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  • 1
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    A Pilot Study of Sampling Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue to Examine Biomarkers of Cancer Risk
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2009
    In:  Cancer Prevention Research Vol. 2, No. 1 ( 2009-01-01), p. 37-42
    Details
    In: Cancer Prevention Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 2, No. 1 ( 2009-01-01), p. 37-42
    Abstract: Examination of adipose tissue biology may provide important insight into mechanistic links for the observed association between higher body fat and risk of several types of cancer, in particular colorectal and breast cancer. We tested two different methods of obtaining adipose tissue from healthy individuals. Ten overweight or obese (body mass index, 25-40 kg/m2), postmenopausal women were recruited. Two subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue samples were obtained per individual (i.e., right and left lower abdominal regions) using two distinct methods (method A: 14-gauge needle with incision, versus method B: 16-gauge needle without incision). Gene expression was examined at the mRNA level for leptin, adiponectin, aromatase, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in flash-frozen tissue, and at the protein level for leptin, adiponectin, IL-6, and TNF-α following short-term culture. Participants preferred biopsy method A and few participants reported any of the usual minor side effects. Gene expression was detectable for leptin, adiponectin, and aromatase, but was below detectable limits for IL-6 and TNF-α. For detectable genes, relative gene expression in adipose tissue obtained by methods A and B was similar for adiponectin (r = 0.64, P = 0.06) and leptin (r = 0.80, P = 0.01), but not for aromatase (r = 0.37,P = 0.34). Protein levels in tissue culture supernatant exhibited good intra-assay agreement [coefficient of variation (CV), 1-10%] , with less agreement for intraindividual agreement (CV, 17-29%) and reproducibility, following one freeze-thaw cycle (CV, & gt;14%). Subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies from healthy, overweight individuals provide adequate amounts for RNA extraction, gene expression, and other assays of relevance to cancer prevention research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1940-6207 , 1940-6215
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-08-0073
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 2
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    Abstract B2: Effects of individual and combined diet and exercise intervention in postmenopausal women on adiponectin and leptin
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2011
    In:  Cancer Prevention Research Vol. 4, No. 10_Supplement ( 2011-10-01), p. B2-B2
    Details
    In: Cancer Prevention Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 4, No. 10_Supplement ( 2011-10-01), p. B2-B2
    Abstract: Introduction: Obesity and sedentary lifestyles are modifiable risk factors for several chronic diseases. Adiponectin and leptin play central roles in energy balance, insulin homeostasis and lipid/glucose metabolism. We examined the individual and combined effects of dietary weight loss and/or exercise on serum adiponectin and leptin concentrations. Methods: We conducted a 12-month randomized controlled trial in 439 overweight/obese postmenopausal women to examine biomarkers of breast cancer risk. Participants were randomly assigned to dietary weight loss (D) (N=118), moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise (E), 225 minutes/week (N=117), combined diet + exercise (D+E) (N=117), or control (N=87). Blood samples were taken at baseline and 12 months follow-up. Changes in adiponectin and leptin were measured via radioimmunoassay. Results: Adiponectin increased significantly over the intervention period in the D+E (+6.6%; p=.0001) and D group (+9.5%; p & lt;.0001), compared to controls (−0.4%). No statistically significant adiponectin changes were observed in the E intervention. In all intervention groups leptin decreased significantly compared to controls (D+E −40.1% p & lt;.0001; D −27.1% p & lt;.0001; E −12.1% p=0.005). When stratified by baseline BMI, we observed slightly stronger increases in adiponectin among those with BMI ≥ 30kg/m2 in the D+E intervention. Changes in leptin with the intervention were equally strong independent of baseline BMI. With increasing weight loss, adiponectin increased independent of the intervention group (D, D+E or E). Conclusion: Our study showed that a dietary weight-loss intervention had strong effects on adiponectin levels, independent of exercise. We also observed that lifestyle interventions associated with weight loss, are successful in reducing serum leptin concentrations. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):B2.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1940-6207 , 1940-6215
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.PREV-11-B2
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2011
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  • 3
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    The effects of separate and combined dietary weight loss and exercise on fasting ghrelin concentrations in overweight and obese women: a randomized controlled trial
    Wiley ; 2015
    In:  Clinical Endocrinology Vol. 82, No. 3 ( 2015-03), p. 369-376
    Details
    In: Clinical Endocrinology, Wiley, Vol. 82, No. 3 ( 2015-03), p. 369-376
    Abstract: Compensatory metabolic changes that accompany weight loss, for example, increased ghrelin, contribute to weight regain and difficulty in long‐term weight loss maintenance; however, the separate effects of long‐term caloric restriction and exercise on total circulating ghrelin in humans are unknown. Design A 12‐month randomized controlled trial comparing: i) dietary weight loss with a 10% weight loss goal (‘diet’; n  = 118); ii) moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity aerobic exercise for 45 min/day, 5 days/week (‘exercise’; n  = 117); iii) dietary weight loss and exercise (‘diet + exercise’; n  = 117); or iv) no‐lifestyle‐change control ( n  = 87). Participants: 439 overweight or obese postmenopausal women (50–75 y). Measurements Fasting total serum ghrelin was measured by radioimmunoassay at baseline and 12 months. Fasting serum leptin, adiponectin and insulin were also measured. Results Fasting total ghrelin significantly increased in the diet + exercise arm (+7·4%, P  = 0·008) but not in either the diet (+6·5%, P  = 0·07) or exercise (+1·0%, P  = 0·53) arms compared with control. Greater weight loss was associated with increased ghrelin concentrations, regardless of intervention. Neither baseline ghrelin nor body composition modified the intervention effects on changes in total ghrelin. The 12‐month change in total ghrelin was inversely associated with changes in leptin, insulin and insulin resistance, and positively associated with change in adiponectin. Conclusions Greater weight loss, achieved through a reduced calorie diet or exercise, is associated with increased total ghrelin concentrations in overweight or obese postmenopausal women.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0300-0664 , 1365-2265
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/cen.2015.82.issue-3
    DOI: 10.1111/cen.12483
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 4
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    History of weight cycling does not impede future weight loss or metabolic improvements in postmenopausal women
    Elsevier BV ; 2013
    In:  Metabolism Vol. 62, No. 1 ( 2013-1), p. 127-136
    Details
    In: Metabolism, Elsevier BV, Vol. 62, No. 1 ( 2013-1), p. 127-136
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0026-0495
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.06.012
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 5
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    Effects of a Caloric Restriction Weight Loss Diet and Exercise on Inflammatory Biomarkers in Overweight/Obese Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2012
    In:  Cancer Research Vol. 72, No. 9 ( 2012-05-01), p. 2314-2326
    Details
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 72, No. 9 ( 2012-05-01), p. 2314-2326
    Abstract: Obese and sedentary persons have increased risk for cancer; inflammation is a hypothesized mechanism. We examined the effects of a caloric restriction weight loss diet and exercise on inflammatory biomarkers in 439 women. Overweight and obese postmenopausal women were randomized to 1-year: caloric restriction diet (goal of 10% weight loss, N = 118), aerobic exercise (225 min/wk of moderate-to-vigorous activity, N = 117), combined diet + exercise (N = 117), or control (N = 87). Baseline and 1-year high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), leukocyte, and neutrophil levels were measured by investigators blind to group. Inflammatory biomarker changes were compared using generalized estimating equations. Models were adjusted for baseline body mass index (BMI), race/ethnicity, and age. Four hundred and thirty-eight (N = 1 in diet + exercise group was excluded) were analyzed. Relative to controls, hs-CRP decreased by geometric mean (95% confidence interval, P value): 0.92 mg/L (0.53–1.31, P & lt; 0.001) in the diet and 0.87 mg/L (0.51–1.23, P & lt; 0.0001) in the diet + exercise groups. IL-6 decreased by 0.34 pg/mL (0.13–0.55, P = 0.001) in the diet and 0.32 pg/mL (0.15–0.49, P & lt; 0.001) in the diet + exercise groups. Neutrophil counts decreased by 0.31 × 109/L (0.09–0.54, P = 0.006) in the diet and 0.30 × 109/L (0.09–0.50, P = 0.005) in the diet + exercise groups. Diet and diet + exercise participants with 5% or more weight loss reduced inflammatory biomarkers (hs-CRP, SAA, and IL-6) compared with controls. The diet and diet + exercise groups reduced hs-CRP in all subgroups of baseline BMI, waist circumference, CRP level, and fasting glucose. Our findings indicate that a caloric restriction weight loss diet with or without exercise reduces biomarkers of inflammation in postmenopausal women, with potential clinical significance for cancer risk reduction. Cancer Res; 72(9); 2314–26. ©2012 AACR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-3092
    RVK:
    XA 36000
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036785-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1432-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410466-3
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  • 6
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    Effects of 12-month exercise on health-related quality of life: A randomized controlled trial
    Elsevier BV ; 2011
    In:  Preventive Medicine Vol. 52, No. 5 ( 2011-05), p. 344-351
    Details
    In: Preventive Medicine, Elsevier BV, Vol. 52, No. 5 ( 2011-05), p. 344-351
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0091-7435
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.02.016
    RVK:
    XF 1500
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1471564-8
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  • 7
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    Dietary Weight Loss, Exercise, and Oxidative Stress in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2016
    In:  Cancer Prevention Research Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2016-11-01), p. 835-843
    Details
    In: Cancer Prevention Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2016-11-01), p. 835-843
    Abstract: Oxidative stress, a potential mechanism linking obesity and cancer, results from an imbalance between activation/inactivation of reactive oxygen species, byproducts of cellular metabolism. In a randomized controlled trial, we investigated effects of diet and/or exercise on biomarkers of oxidative stress. A total of 439 overweight/obese [body mass index (BMI) & gt; 25 kg/m2] postmenopausal women, ages 50 of 75 years, were randomized to 12 months of (i) reduced-calorie weight loss diet (“diet”; n = 118); (ii) moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise (“exercise”; n = 117); (iii) combined diet and exercise intervention (“diet + exercise”; n = 117); or (iv) control (n = 87). Outcomes were circulating markers of oxidative stress, including fluorescent oxidation products (FOP), F2-isoprostanes, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL). On average, participants were 57.9 years, with a BMI of 30.9 kg/m2. F2-isprostanes were significantly reduced in the diet (−22.7%, P = 0.0002) and diet + exercise (−23.5%, P & lt; 0.0001) arms versus controls (−2.99%) and nonsignificantly reduced in the exercise arm (−14.5%, P = 0.01). Participants randomized to the diet and diet + exercise arms had significant increases in levels of FOP [control −5.81%; diet +14.77% (P = 0.0001); diet + exercise +17.45%, (P = 0.0001)]. In secondary analyses, increasing weight loss was statistically significantly associated with linear trends of greater reductions in oxidized LDL and in F2-isoprostanes and increases in FOP. Compared with controls, exercise participants whose maximal oxygen consumption increased had significant decreases in levels of F2-isoprostanes and in oxidized LDL and increases in FOP. Dietary weight loss, with or without exercise, significantly reduced some markers of oxidative stress in postmenopausal women. Cancer Prev Res; 9(11); 835–43. ©2016 AACR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1940-6207 , 1940-6215
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-16-0163
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 8
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    Abstract A01: Independent and combined effects of dietary weight loss and aerobic exercise on leukocyte telomere length in overweight and obese postmenopausal women
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2012
    In:  Cancer Prevention Research Vol. 5, No. 11_Supplement ( 2012-11-01), p. A01-A01
    Details
    In: Cancer Prevention Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 5, No. 11_Supplement ( 2012-11-01), p. A01-A01
    Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12 months of dietary weight loss and/or aerobic exercise on leukocyte telomere length in overweight and obese postmenopausal women. Four hundred and thirty nine women (50-75 y) were randomized to one of four groups: i) dietary weight loss (N=118); ii) moderate-to-vigorous aerobic exercise (N=117), iii) diet + exercise (N=117), or iv) control (N=87). The diet intervention was a group-based reduced-calorie program with a 10% weight loss goal. The exercise intervention was 45 mins/day, 5 days/week of moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic activity. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and 12 months. DNA was extracted from isolated leukocytes and telomere length was measured by quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Telomere length was calculated as the ratio of telomeric DNA divided by a single-copy control gene. Mean changes were compared between groups (intent-to-treat) using generalized estimating equations. At baseline, leukocyte telomere length was not significantly correlated with body mass index (r=0.02, p=0.68) or % body fat (r=-0.003, p=0.95), but was inversely associated with age (r=-0.12 p & lt;0.01) and positively associated with VO2max (r=0.11, p=0.03). Mean telomere length (SD) was not significantly different between overweight and obese women [1.045 (0.184) vs. 1.057 (0.201); p=0.63]. After 12 months, mean weight changes were -2.4% (p=0.03) in the exercise group, -8.5% (p & lt;0.001) in the diet group, and -10.8% (p & lt;0.001) in the diet + exercise group, compared to -0.8% among controls. No significant changes in leukocyte telomere length were detected in any of the intervention groups compared to controls, nor was the magnitude of weight loss associated with telomere length changes after 12 months. Over 12-months there was a net increase (mean T/S ratio: 0.124, range: 0.002-0.736) in telomere length among 48% (n=190) of women. The proportion of women who experienced a net 12-month increase was not significantly different between groups (χ2 p=0.90). Although telomere shortening represents a compelling link between genetics, accumulated lifestyle exposures and cancer, leukocyte telomere length is not significantly changed by 12 months of dietary weight loss and/or aerobic exercise intervention in postmenopausal women. Citation Format: Caitlin Mason, Rosa-Ana Risques, Liren Xiao, Catherine R. Duggan, Ikuyo Imayama, Kristin L. Campbell, Angela Kong, Karen E. Foster-Schubert, Ching-Yun Wang, Catherine M. Alfano, George L. Blackburn, Peter S. Rabinovitch, Anne McTiernan. Independent and combined effects of dietary weight loss and aerobic exercise on leukocyte telomere length in overweight and obese postmenopausal women. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2012 Oct 16-19; Anaheim, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Prev Res 2012;5(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A01.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1940-6207 , 1940-6215
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.PREV-12-A01
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 9
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    Dietary Weight Loss and Exercise Effects on Insulin Resistance in Postmenopausal Women
    Elsevier BV ; 2011
    In:  American Journal of Preventive Medicine Vol. 41, No. 4 ( 2011-10), p. 366-375
    Details
    In: American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Elsevier BV, Vol. 41, No. 4 ( 2011-10), p. 366-375
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0749-3797
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.06.042
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020236-2
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  • 10
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    No Reduction in C-Reactive Protein following a 12-Month Randomized Controlled Trial of Exercise in Men and Women
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2008
    In:  Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention Vol. 17, No. 7 ( 2008-07-01), p. 1714-1718
    Details
    In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 17, No. 7 ( 2008-07-01), p. 1714-1718
    Abstract: Low-grade systemic inflammation is suggested to play a role in the development of several chronic diseases including cancer. Higher levels of physical activity and lower adiposity have been associated with reduced levels of markers of systemic inflammation, such as C-reactive protein (CRP); however, reductions in CRP have not been consistently observed in randomized controlled trials of exercise. Purpose: To examine the effect of a 12-month aerobic exercise intervention on CRP levels in men and women. Methods: One hundred two men and 100 women, sedentary and of ages 40 to 75 years, with mean body mass index (BMI) of 29.9 and 28.7 kg/m2, respectively, were randomly assigned to a 12-month moderate-to-vigorous aerobic exercise intervention (6 d/wk, 60 min/d, 60-85% maximum heart rate) or control group. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and at 12 months. CRP levels were measured by high-sensitivity latex-enhanced nephelometry. Results: At baseline, CRP was 1.16 and 2.11 mg/L for men and women, respectively, and CRP was correlated with percent body fat (r = 0.48, P ≤0.001), BMI (r = 0.37, P ≤ 0.001), and aerobic fitness (r = −0.49, P ≤ 0.001). No intervention effects were observed for CRP in men or women, or when stratified by baseline BMI ( & lt;30 versus ≥30 kg/m2), baseline CRP ( & lt;3 versus ≥3 mg/L), or change in body weight, body composition, or aerobic fitness. Conclusion: A 12-month moderate-to-vigorous aerobic exercise intervention did not affect CRP levels in previously sedentary men or women with average-risk CRP values at baseline. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(7):1714–8)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1055-9965 , 1538-7755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0088
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2008
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1153420-5
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