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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mapping the effectiveness of nature‐based solutions for climate change adaptation
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 26, No. 11 ( 2020-11), p. 6134-6155
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 26, No. 11 ( 2020-11), p. 6134-6155
    Abstract: Nature‐based solutions (NbS) to climate change currently have considerable political traction. However, national intentions to deploy NbS have yet to be fully translated into evidence‐based targets and action on the ground. To enable NbS policy and practice to be better informed by science, we produced the first global systematic map of evidence on the effectiveness of nature‐based interventions for addressing the impacts of climate change and hydrometeorological hazards on people. Most of the interventions in natural or semi‐natural ecosystems were reported to have ameliorated adverse climate impacts. Conversely, interventions involving created ecosystems (e.g., afforestation) were associated with trade‐offs; such studies primarily reported reduced soil erosion or increased vegetation cover but lower water availability, although this evidence was geographically restricted. Overall, studies reported more synergies than trade‐offs between reduced climate impacts and broader ecological, social, and climate change mitigation outcomes. In addition, nature‐based interventions were most often shown to be as effective or more so than alternative interventions for addressing climate impacts. However, there were substantial gaps in the evidence base. Notably, there were few studies of the cost‐effectiveness of interventions compared to alternatives and few integrated assessments considering broader social and ecological outcomes. There was also a bias in evidence toward the Global North, despite communities in the Global South being generally more vulnerable to climate impacts. To build resilience to climate change worldwide, it is imperative that we protect and harness the benefits that nature can provide, which can only be done effectively if informed by a strengthened evidence base.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.v26.11
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15310
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Table2.xlsx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Environmental Science Vol. 10 ( 2022-10-11)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Environmental Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 10 ( 2022-10-11)
    Abstract: Nature-based solutions (NbS) are increasingly recognised for their potential to address both the climate and biodiversity crises. Both these outcomes rely on the capacity of NbS to support and enhance the health of an ecosystem: its biodiversity, the condition of its abiotic and biotic elements, and its capacity to continue to function despite environmental change. However, while understanding of ecosystem health outcomes of NbS for climate change mitigation has developed in recent years, the outcomes of those implemented for adaptation remain poorly understood. To address this, we systematically reviewed the outcomes of 109 nature-based interventions for climate change adaptation using 33 indicators of ecosystem health across eight broad categories (e.g., diversity, biomass, ecosystem composition). We showed that 88% of interventions with reported positive outcomes for climate change adaptation also reported benefits for ecosystem health. We also showed that interventions were associated with a 67% average increase in species richness. All eight studies that reported benefits for both climate change mitigation and adaptation also supported ecosystem health, leading to a “triple win.” However, there were also trade-offs, mainly for forest management and creation of novel ecosystems such as monoculture plantations of non-native species. Our review highlights two key limitations in our understanding of the outcomes of NbS for ecosystem health. First, a limited selection of metrics are used and these rarely include key aspects such as functional diversity and habitat connectivity. Second, taxonomic coverage is limited: 50% of interventions only had evidence for effects on plants, and 57% of outcomes did not distinguish between native and non-native species. We make suggestions of how to improve assessments of the ecosystem health outcomes of NbS, as well as policy recommendations to enable the upscaling of NbS that support flourishing and resilient ecosystems, and are effective in addressing both climate and biodiversity goals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-665X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.905767
    DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.905767.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.905767.s002
    DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.905767.s003
    DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.905767.s004
    DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.905767.s005
    DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.905767.s006
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2741535-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Grounding nature-based climate solutions in sound biodiversity science
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2019
    In:  Nature Climate Change Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2019-2), p. 84-87
    Details
    In: Nature Climate Change, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2019-2), p. 84-87
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1758-678X , 1758-6798
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41558-019-0405-0
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2603450-5
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  • 4
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    Understanding the value and limits of nature-based solutions to climate change and other global challenges
    The Royal Society ; 2020
    In:  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Vol. 375, No. 1794 ( 2020-03-16), p. 20190120-
    Details
    In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 375, No. 1794 ( 2020-03-16), p. 20190120-
    Abstract: There is growing awareness that ‘nature-based solutions' (NbS) can help to protect us from climate change impacts while slowing further warming, supporting biodiversity and securing ecosystem services. However, the potential of NbS to provide the intended benefits has not been rigorously assessed. There are concerns over their reliability and cost-effectiveness compared to engineered alternatives, and their resilience to climate change. Trade-offs can arise if climate mitigation policy encourages NbS with low biodiversity value, such as afforestation with non-native monocultures. This can result in maladaptation, especially in a rapidly changing world where biodiversity-based resilience and multi-functional landscapes are key. Here, we highlight the rise of NbS in climate policy—focusing on their potential for climate change adaptation as well as mitigation—and discuss barriers to their evidence-based implementation. We outline the major financial and governance challenges to implementing NbS at scale, highlighting avenues for further research. As climate policy turns increasingly towards greenhouse gas removal approaches such as afforestation, we stress the urgent need for natural and social scientists to engage with policy makers. They must ensure that NbS can achieve their potential to tackle both the climate and biodiversity crisis while also contributing to sustainable development. This will require systemic change in the way we conduct research and run our institutions. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Climate change and ecosystems: threats, opportunities and solutions’.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-8436 , 1471-2970
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0120
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1462620-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Contributions of nature-based solutions to reducing people’s vulnerabilities to climate change across the rural Global South
    Informa UK Limited ; 2023
    In:  Climate and Development Vol. 15, No. 7 ( 2023-08-09), p. 590-607
    Details
    In: Climate and Development, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 15, No. 7 ( 2023-08-09), p. 590-607
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1756-5529 , 1756-5537
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/17565529.2022.2129954
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2500252-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global recognition of the importance of nature-based solutions to the impacts of climate change
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2020
    In:  Global Sustainability Vol. 3 ( 2020)
    Details
    In: Global Sustainability, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 3 ( 2020)
    Abstract: Recent research demonstrates that nature-based solutions (NbS) can help protect communities and infrastructure from the impacts of climate change while providing a range of other benefits for society. As nations revise or prepare new Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) in support of the Paris Agreement, there is a major opportunity to increase global ambition on NbS. To support this process and to provide a baseline against which ambition for NbS can be tracked, here we report on the prominence of NbS in the 168 NDCs that were submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. In total, 104 nations include NbS in the adaptation component of their NDCs, 77 nations include them in both their adaptation and mitigation components and an additional 27 include them as part of their mitigation plans only. In other words, 131 nations – or 66% of all signatories to the Paris Agreement – have articulated intentions of working with ecosystems, in one form or another. However, national intentions to deliver NbS for adaptation vary by level of economic development, region and habitat type, and rarely translate into measurable evidence-based targets. We discuss possible reasons for these findings and provide recommendations on how national governments, practitioners and researchers can together enhance ambition for NbS to climate change impacts. As climate pledges are revised during successive global ‘stock takes’ of the Paris Agreement, we urge the research community to work closely with practitioners and policy-makers to identify meaningful targets that benefit both people and the ecosystems on which they depend.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2059-4798
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/sus.2020.8
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2929769-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Getting the message right on nature‐based solutions to climate change
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 27, No. 8 ( 2021-04), p. 1518-1546
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 27, No. 8 ( 2021-04), p. 1518-1546
    Abstract: Nature‐based solutions (NbS)—solutions to societal challenges that involve working with nature—have recently gained popularity as an integrated approach that can address climate change and biodiversity loss, while supporting sustainable development. Although well‐designed NbS can deliver multiple benefits for people and nature, much of the recent limelight has been on tree planting for carbon sequestration. There are serious concerns that this is distracting from the need to rapidly phase out use of fossil fuels and protect existing intact ecosystems. There are also concerns that the expansion of forestry framed as a climate change mitigation solution is coming at the cost of carbon rich and biodiverse native ecosystems and local resource rights. Here, we discuss the promise and pitfalls of the NbS framing and its current political traction, and we present recommendations on how to get the message right. We urge policymakers, practitioners and researchers to consider the synergies and trade‐offs associated with NbS and to follow four guiding principles to enable NbS to provide sustainable benefits to society: (1) NbS are not a substitute for the rapid phase out of fossil fuels; (2) NbS involve a wide range of ecosystems on land and in the sea, not just forests; (3) NbS are implemented with the full engagement and consent of Indigenous Peoples and local communities in a way that respects their cultural and ecological rights; and (4) NbS should be explicitly designed to provide measurable benefits for biodiversity. Only by following these guidelines will we design robust and resilient NbS that address the urgent challenges of climate change and biodiversity loss, sustaining nature and people together, now and into the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.v27.8
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15513
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Going beyond market-based mechanisms to finance nature-based solutions and foster sustainable futures
    Public Library of Science (PLoS) ; 2023
    In:  PLOS Climate Vol. 2, No. 4 ( 2023-4-6), p. e0000169-
    Details
    In: PLOS Climate, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 2, No. 4 ( 2023-4-6), p. e0000169-
    Abstract: Failure to address the climate and biodiversity crises is undermining human well-being and increasing global inequality. Given their potential for addressing these societal challenges, there is growing attention on scaling-up nature-based solutions (NbS). However, there are concerns that in its use, the NbS concept is dissociated with the social and economic drivers of these societal challenges, including the pervasive focus on market-based mechanisms and the economic growth imperative, promoting the risk of greenwashing. In this perspective, we draw on recent research on the effectiveness, governance, and practice of NbS to highlight key limitations and pitfalls of a narrow focus on natural capital markets to finance their scaling up. We discuss the need for a simultaneous push for complementary funding mechanisms and examine how financial instruments and market-based mechanisms, while important to bridge the biodiversity funding gap and reduce reliance on public funding, are not a panacea for scaling NbS. Moreover, market-based mechanisms present significant governance challenges, and risk further entrenching power asymmetries. We propose four key recommendations to ensure finance mechanisms for biodiversity and NbS foster more just, equitable, and environmentally sustainable pathways in support of the CBD’s (Convention on Biological Diversity) 2050 vision of “living in harmony with nature”. We stress that NbS must not be used to distract attention away from reducing emissions associated with fossil fuel use or to promote an agenda for perpetual economic growth and call on government policy makers to decenter GDP growth as a core economic and political target, refocusing instead on human and ecological well-being.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2767-3200
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pclm.0000169
    Language: English
    Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3109435-1
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