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  • Canadian Science Publishing  (4)
  • Chantigny, Martin H  (4)
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  • Canadian Science Publishing  (4)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ammonia volatilization and soil nitrogen dynamics following fall application of pig slurry on canola crop residues
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2001
    In:  Canadian Journal of Soil Science Vol. 81, No. 4 ( 2001-08-01), p. 515-523
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 81, No. 4 ( 2001-08-01), p. 515-523
    Abstract: Land application of liquid manures is a major source of atmospheric ammonia. The presence of crop residues on the soil surface usually increases emissions by retarding slurry infiltration, whereas incorporation of slurry into soil reduces emissions. Our objective was to quantify the relative reduction in NH 3 volatilization resulting from the soil incorporation of pig slurry (PS) applied on canola (Brassica napus) residues under fall conditions in Quebec, Canada. Pig slurry was applied at 7.4 L m –2 on six plots covered by canola crop residues. Slurry and residues were incorporated in the top 5 cm of soil (INCORP) in half of the plots, while the other half were left untouched (SURF). Ammonia volatilization was measured following application for 10 d using wind tunnels. Soil NH 4 + and NO 3 − contents, pH, moisture and temperature were also monitored to explain variations in NH 3 fluxes. Soil NH 4 + -N in the surface soil was lower than expected shortly after slurry application, maybe as a result of fixation by clays or interception by crop residues. The volatilization of NH 3 was higher (P 〈 0.05) on SURF plots than on INCORP plots in 20 of the 26 measuring periods, with total NH 3 losses being five times greater in the former. Cumulated emissions during the first 11 h accounted for the 60 and 53% of total NH 3 emissions for the SURF and INCORP plots, respectively. Our results confirm that a large fraction of the NH 3 volatilization from slurry application on canola residues can be greatly reduced if the slurry and crop residues are incorporated into the soil immediately after slurry application. Despite significant reduction (80%) of NH 3 volatilization in INCORP compared with SURF plots, no difference was found in soil mineral N between treatments, suggesting that other processes such as N mineralization or denitrification were more active in INCORP plots. Key Words: Ammonium, nitrate, nitrogen cycle, organic amendments
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4271 , 1918-1841
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4141/S00-044
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2017003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 417254-1
    SSG: 13
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dynamics of soil water-extractable organic C following application of dairy cattle manures
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2006
    In:  Canadian Journal of Soil Science Vol. 86, No. 5 ( 2006-11-01), p. 851-858
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 86, No. 5 ( 2006-11-01), p. 851-858
    Abstract: Water-extractable organic C (WEOC) is a determinant driver of several soil and environmental processes, and can be influenced by management practices such as organic amendment. Our objective was to study the dynamics of soil WEOC following application of liquid and solid dairy cattle manures to a loamy and a clay soil under field conditions. Manures were applied in 2 consecutive years to silage corn fields at rates equivalent to 150 kg total N ha -1 . Soil WEOC was monitored the day after application and weekly or biweekly thereafter in manured and control (mineral fertilizers) plots. Liquid and solid manure S brought on average 39 and 13 g WEOC m -2 , respectively. These amounts are much larger than the increases measured in soil WEOC during the hours and days following manure application (0 to 30 mg kg -1 , equivalent to 0 to 3 g m -2 ). Moreover, manure addition had little effects in the 10- to 30-cm soil layer. The rapid and extensive adsorption of manure WEOC onto mineral surfaces likely explains the limited effects of manure on soil WEOC. This adsorption process was presumably exacerbated by the mixing of manure and soil resulting from the tillage operation. Soil temperature and respiration appeared to have determinant influence on the level of soil WEOC content in the post-harvest period. Overall, temporal variations in soil WEOC contents were large and generally greater than the fluctuations directly attributable to manure addition. Key words: Soil organic C, extractable C, dairy manure, silage corn
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4271 , 1918-1841
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4141/S05-092
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2017003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 417254-1
    SSG: 13
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    N 2 O fluxes in soils of contrasting textures fertilized with liquid and solid dairy cattle manures
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2008
    In:  Canadian Journal of Soil Science Vol. 88, No. 2 ( 2008-05-01), p. 175-187
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 88, No. 2 ( 2008-05-01), p. 175-187
    Abstract: Manure is known to increase soil N 2 O emissions by stimulating nitrification and denitrification processes. Our objective was to compare soil-surface N 2 O emissions following the application of liquid and solid dairy cattle manures to a loamy and a clay soil cropped to silage maize. Manures were applied in 2 consecutive years at rates equivalent to 150 kg total N ha -1 and compared with a control treatment receiving an equivalent rate of synthetic N. Soil-surface N 2 O fluxes, soil temperature, and soil water, nitrate and ammonium contents were monitored weekly in manured and control plots. From 60 to 90% of seasonal N 2 O emissions occurred during the first 40 d following manure and synthetic fertilizer applications, indicating that outside that period one or several factors limited N 2 O emissions. The period of higher emissions following manure and fertilizer application corresponded with the period when soil mineral N contents were highest (up to 17 g NO 3 − -N m -2 ) and water-filled pore space (WFPS) was greater than 0.5 m 3 m -3 . The absence of significant N 2 O fluxes later in the growing season despite high WFPS levels indicated that the stimulating effect of organic and synthetic N additions on soil N 2 O production was relatively short-lived. Fertilization of silage maize with dairy cattle manure resulted in greater or equal N 2 O emissions than with synthetic N. This was observed despite lower overall soil mineral N contents in the manured plots, indicating that other factors affected by manure, possibly additional C substrates and enhanced soil respiration, resulted in greater denitrification and N 2 O production. Silage maize yields in the manured soils were lower than those receiving synthetic N, indicating that the N 2 O emissions per kilogram of harvested biomass were greater for manures than for synthetic N. Our results also suggest that the main source of N 2 O was nitrification in the loam and denitrification in the clay soil. There was no clear difference in N 2 O emissions between liquid and solid manures. The variable effects of liquid and solid manure addition reported in the literature on soil N 2 O emissions likely result from the variable composition of the manures themselves as well as from interactions with other factors such as soil environment and farming practices. A better characterization of the availability of manure C and N is required to assess the impact of manure application on soil N 2 O emissions under field conditions. Key words: Greenhouse gases, N 2 O, maize, manure
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4271 , 1918-1841
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4141/CJSS06016
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2017003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 417254-1
    SSG: 13
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Short-term C and N dynamics in a soil amended with pig slurry and barley straw: a field experiment
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2001
    In:  Canadian Journal of Soil Science Vol. 81, No. 2 ( 2001-05-01), p. 131-137
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 81, No. 2 ( 2001-05-01), p. 131-137
    Abstract: Interactions between animal slurries and crop residues can impact on soil N availability during decomposition. Our objective was to study the short-term decomposition of pig slurry and barley straw incorporated alone or in combination. A field experiment was conducted on a sandy loam unamended (control) or amended with 60 m 3 ha –1 pig slurry (PS) or 4 Mg ha –1 barley straw (BS), or both (PSBS). Surface CO 2 and N 2 O fluxes, soil water content and temperature, microbial biomass C, and NO 3 − and NH 4 + contents were monitored during 28 d in the 0- to 20-cm soil layer. Large CO 2 fluxes occurred during the first 4 h of the experiment in slurry-amended plots that were attributed to carbonate dissociation when slurry was mixed to the soil. Specific respiration activity (ratio of CO 2 -C fluxes-to-microbial biomass C) was increased in slurry-amended soils for the first 7 d, likely due to the rapid oxidation of volatile fatty acids present in slurry. After 28 d, 26% more C had been evolved in PSBS than the sum of C released from PS and BS, indicating a synergistic interaction during decomposition of combined amendments. Adding straw caused a net but transient immobilisation of soil N, especially in PSBS plots where 36% of slurry-added NH 4 + was immobilised after 3 d. Slurry-NH 4 + was rapidly nitrified (within 10 d), but N 2 O production was not a significant source of N loss during this study, representing less than 0.3% of slurry-added NH 4 + . Nevertheless, about twice the amount of N 2 O was produced in PS than in PSBS after 28 d, reflecting lower soil N availability in the presence of straw. Our study clearly illustrates the strong interaction existing between soil C and N cycles under field conditions as slurry mineral N appeared to stimulate straw-C mineralisation, whereas straw addition caused a net immobilisation of slurry N. Key words: Animal slurry, crop residues, C-N relationships, organic amendments
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4271 , 1918-1841
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4141/S00-046
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2017003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 417254-1
    SSG: 13
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
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