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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The global prevalence of human fascioliasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease Vol. 10 ( 2023-01)
    Details
    In: Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease, SAGE Publications, Vol. 10 ( 2023-01)
    Abstract: Fascioliasis is a parasitic zoonosis that can infect humans and be a source of significant morbidity. The World Health Organization lists human fascioliasis as a neglected tropical disease, but the worldwide prevalence of fascioliasis data is unknown. Objective: We aimed to estimate the global prevalence of human fascioliasis. Data sources and methods: We performed a systematic review and prevalence meta-analysis. We used the following inclusion criteria: articles published in the English, Portuguese, or Spanish languages from December 1985 to October 2022 and studies assessing the prevalence of Fasciola in the general population with an appropriate diagnostic methodology, including longitudinal studies, prospective and retrospective cohorts, case series, and randomized clinical trials (RCTs). We excluded animal studies. Two reviewers independently reviewed the selected studies for methodological quality, performing critical standard measures from JBI SUMARI. A random-effects model was conducted of the summary extracted data on the prevalence proportions. We reported the estimates according to the GATHER statement. Results: In all, 5617 studies were screened for eligibility. Fifty-five studies from 15 countries were selected, including 154,697 patients and 3987 cases. The meta-analysis revealed a pooled prevalence of 4.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.1–6.1; I 2  = 99.4%; T 2  = 0.07]. The prevalence in South America, Africa, and Asia was 9.0%, 4.8%, and 2.0%, respectively. The highest prevalence was found in Bolivia (21%), Peru (11%), and Egypt (6%). Subgroup analysis showed higher prevalence estimates in children, in studies from South America, and when Fas2-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used as a diagnostic method. A larger study sample size ( p = 0.027) and an increase in female percentage ( p = 0.043) correlated with a decrease in prevalence. Multiple meta-regression showed a higher prevalence for hyperendemic than hypoendemic ( p = 0.002) or mesoendemic ( p = 0.013) regions. Conclusion: The estimated prevalence and projected disease burden of human fascioliasis are high. Study findings support that fascioliasis continues to be a globally neglected tropical disease. Strengthening epidemiological surveillance and implementing measures to control and treat fascioliasis is imperative in the most affected areas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2049-9361 , 2049-937X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/20499361231185413
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2728410-4
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Monkeypox – a description of the clinical progression of skin lesions: a case report from Colorado, USA
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease Vol. 9 ( 2022-01), p. 204993612211177-
    Details
    In: Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease, SAGE Publications, Vol. 9 ( 2022-01), p. 204993612211177-
    Abstract: A rapidly emerging global outbreak of monkeypox virus infection (MPXV) in over 50 non-endemic countries was identified in May 2022. We report the case and images of a patient with MPXV presenting with genital lesions later complicated by superimposed cellulitis in Colorado, USA. MPXV lesions are susceptible to bacterial superinfection, and with the advent of new cases, the early identification of skin lesions and their evolution during MPXV are imperative for treating clinicians. Clinicians should consider MPXV in differential diagnoses of sexually transmitted diseases presenting with genital lesions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2049-9361 , 2049-937X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/20499361221117726
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2728410-4
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cryptococcosis among hospitalised patients with COVID ‐19: A multicentre research network study
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Mycoses Vol. 65, No. 8 ( 2022-08), p. 815-823
    Details
    In: Mycoses, Wiley, Vol. 65, No. 8 ( 2022-08), p. 815-823
    Abstract: It is unclear if there is an association between COVID‐19 and cryptococcosis. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the clinical features, risk factors, and outcomes associated with cryptococcosis in hospitalised patients with COVID‐19. The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of and examine factors associated with cryptococcosis after a diagnosis of COVID‐19. We used TriNetX to identify and sort patients 18 years and older hospitalised with COVID‐19 into two cohorts based on the presence or absence of a diagnosis of cryptococcosis following diagnosis of COVID‐19. Outcomes of interest included the incidence of cryptococcosis following the diagnosis of COVID‐19 as well as the proportion of patients in each group who had underlying comorbidities, received immunomodulatory therapy, required ICU admission or mechanical ventilation (MV), or died. Propensity score matching was used to adjust for confounding. Among 212,479 hospitalised patients with COVID‐19, 65 developed cryptococcosis. The incidence of cryptococcosis following COVID‐19 was 0.022%. Patients with cryptococcosis were more likely to be male and have underlying comorbidities. Among cases, 32% were people with HIV. Patients with cryptococcosis were more likely to have received tocilizumab ( p   〈  .0001) or baricitinib ( p   〈  .0001), but not dexamethasone ( p  = .0840). ICU admission (38% vs 29%), MV (23% vs 11%), and mortality (36% vs 14%) were significantly higher among patients with cryptococcosis. Mortality remained elevated after adjusted propensity score matching. Cryptococcosis occurred most often in hospitalised patients with COVID‐19 who had traditional risk factors, comparable to findings in patients without COVID‐19. Cryptococcosis was associated with increased ICU admission, MV, and mortality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0933-7407 , 1439-0507
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/myc.v65.8
    DOI: 10.1111/myc.13476
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 392487-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020780-3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Seasonal variations and risk factors of Streptococcus pyogenes infection: a multicenter research network study
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease Vol. 9 ( 2022-01), p. 204993612211321-
    Details
    In: Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease, SAGE Publications, Vol. 9 ( 2022-01), p. 204993612211321-
    Abstract: Streptococcus pyogenes, or Group A Streptococcus (GAS), causes acute pharyngitis and necrotizing fasciitis. Seasonal variations in GAS infections are not robustly characterized. We assessed seasonal variations and risk factors of GAS pharyngitis and ICD-10-diagnosed necrotizing fasciitis. Methods: From the period 2010–2019, we conducted a case–control study using laboratory-confirmed cases of GAS pharyngitis and a descriptive observational study of necrotizing fasciitis using ICD-10 codes. Data were collected from TriNetX, a federated research network. We extracted seasonal (quarterly) incidence rates. We used an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to assess seasonal variations. Demographic characteristics and 1-month outcomes were compared among adults with or without GAS pharyngitis. Results: We identified 224,471 adults with GAS pharyngitis (test-positive) and 546,142 adults without it (test-negative). GAS pharyngitis adults were younger (25.3 versus 30.2 years of age, p  〈  0.0001), more likely to be Hispanic individuals (10% versus 8%, p  〈  0.0001) and slightly more likely to be Black or African American individuals (14% versus 13%, p  〈  0.0001). Propensity score matching found that adults with test-positive cases of GAS pharyngitis had a higher risk of acute rheumatic fever while having no significant differences in risk of intensive care unit admission and mortality compared with test-negative cases. GAS pharyngitis average incidence peaked in the winter while dipping in the summer (0.32 versus 0.18 and 4.07 versus 1.78 per 1000 adults and pediatric patients, respectively). Necrotizing fasciitis diagnoses were highest during summer (0.032 per 1000 adults). There was a significant ARIMA seasonal variation in the time series analysis for adult and pediatric GAS pharyngitis ( p  〈  0.0001 and p = 0.014, respectively). Necrotizing fasciitis diagnosis was not associated with seasonal variation ( p = 0.861). Conclusion: Peaks in GAS pharyngitis occur in the winter months. ICD code–based necrotizing fasciitis did not show a quarterly seasonal variation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2049-9361 , 2049-937X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/20499361221132101
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2728410-4
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 as a Risk Factor and Outcome Modifier for Cryptococcosis in HIV Negative, Non-transplant Patients, a Propensity Score Match Analysis
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Current Microbiology Vol. 80, No. 12 ( 2023-12)
    Details
    In: Current Microbiology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 80, No. 12 ( 2023-12)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0343-8651 , 1432-0991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03512-9
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1458987-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 134238-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characteristics and Outcomes of Cryptococcosis among Patients with and without COVID-19
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Fungi Vol. 8, No. 11 ( 2022-11-21), p. 1234-
    Details
    In: Journal of Fungi, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 11 ( 2022-11-21), p. 1234-
    Abstract: The effect of COVID-19 on the risk and prognosis of cryptococcosis is unclear. We compared the characteristics and outcomes of cryptococcosis in patients with and without COVID-19. Patients 18 years and older with cryptococcosis were identified from TriNetX and separated into two cohorts based on a diagnosis of COVID-19 within 3 months of the index diagnosis of cryptococcosis. Differences examined between groups included comorbidities, immunosuppressive medications, ED visits, hospitalizations, ICU admissions, mechanical ventilation, and deaths. The propensity score matching was performed based on demographics and comorbidities. Of the 6998 patients with cryptococcosis included, 4.4% (n = 306) had COVID-19 prior to cryptococcosis. Mortality was higher in patients with COVID-19 compared to those without COVID-19 (14% vs. 11%, p = 0.032). Additionally, those with COVID-19 were older (55.2 ± 14.4 vs. 51.9 ± 15.2 years, p 〈 0.001) with higher rates of transplant (29% vs. 13%, p 〈 0.001), neoplastic disease (37% vs. 21%, p 〈 0.001), chronic kidney disease (42% vs. 18%, p 〈 0.001), or diabetes (35% vs. 19%, p 〈 0.001) but not HIV (30% vs. 31%, p = 0.618). Glucocorticoid use was more common in those with COVID-19 (52% vs. 27%, p 〈 0.001). More patients with COVID-19 required ED visits (29% vs. 23%, p = 0.025) and ICU admission (18% vs. 11%, p 〈 0.001). After propensity score matching, patients with COVID-19 had higher rates of neoplastic disease, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and glucocorticoid use but did not experience worse outcomes compared to those without COVID-19. Patients with COVID-19 who developed cryptococcosis had independently higher rates of comorbidities and glucocorticoid use but similar outcomes, including death, versus those without COVID-19.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2309-608X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jof8111234
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2784229-0
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Positive Toxoplasma IgG Serology Is Associated with Increased Overall Mortality – A Propensity Score–Matched Analysis
    American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ; 2024
    In:  The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Vol. 110, No. 2 ( 2024-02-07), p. 238-245
    Details
    In: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 110, No. 2 ( 2024-02-07), p. 238-245
    Abstract: Toxoplasma gondii is a prevalent parasitic disease with significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised populations. We lack long-term outcomes for latent infections. We aimed to elucidate the relationship between latent T. gondii infection and mortality risk. We queried TriNetX, a international multicenter network, to validate mortality risk differences among patients with positive or negative toxoplasma IgG through propensity score matching (PSM). We excluded patients with toxoplasmosis disease by International Classification of Diseases codes or polymerase chain reaction testing. We found 28,138 patients with available toxoplasma IgG serology. Seropositive patients were older and had a male preponderance. More seropositive patients identified as Hispanic, Latino, or Black persons. Patients who were positive for T. gondii IgG serology were slightly more likely to have underlying heart failure, a transplanted organ or tissue, malignant neoplasms of lymphoid or hematopoietic tissues, and diseases of the nervous system than seronegative controls. After PSM of patients with positive ( N = 6,475) and negative ( N = 6,475) toxoplasma IgG serologies, toxoplasmosis-positive patients were more likely to have long-term drug use but less likely to suffer from behavioral disorders. The overall PSM 1- and 5-year mortality was higher among patients with a positive toxoplasma IgG serology. The risk of schizophrenia was increased at 5 years. We found a prevalence of toxoplasma IgG positivity of 0.03% during the last 3 years. Latent T. gondii associates with a higher overall mortality risk. The study of social determinants of health and follow-up studies are necessary to corroborate the findings and find possible causal mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-9637 , 1476-1645
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0537
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2942-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491674-5
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Previous corticosteroid exposure associates with an increased Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia mortality among HIV-negative patients: a global research network with a follow-up multicenter case-control study
    SAGE Publications ; 2023
    In:  Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease Vol. 10 ( 2023-01), p. 204993612311594-
    Details
    In: Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease, SAGE Publications, Vol. 10 ( 2023-01), p. 204993612311594-
    Abstract: HIV-negative patients have substantial mortality from Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP). We lack predictors of HIV-negative PJP-associated mortality. Objective: We aim to characterize the role of prior corticosteroid exposure in PJP-related mortality. Methods: We queried a global research network to identify adult HIV-negative patients with PJP with or without corticosteroid exposure in the preceding year before diagnosis ( n = 8,021). We performed a propensity score-matched analysis to adjust baseline patient characteristics and analyzed outcomes. We follow-up the results with a multicenter ten years retrospective case-control cohort of HIV-negative patients tested for PJP by PCP Direct Fluorescent Antigen. We used a Cox proportional hazards model for survival analysis. Results: 1822 HIV-negative propensity-scored matched patients with prior corticosteroid exposure had significantly increased 10 weeks (16% versus 9%, p  〈  0.0001) and one-year mortality after PJP diagnosis (23% versus 14%, p  〈  0.0001). (1→3)-β-D-glucan (197.6 ± 155.8 versus 63 ± 0 pg/ml, p = 0.014), ferritin levels (1227 ± 2486 versus 768 ± 1060 mcg/l, p = 0.047), lymphopenia (1.5 ± 1.5 versus 2.0 ± 1.6 10 3 cells/µl, p  〈  0.0001) and hypoxia (SatO 2 : 86.7% versus 91.6%, p  〈  0.0001) were higher or worse in those with prior steroid use. Patients who died were more likely to have previously received dexamethasone (35% versus 16%, p  〈  0.001) or prednisone (49% versus 29%, p  〈  0.001). Adjusted Cox proportional-hazard model validation showed an independently increased mortality at 10 weeks (HR: 3.7, CI: 1.5–9.2, p = 0.004) and 1 year (HR: 4.5, CI: 2.0–10.4, p  〈  0.0001) among HIV-negative patients with previous corticosteroid exposure. Conclusion: Preceding corticosteroids in HIV-negative patients with PJP are associated with higher mortality. A higher fungal burden may influence corticosteroid-mediated mortality. Assessment of PJP prophylaxis must become a standard clinical best practice when instituting corticosteroid therapy courses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2049-9361 , 2049-937X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/20499361231159481
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2728410-4
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