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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Baseline soundscapes of deep‐sea habitats reveal heterogeneity among ecosystems and sensitivity to anthropogenic impacts
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Limnology and Oceanography Vol. 66, No. 10 ( 2021-10), p. 3714-3727
    Details
    In: Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, Vol. 66, No. 10 ( 2021-10), p. 3714-3727
    Abstract: Underwater soundscapes, though invisible, are crucial in shaping the biodiversity of marine ecosystems by acting as habitat‐specific settlement cues for larvae. The deep sea has received little attention in soundscape research, but it is being targeted for mineral extraction to feed the ever‐growing needs of our society. Anthropogenic impacts on soundscapes influence the resilience of key shallow‐water habitats, and the same likely applies to the deep. Japan is a forerunner in deep‐sea mining, but virtually no deep soundscape baselines exist for Japanese waters. Here, we report baseline soundscapes from four deep‐sea locations in Japan, including the Suiyo Seamount hydrothermal vent, the abyssal plain around the Minamitorishima Island home to manganese nodule fields and muds rich in rare‐earth elements, twilight depths off Sanriku, as well as a typical bathyal system in Suruga Bay. Long‐duration audio recordings were visualized and factorized by an unsupervised machine learning model, revealing differing characteristics among the habitats. Two locations near the coast are highly influenced by shipping noise. The Suiyo vent is characterized by low‐frequency sounds from venting, and the abyssal Minamitorishima is quiet with a flat spectral shape. Noise from observation platforms is likely sufficient to alter soundscape characteristics, especially in offshore locations, suggesting offshore mining‐targeted areas are susceptible to impacts from anthropogenic noise. We argue that the monitoring of soundscapes is an indispensable component for assessing potential mining impacts on deep‐sea ecosystems. Our results establish reference points for future soundscape monitoring and assessment in Japanese waters as well as similar ecosystems globally.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0024-3590 , 1939-5590
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/lno.v66.10
    DOI: 10.1002/lno.11911
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033191-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 412737-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 14
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Video_3.mp4
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 10 ( 2023-4-27)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 10 ( 2023-4-27)
    Abstract: Recovery of samples from the deep ocean in pristine condition is difficult due to large environmental differences between the deep and surface waters through which the samples necessarily must be transported. Here, we propose a concept for deep-sea sample recovery: a deep-sea freezer using thermoelectric cooling capable of generating ice in the deep and recover them frozen on-board ships. As a proof of concept, we present the DSF-α, a prototype Deep-Sea Freezer based on Peltier device rated at 2000 m. In situ assessments of the DSF-α on remotely operated vehicles showed its capacity to reach freezing (-13.0°C) temperatures in the deep, as well as recovering seawater frozen on deck. Although the DSF-α is limited in that achieving sufficient freezing for useful sample recovery is time consuming, the deep-sea freezer opens a whole frontier of new possibilities for preserving various types of deep-sea samples and has the potential to be adapted according to various needs of the deep-sea research community. With the first literal ‘marine snow’ in the deep, we offer a glimpse to a future where the recovery of reliable bathyal samples is no longer laborious.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1179818
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1179818.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1179818.s002
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1179818.s003
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2757748-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elucidating carbon sources of hydrothermal vent animals using natural 14 C abundances and habitat water temperature
    Wiley ; 2024
    In:  Limnology and Oceanography Vol. 69, No. 5 ( 2024-05), p. 1270-1284
    Details
    In: Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, Vol. 69, No. 5 ( 2024-05), p. 1270-1284
    Abstract: Deep‐sea hydrothermal vents host exceptional ecosystems with lush animal communities primarily relying on organic matter (OM) produced by chemoautotrophic microbes. Though energy sources and food webs at vents have been extensively studied, the exact carbon sources of chemosynthetic primary production, such as methane (CH 4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the vent fluid or bottom water, have not been elucidated quantitatively across spatial scales. Here, we investigate carbon and nitrogen sources of 12 vent animal species at the Iheya North field, Okinawa Trough inhabiting different distances from the central venting area and with various feeding ecologies using natural‐abundance radiocarbon (Δ 14 C) in combination with conventional stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (δ 13 C and δ 15 N). Our results show that generally, animals living closer to vent orifices were more depleted in 14 C, indicating they assimilate more carbon from vent fluid CO 2 . Those relying on methanotrophs, however, exhibited low Δ 14 C values regardless of distance due to the lack of methane in the non‐vent‐influenced bottom water. Organisms with low Δ 14 C values also tend to exhibit low δ 15 N values, implying NH 4 + assimilation into biomass in environments with high NH 4 + concentrations. Our results demonstrate that 14 C can clearly distinguish between chemoautotrophically fixed carbon originating from the vent fluid and detrital OM derived from surface primary production, and also discriminate between CO 2 ‐ and CH 4 ‐based chemoautotrophy. Although vent animals rely on vent fluid energetically, our results highlight that the dependency on vent fluids as carbon source varies greatly depending on habitat, as well as carbon fixation pathways of microbial primary producers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0024-3590 , 1939-5590
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/lno.v69.5
    DOI: 10.1002/lno.12570
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033191-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 412737-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 14
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    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Species assemblage networks identify regional connectivity pathways among hydrothermal vents in the Northwest Pacific
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Ecology and Evolution Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-12)
    Details
    In: Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-12)
    Abstract: The distribution of species among spatially isolated habitat patches supports regional biodiversity and stability, so understanding the underlying processes and structure is a key target of conservation. Although multivariate statistics can infer the connectivity processes driving species distribution, such as dispersal and habitat suitability, they rarely explore the structure. Methods from graph theory, applied to distribution data, give insights into both connectivity pathways and processes by intuitively formatting the data as a network of habitat patches. We apply these methods to empirical data from the hydrothermal vent habitats of the Northwest Pacific. Hydrothermal vents are “oases” of biological productivity and endemicity on the seafloor that are imminently threatened by anthropogenic disturbances with unknown consequences to biodiversity. Here, we describe the structure of species assemblage networks at hydrothermal vents, how local and regional parameters affect their structure, and the implications for conservation. Two complementary networks were formed from an extensive species assemblage dataset: a similarity network of vent site nodes linked by weighted edges based on their pairwise assemblage similarity and a bipartite network of species nodes linked to vent site nodes at which they are present. Using these networks, we assessed the role of individual vent sites in maintaining network connectivity and identified biogeographic sub‐regions. The three sub‐regions and two outlying sites are separated by their spatial arrangement and local environmental filters. Both networks detected vent sites that play a disproportionately important role in regional pathways, while the bipartite network also identified key vent sites maintaining the distinct species assemblages of their sub‐regions. These regional connectivity pathways provide insights into historical colonization routes, while sub‐regional connectivity pathways are of value when selecting sites for conservation and/or estimating the multivent impacts from proposed deep‐sea mining.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-7758 , 2045-7758
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.v12.12
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9612
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2635675-2
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