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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Strong floristic distinctiveness across Neotropical successional forests
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2022
    In:  Science Advances Vol. 8, No. 26 ( 2022-07)
    Details
    In: Science Advances, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 8, No. 26 ( 2022-07)
    Abstract: Young secondary forests help restore and conserve the distinctiveness of regional floras across the Neotropics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2375-2548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn1767
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2810933-8
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  • 2
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    Multidimensional tropical forest recovery
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2021
    In:  Science Vol. 374, No. 6573 ( 2021-12-10), p. 1370-1376
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 374, No. 6573 ( 2021-12-10), p. 1370-1376
    Abstract: Tropical forests disappear rapidly because of deforestation, yet they have the potential to regrow naturally on abandoned lands. We analyze how 12 forest attributes recover during secondary succession and how their recovery is interrelated using 77 sites across the tropics. Tropical forests are highly resilient to low-intensity land use; after 20 years, forest attributes attain 78% (33 to 100%) of their old-growth values. Recovery to 90% of old-growth values is fastest for soil ( 〈 1 decade) and plant functioning ( 〈 2.5 decades), intermediate for structure and species diversity (2.5 to 6 decades), and slowest for biomass and species composition ( 〉 12 decades). Network analysis shows three independent clusters of attribute recovery, related to structure, species diversity, and species composition. Secondary forests should be embraced as a low-cost, natural solution for ecosystem restoration, climate change mitigation, and biodiversity conservation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.abh3629
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 128410-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066996-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2060783-0
    SSG: 11
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  • 3
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    Functional recovery of secondary tropical forests
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2021
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 118, No. 49 ( 2021-12-07)
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 118, No. 49 ( 2021-12-07)
    Abstract: One-third of all Neotropical forests are secondary forests that regrow naturally after agricultural use through secondary succession. We need to understand better how and why succession varies across environmental gradients and broad geographic scales. Here, we analyze functional recovery using community data on seven plant characteristics (traits) of 1,016 forest plots from 30 chronosequence sites across the Neotropics. By analyzing communities in terms of their traits, we enhance understanding of the mechanisms of succession, assess ecosystem recovery, and use these insights to propose successful forest restoration strategies. Wet and dry forests diverged markedly for several traits that increase growth rate in wet forests but come at the expense of reduced drought tolerance, delay, or avoidance, which is important in seasonally dry forests. Dry and wet forests showed different successional pathways for several traits. In dry forests, species turnover is driven by drought tolerance traits that are important early in succession and in wet forests by shade tolerance traits that are important later in succession. In both forests, deciduous and compound-leaved trees decreased with forest age, probably because microclimatic conditions became less hot and dry. Our results suggest that climatic water availability drives functional recovery by influencing the start and trajectory of succession, resulting in a convergence of community trait values with forest age when vegetation cover builds up. Within plots, the range in functional trait values increased with age. Based on the observed successional trait changes, we indicate the consequences for carbon and nutrient cycling and propose an ecologically sound strategy to improve forest restoration success.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003405118
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    The cost of restoring carbon stocks in Brazil's Atlantic Forest
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Land Degradation & Development Vol. 32, No. 2 ( 2021-01-30), p. 830-841
    Details
    In: Land Degradation & Development, Wiley, Vol. 32, No. 2 ( 2021-01-30), p. 830-841
    Abstract: Knowing which restoration approach provides the best returns on investment for accumulating carbon is essential to foster restoration planning, financing, and implementation. Here, we explored the cost‐effectiveness and drivers of aboveground and soil carbon accumulation in restored forests across an agricultural landscape of Brazil's Atlantic Forest. The recovery of aboveground and soil carbon stocks, as well as the implementation and land opportunity costs, was assessed across chronosequences (10–60 years) of second‐growth forests and mixed‐species tree plantings and old growth, reference forest remnants. Plantations accumulated approximately 50% more aboveground carbon than second‐growth forests throughout the chronosequence. When controlling for soil clay content, soil carbon stocks were higher in reference than in restored forests, but they were comparable between plantations and second‐growth forests. After 60 years of stand development, recovery of total carbon stocks in both restoration approaches reached only half of the average stocks of reference forests. Total cost‐effectiveness for carbon accumulation, including both implementation and land opportunity costs, was on average 60% higher for second‐growth forests than for plantations (15.1 and 9.4 kgC US$ −1 , respectively). Although tree plantations initially showed higher rates of carbon storage than second‐growth forests, their higher implementation and land opportunity costs make them less cost‐effective for carbon farming. Our results further suggest that, at current pricing levels, carbon markets alone have a limited potential to up‐scale restoration efforts in Brazil's Atlantic Forest.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1085-3278 , 1099-145X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ldr.v32.2
    DOI: 10.1002/ldr.3764
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021787-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1319202-4
    SSG: 14
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  • 5
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    Associations between socio‐environmental factors and landscape‐scale biodiversity recovery in naturally regenerating tropical and subtropical forests
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Conservation Letters Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2021-03)
    Details
    In: Conservation Letters, Wiley, Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2021-03)
    Abstract: Natural regeneration is key for large‐scale forest restoration, yet it may lead to different biodiversity outcomes depending on socio‐environmental context. We combined the results of a global meta‐analysis to quantify how biodiversity recovery in naturally regenerating forests deviates from biodiversity values in reference old‐growth forests, with structural equation modeling, to identify direct and indirect associations between socioeconomic, biophysical and ecological factors and deviation in biodiversity recovery at a landscape scale. Low deviation within a landscape means higher chances of multiple sites in naturally regenerating forests successfully recovering biodiversity compared to reference forests. Deviation in biodiversity recovery was directly negatively associated with the percentage of cropland, forest cover, and positively associated with the percentage of urban areas in the surrounding landscape. These three factors mediated the indirect associations with rural population size, recent gross deforestation, time since natural regeneration started, mean annual temperature, mean annual water deficit, road density, land opportunity cost, percentage cover of strictly protected forest areas, and human population variation in the surrounding landscape. We suggest that natural forest restoration should be prioritized in landscapes with both low socioeconomic pressures on land use conversion to pasturelands and urban areas, and high percentage of forest cover.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1755-263X , 1755-263X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/conl.v14.2
    DOI: 10.1111/conl.12768
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2430375-6
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  • 6
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    Predicting landscape‐scale biodiversity recovery by natural tropical forest regrowth
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Conservation Biology Vol. 36, No. 3 ( 2022-06)
    Details
    In: Conservation Biology, Wiley, Vol. 36, No. 3 ( 2022-06)
    Abstract: Predicción de la Recuperación de la Biodiversidad a Escala de Paisaje según la Regeneración Natural del Bosque Tropical Resumen La regeneración natural del bosque es una solución rentable para la recuperación de la biodiversidad basada en la naturaleza, sin embargo, los diferentes factores socioambientales pueden derivar en resultados variables. Cómo predecir la ubicación en donde la regeneración natural del bosque recuperará los niveles de biodiversidad, los cuales son un indicador del valor de la conservación y un suministro potencial de diferentes servicios ambientales, es un vacío de conocimiento importante en la planeación de la restauración forestal. Buscamos predecir y mapear la recuperación a escala de paisaje de la riqueza de especies y la abundancia total de vertebrados, invertebrados y plantas en bosques tropicales y subtropicales de segundo crecimiento para guiar la planeación de la restauración. Primero, realizamos un metaanálisis mundial para cuantificar la medida a la que se desvió la recuperación de la riqueza y la abundancia total de especies en los bosques de segundo crecimiento de los valores de biodiversidad en los bosques antiguos referenciales en el mismo paisaje. Después, utilizamos un algoritmo de aprendizaje automático y un conjunto integral de factores socioambientales para predecir espacialmente la desviación a escala de paisaje para después mapearla. Los modelos explicaron en promedio el 34% de la varianza observada en la recuperación (rango de 9‐51%). La recuperación de la biodiversidad a escala de paisaje en los bosques de segundo crecimiento pudo predecirse espacialmente con base en los factores socioambientales del paisaje (demografía humana, uso y cobertura del suelo, alteraciones naturales y antropogénicas, productividad del ecosistema, tipo de topografía y de suelo); fue significativamente más alta para la riqueza de especies que para la abundancia total de vertebrados (desviación media pronosticada ajustada al rango de 0.09 versus 0.34) e invertebrados (0.2 versus 0.35) pero no para las plantas (las cuales mostraron una recuperación similar para ambas medidas [0.24 versus 0.25]); y tuvo una correlación positiva para la abundancia de especies de plantas y vertebrados (Pearson r =0.45, p =0.001). Nuestra estrategia puede ayudar a identificar los paisajes de bosques tropicales y subtropicales con un potencial alto para la recuperación de la biodiversidad por medio de la regeneración natural del bosque.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0888-8892 , 1523-1739
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/cobi.v36.3
    DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13842
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020041-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    It is not just about time: Agricultural practices and surrounding forest cover affect secondary forest recovery in agricultural landscapes
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Biotropica Vol. 53, No. 2 ( 2021-03), p. 496-508
    Details
    In: Biotropica, Wiley, Vol. 53, No. 2 ( 2021-03), p. 496-508
    Abstract: A regeneração natural é um processo influenciado por diversos fatores locais e de paisagem, o qual aumentou significativamente a cobertura florestal nativa em algumas regiões. Diversos estudos exploraram os principais fatores espaciais de aumento de cobertura florestal, no entanto, pouco se sabe sobre o efeito destes nos atributos das florestas regeneradas. Este trabalho objetiva quantificar os efeito relativo de fatores locais (idade da floresta, área basal de Eucalyptus , declividade, fertilidade e teor de argila do solo) e de paisagem (uso do solo no entorno, distância de cursos d’água e quantidade e mudança da cobertura florestal do entorno) sobre a biomassa, densidade de espécies e diversidade filogenética de árvores nativas nestas florestas regeneradas. Foram amostradas 44 florestas que regeneraram em pastagens e plantios de Eucalyptus por cerca de 11–46 anos em paisagens agrícolas da Mata Atlântica do Sudeste brasileiro. Foram utilizados modelos lineares generalizados mistos para quantificar o efeito de cada fator nos atributos florestais. Somente a área basal de eucalipto e a proximidade com cana‐de‐açúcar apresentaram um efeito negativo consistente na biomassa florestal, enquanto outros fatores estavam entre os melhores modelos para estimar atributos da floresta, mas seu efeito variou: a biomassa de espécies nativas aumentou com a idade, mas o efeito não foi consistente. De maneira semelhante, a riqueza de espécies e diversidade filogenética foram principalmente afetadas por fatores de paisagens como maior cobertura florestal do entorno. Em paisagens tropicais agrícolas, a restauração florestal efetiva requer mais do que tempo, já que a idade da floresta pode ser menos determinante dos atributos florestais do que o uso antrópico e a cobertura florestal circundante. Desta forma, restauração florestal pode ser melhorada através de intervenções e políticas públicas que promovam atividades humanas menos impactantes e aumentem a cobertura florestal.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0006-3606 , 1744-7429
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/btp.v53.2
    DOI: 10.1111/btp.12893
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052061-X
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Exotic eucalypts: From demonized trees to allies of tropical forest restoration?
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Applied Ecology Vol. 57, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 55-66
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 57, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 55-66
    Abstract: International forest landscape restoration commitments have promoted the restoration of millions of hectares of degraded and deforested lands globally, but few forest restoration approaches provide both ecologically‐sound and financially‐viable solutions for achieving the spatial scale proposed. One potential revenue source for restoration is selective harvesting of timber, a product for which there is a clear global market and increasing demand. The use of commercially valuable exotic trees may attract farmers to restoration, but can be a major concern for ecologists. Here, we present results collected over 7 years from experimental studies at three sites across the Brazilian Atlantic Forest to assess the impacts of incorporating exotic eucalypts as a transitional stage in tropical forest restoration on above‐ground biomass accumulation, native woody species regeneration and financial viability. Biomass accumulation was nine times greater in mixed eucalypt‐native species plantations than native only plantings due to fast eucalypt growth. Nonetheless, the growth of native non‐pioneer trees was not affected or only slightly reduced by eucalypts prior to logging. Eucalypts did not negatively affect the natural regeneration of native woody species before or after eucalypt logging. Canopy cover regrew quickly but was slightly lower a year following logging in mixed eucalypt‐native species plantations. Natural regeneration richness and planted non‐pioneer growth were similar across treatments in the post‐logging period. We found higher variation of biomass accumulation and native species regeneration among sites than between plantation types within sites. The income from eucalypt wood production offset 44%–75% of restoration implementation costs. Synthesis and applications . Many of the negative effects attributed to eucalypts on the growth and natural regeneration of native trees depend on features of the production system, landscape structure, soil, and climate in which they are grown, rather than the effects of eucalypts per se . In Brazil's Atlantic Forest region, exotic eucalypts can become important allies of tropical forest restoration, and their use and investment opportunities should be considered within the portfolio of options supported by public and private funding and policies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8901 , 1365-2664
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jpe.v57.1
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13513
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020408-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410405-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Adding forests to the water–energy–food nexus
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  Nature Sustainability Vol. 4, No. 2 ( 2020-09-14), p. 85-92
    Details
    In: Nature Sustainability, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 4, No. 2 ( 2020-09-14), p. 85-92
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2398-9629
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41893-020-00608-z
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2917573-2
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  • 10
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    Ecological outcomes of agroforests and restoration 15 years after planting
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Restoration Ecology Vol. 28, No. 5 ( 2020-09), p. 1135-1144
    Details
    In: Restoration Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 28, No. 5 ( 2020-09), p. 1135-1144
    Abstract: Large‐scale forest restoration relies on approaches that are cost‐effective and economically attractive to farmers, and in this context agroforestry systems may be a valuable option. Here, we compared ecological outcomes among (1) 12–15‐year‐old coffee agroforests established with several native shade trees, (2) 12–15‐year‐old high‐diversity restoration plantations, and (3) reference old‐growth forests, within a landscape restoration project in the Pontal do Paranapanema region, in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil. We compared the aboveground biomass, canopy cover, and abundance, richness, and composition of trees, and the regenerating saplings in the three forest types. In addition, we investigated the landscape drivers of natural regeneration in the restoration plantations and coffee agroforests. Reference forests had a higher abundance of trees and regenerating saplings, but had similar levels of species richness compared to coffee agroforests. High‐diversity agroforests and restoration plantations did not differ in tree abundance. However, compared to restoration plantations, agroforests showed higher abundance and species richness of regenerating saplings, a higher proportion of animal‐dispersed species, and higher canopy cover. The abundance of regenerating saplings declined with increasing density of coffee plants, thus indicating a potential trade‐off between productivity and ecological benefits. High‐diversity coffee agroforests provide a cost‐effective and ecologically viable alternative to high‐diversity native tree plantations for large‐scale forest restoration within agricultural landscapes managed by local communities, and should be included as part of the portfolio of reforestation options used to promote the global agenda on forest and landscape restoration.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1061-2971 , 1526-100X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/rec.v28.5
    DOI: 10.1111/rec.13171
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020952-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 914746-9
    SSG: 12
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