1
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Discoidin Domain Receptors 1 Inhibition Alleviates Osteoarthritis via Enhancing Autophagy
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 19 ( 2020-09-23), p. 6991-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 19 ( 2020-09-23), p. 6991-
    Kurzfassung: We recently reported that the chondrocyte-specific knockout of discoidin domain receptors 1 (Ddr1) delayed endochondral ossification (EO) in the growth plate by reducing the chondrocyte hypertrophic terminal differentiation, and apoptosis. The biologic and phenotypic changes in chondrocytes in the articular cartilage with osteoarthritis (OA) are similar to the phenomena observed in the process of EO. Additionally, autophagy can promote chondrocyte survival and prevent articular cartilage from degradation in OA. On this basis, we explored the effect of Ddr1 inhibition on OA prevention and further investigated the roles of autophagy in treating OA with a Ddr1 inhibitor (7 rh). The anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)–OA model was used to investigate the role of 7 rh in vivo. Forty 8-week-old mice were randomly assigned to four groups, including the sham group, ACLT group, and two treated groups (ACLT with 7 rh 6.9 nM or 13.8 nM). According to the study design, normal saline or 7 rh were intra-articular (IA) injected into studied knees 3 times per week for 2 weeks and then once per week for 4 weeks. The results showed that 7 rh treatment significantly improved the functional performances (the weight-bearing ability and the running endurance), decreased cartilage degradation, and also reduced the terminal differentiation markers (collagen type X, Indian hedgehog, and matrix metalloproteinase 13). Moreover, 7 rh decreased chondrocyte apoptosis by regulating chondrocyte autophagy through reducing the expression of the mammalian target of rapamycin and enhancing the light chain 3 and beclin-1 expression. These results demonstrated that the IA injection of 7 rh could reduce the chondrocyte apoptosis and promote chondrocyte autophagy, leading to the attenuation of cartilage degradation. Our observations suggested that the IA injection of 7 rh could represent a potential disease-modifying therapy to prevention OA progression.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21196991
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
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    Ablation of Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 Provokes an Osteopenic Phenotype by Regulating Osteoblast/Osteocyte Autophagy and Apoptosis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2022-09-02), p. 2173-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2022-09-02), p. 2173-
    Kurzfassung: Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) is a collagen receptor that belongs to the receptor tyrosine kinase family. We have previously shown that DDR1 plays a crucial role during bone development, resulting in dwarfism and a short stature in osteoblast-specific knockout mice (OKO mice). However, the detailed pathophysiological effects of DDR1 on bone development throughout adulthood have remained unclear. This study aims to identify how DDR1 regulates osteoblast and osteocyte functions in vivo and in vitro during bone development in adulthood. The metabolic changes in bone tissues were analyzed using Micro-CT and immunohistochemistry staining (IHC) in vivo; the role of DDR1 in regulating osteoblasts was examined in MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro. The Micro-CT analysis results demonstrated that OKO mice showed a 10% reduction in bone-related parameters from 10 to 14 weeks old and a significant reduction in cortical thickness and diameter compared with flox/flox control mice (FF) mice. These results indicated that DDR1 knockout in OKO mice exhibiting significant bone loss provokes an osteopenic phenotype. The IHC staining revealed a significant decrease in osteogenesis-related genes, including RUNX2, osteocalcin, and osterix. We noted that DDR1 knockout significantly induced osteoblast/osteocyte apoptosis and markedly decreased autophagy activity in vivo. Additionally, the results of the gain- and loss-of-function of the DDR1 assay in MC3T3-E1 cells indicated that DDR1 can regulate the osteoblast differentiation through activating autophagy by regulating the phosphorylation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), light chain 3 (LC3), and beclin-1. In conclusion, our study highlights that the ablation of DDR1 results in cancellous bone loss by regulating osteoblast/osteocyte autophagy. These results suggest that DDR1 can act as a potential therapeutic target for managing cancellous bone loss.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092173
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2720867-9
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
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    Intra-Articular Injection of (-)-Epigallocatechin 3-Gallate to Attenuate Articular Cartilage Degeneration by Enhancing Autophagy in a Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis Rat Model
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2020-12-23), p. 8-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2020-12-23), p. 8-
    Kurzfassung: (-)-Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) is the main active green tea catechin and has a wide variety of benefits for health. Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) occurs as a consequence of joint injuries that commonly happen in the young population. In this study, we investigated the effects of EGCG on PTOA prevention by using the anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)–OA model and further investigated the roles of autophagy in OA treatment. Our results showed that intra-articular injection of EGCG significantly improved the functional performances and decreased cartilage degradation. EGCG treatment attenuated the inflammation on synovial tissue and cartilage through less immunostained cyclooxygenase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-13. We further noted EGCG may modulate the chondrocyte apoptosis by activation of the cytoprotective autophagy through reducing the expression of the mTOR and enhancing the expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3, beclin-1, and p62. In conclusion, intra-articular injection of EGCG after ACL injury inhibited the joint inflammation and cartilage degradation, thereby increasing joint function. EGCG treatment also reduced the chondrocyte apoptosis, possibly by activating autophagy. These findings suggested that EGCG may be a potential disease-modifying drug for preventing OA progression.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010008
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    An Intermediate Concentration of Calcium with Antioxidant Supplement in Culture Medium Enhances Proliferation and Decreases the Aging of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 4 ( 2021-02-20), p. 2095-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 4 ( 2021-02-20), p. 2095-
    Kurzfassung: Human bone marrow stem cells (HBMSCs) are isolated from the bone marrow. Stem cells can self-renew and differentiate into various types of cells. They are able to regenerate kinds of tissue that are potentially used for tissue engineering. To maintain and expand these cells under culture conditions is difficult—they are easily triggered for differentiation or death. In this study, we describe a new culture formula to culture isolated HBMSCs. This new formula was modified from NCDB 153, a medium with low calcium, supplied with 5% FBS, extra growth factor added to it, and supplemented with N-acetyl-L-cysteine and L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate to maintain the cells in a steady stage. The cells retain these characteristics as primarily isolated HBMSCs. Moreover, our new formula keeps HBMSCs with high proliferation rate and multiple linage differentiation ability, such as osteoblastogenesis, chondrogenesis, and adipogenesis. It also retains HBMSCs with stable chromosome, DNA, telomere length, and telomerase activity, even after long-term culture. Senescence can be minimized under this new formulation and carcinogenesis of stem cells can also be prevented. These modifications greatly enhance the survival rate, growth rate, and basal characteristics of isolated HBMSCs, which will be very helpful in stem cell research.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042095
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 Regulates Runx2 during Osteogenesis of Osteoblasts and Promotes Bone Ossification via Phosphorylation of p38
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 19 ( 2020-09-29), p. 7210-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 19 ( 2020-09-29), p. 7210-
    Kurzfassung: Discoidin domain receptor 1 (Drd1) is a collagen-binding membrane protein, but its role in osteoblasts during osteogenesis remains undefined. We generated inducible osteoblast-specific Ddr1 knockout (OKOΔDdr1) mice; their stature at birth, body weight and body length were significantly decreased compared with those of control Ddr1f/f-4OHT mice. We hypothesize that Ddr1 regulates osteogenesis of osteoblasts. Micro-CT showed that compared to 4-week-old Ddr1f/f-4OHT mice, OKOΔDdr1 mice presented significant decreases in cancellous bone volume and trabecular number and significant increases in trabecular separation. The cortical bone volume was decreased in OKOΔDdr1 mice, resulting in decreased mechanical properties of femurs compared with those of Ddr1f/f-4OHT mice. In femurs of 4-week-old OKOΔDdr1 mice, H & E staining showed fewer osteocytes and decreased cortical bone thickness than Ddr1f/f-4OHT. Osteoblast differentiation markers, including BMP2, Runx2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Col-I and OC, were decreased compared with those of control mice. Ddr1 knockdown in osteoblasts resulted in decreased mineralization, ALP activity, phosphorylated p38 and protein levels of BMP2, Runx2, ALP, Col-I and OC during osteogenesis. Overexpression and knockdown of Ddr1 in osteoblasts demonstrated that DDR1 mediates the expression and activity of Runx2 and the downstream osteogenesis markers during osteogenesis through regulation of p38 phosphorylation.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197210
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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