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  • 1
    In: Zootaxa, Magnolia Press, Vol. 5179, No. 1 ( 2022-09-01), p. 1-61
    Abstract: The Lygodactylus madagascariensis species group, constituting the subgenus Domerguella, currently contains five valid species of inconspicuous dwarf geckos from Madagascar’s humid forests, but at least 18 deep genetic lineages have been revealed by recent molecular studies. Given the high morphological similarity of these lineages, taxonomic resolution of this astonishing diversity requires efforts to correctly delimit species, as well as assigning the available nomina to the species-level lineages identified. We here combine DNA sequences of one mitochondrial and two nuclear-encoded gene fragments with morphometric measurements and scale counts, and report evidence for a species status of most of the previously identified lineages. In particular, we rely on sympatric and often even syntopic occurrence of several of these lineages without evidence for genetic admixture, and consistent with subtle morphological differences. Furthermore, the very high divergences of 7.4–23.8% pairwise distances in the relatively conserved mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene, combined with a lack of haplotype sharing in the nuclear-encoded genes and differences in scale counts convinced us that most of the other, allopatrically distributed lineages also represent distinct species. We elevate L. madagascariensis petteri to species level and formally name eight new species: L. salvi sp. nov., a species from the Sambirano region in northern Madagascar, previously called L. sp. 8; L. tantsaha sp. nov. (L. sp. 10), a species occurring sympatrically with L. madagascariensis and L. petteri on Montagne d’Ambre in far northern Madagascar; L. roellae sp. nov. (L. sp. 17), a species characterized by a striped coloration in all known specimens, from northern Madagascar; L. winki sp. nov. (L. sp. 18), an unstriped species from northern Madagascar but belonging to a subclade mostly distributed in the eastern rainforests of the island; L. ulli sp. nov. (L. sp. 21), a species from the same subclade as L. winki but known only from the Marojejy Massif in the North East; L. fritzi sp. nov. (L. sp. 11), a further species of this subclade from coastal lowlands in the Northern Central East; L. hodikazo sp. nov. (L. sp. 23) known from a single specimen collected at the Tsingy de Bemaraha and therefore the only Domerguella species known from the West region of Madagascar; and L. hapei sp. nov. (L. sp. 26), an enigmatic species from the Sambirano region characterized by a striped pattern on the throat that is otherwise unknown in the subgenus. Three additional deep mitochondrial lineages of Domerguella were identified in our analysis, but could not be further analyzed due to the lack or scarcity of voucher specimens. More field work and collection of voucher specimens is needed to understand their status. Furthermore, the taxonomy of the Domerguella subclade occurring in eastern Madagascar, with three described species (L. guibei, L. miops, L. fritzi), two synonyms (L. septemtuberculatus, Microscalabotes spinulifer) and at least two further deep genetic lineages co-occurring in a relatively small area, requires further revisionary work, possibly aided by target-enrichment sequencing of the respective name-bearing types.  
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1175-5334 , 1175-5326
    URL: Issue
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Magnolia Press
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 2
    In: Zootaxa, Magnolia Press, Vol. 5352, No. 2 ( 2023-10-03), p. 221-234
    Abstract: The Malagasy frog Platypelis mavomavo from Ambolokopatrika in the North East of Madagascar was originally diagnosed based on its bright yellow venter, but only limited information on this species has become available after its initial description in 2003. Several Platypelis specimens with yellow ventral color have been erroneously assigned to this species due to a lack of DNA sequences from the P. mavomavo type series. On the other hand, the candidate species Platypelis sp. Ca10 from Andranomapanga in the Northern Central East of Madagascar with gray ventral color has been defined based on its genetic differentiation from other nominal Platypelis species. Here we study the genetic variation of P. mavomavo and P. sp. Ca10 based on mitochondrial (16S rRNA) and nuclear-encoded (RAG-1) genes, including a newly determined sequence from the P. mavomavo holotype, which was studied using a museomics approach. We find only limited genetic variation among the samples studied, and this variation is unlinked to ventral coloration but instead reflects geographic distribution. We, therefore, conclude that P. sp. Ca10 is a gray-colored variant of P. mavomavo, and that P. mavomavo is rather widespread in the North East and Northern Central East of Madagascar, with populations in areas bordering the North West (Ambohitantely) and Sambirano (Ampotsidy) geographic regions, and the yellow-bellied morph restricted to the North East (Makira, Ambolokopatrika). Due to the range extension of P. mavomavo, the conservation status of the species requires re-assessment.  
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1175-5334 , 1175-5326
    URL: Issue
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    Publisher: Magnolia Press
    Publication Date: 2023
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    In: Zootaxa, Magnolia Press, Vol. 2982, No. 1 ( 2011-08-02)
    Abstract: We describe a new Phelsuma species from the relictual forest of Anja Reserve (13 km south from Ambalavao, on the central high plateau of southern Madagascar). Phelsuma gouldi sp. nov. seems to be an arboreal and possibly rockdwelling species that has been observed in the private Anja Reserve (949 m a.s.l.), and possibly near Betroka almost 160 km further south-west. The species belongs to the P. mutabilis species group and differs from the other three species of the group, P. mutabilis, P. breviceps, and P. borai by a high genetic divergence of more than 10% in the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene, and by a combination of 7–9 subdigital lamellae under the fourth toe, 6–7 supralabials, one internasal, and numerous details of throat scalation. Phelsuma mutabilis comprises three mitochondrial clades with divergences of more than 4% in the 16S rRNA gene, but the lack of distinct morphological differences and absence of a geographical structure among these clades indicate that this pattern is currently best considered as reflecting intraspecific variability.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1175-5334 , 1175-5326
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    Publisher: Magnolia Press
    Publication Date: 2011
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  • 4
    In: Zootaxa, Magnolia Press, Vol. 3937, No. 1 ( 2015-03-24), p. 61-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1175-5334 , 1175-5326
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    Publisher: Magnolia Press
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 5
    In: Zootaxa, Magnolia Press, Vol. 5319, No. 2 ( 2023-07-25), p. 178-198
    Abstract: Frogs of the Blommersia wittei complex are widespread in western and northern Madagascar, and are one of two clades of the family Mantellidae that have colonized the Comoran island of Mayotte. Based on a comprehensive set of DNA sequences of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene and the nuclear-encoded RAG1 and SACS genes, integrated with morphological and bioacoustic data, we here analyze the genetic differentiation of populations of this complex across Madagascar. We confirm that a candidate species named B. sp. Ca5 in previous studies represents a genetically well-defined evolutionary lineage distributed over much of western Madagascar, which we describe herein as Blommeria bara sp. nov. based on its molecular and bioacoustic differentiation. Blommersia wittei occurs across northern Madagascar but its type locality Ambanja, at the lower Sambirano river, is very close to the range of another, newly discovered microendemic lineage that was only found at two sites along the upper Sambirano river (here named as candidate species B. sp. Ca12). The B. wittei complex thus provides an example of a clade of closely related Malagasy frogs that contains species widespread over hundreds of kilometers, as well as extreme microendemics. For a full resolution of this species complex, more data need to be collected on the geographical contact among these two lineages, on the morphology and bioacoustics of B. sp. Ca12, and on the north-eastern populations of B. wittei at Sambava, which are weakly differentiated in mitochondrial genes but differ in bioacoustics and possibly in the extent of foot webbing.  
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1175-5334 , 1175-5326
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    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Magnolia Press
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 6
    In: Megataxa, Magnolia Press, Vol. 7, No. 2 ( 2022-12-15)
    Abstract: Malagasy frogs of the subgenus Brygoomantis in the mantellid frog genus Mantidactylus currently comprise 14 described species of mostly brown, riparian frogs. Data from DNA barcoding suggested that the diversity of this subgenus is dramatically underestimated by current taxonomy. We here provide a comprehensive revision of this subgenus. We use hybrid-enrichment based DNA barcode fishing to obtain mitochondrial DNA fragments from the name-bearing type material of 16 of the 20 available names for members of this subgenus, and integrate these into a genetic dataset consisting of 1305 individuals sampled across Madagascar. By thus assigning the nomina to genetic lineages, we can confidently establish synonyms, revalidate old names, and describe the remaining diversity. We take an integrative approach to our descriptions, drawing together genetics, morphometrics and morphology, and bioacoustics for assignment. We also provide a robust phylogenomic hypothesis for the subgenus, based on 12,818 nuclear-encoded markers (almost 10 million base pairs) for 58 representative samples, sequenced using a hybrid-enrichment bait set for amphibians. Those data suggest a division of the subgenus into eight major clades and show that morphological species complexes are often paraphyletic or polyphyletic. Lectotypes are designated for Rana betsileana Boulenger, 1882; Rana biporus Boulenger, 1889; Rana curta Boulenger, 1882; Mantidactylus ambohimitombi Boulenger, 1918; Mantidactylus tripunctatus Angel, 1930; and Rana inaudax Peracca, 1893. For several other nomina, previous authors had considered a certain syntype as holotype; this has been seen as lectotype designation by implication, which, however, is ambiguous according to the provisions of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Hence, we validate a previous lectotype designation by implication for Limnodytes ulcerosus Boettger, 1880 by explicitly designating the same individual as lectotype. In one other such case, that of Mantidactylus brauni Ahl, 1929, we deviate from previous authors and designate a different specimen as lectotype. We revalidate Rana inaudax Peracca, 1893 as Mantidactylus inaudax (Peracca, 1893) bona species, and Mantidactylus tripunctatus Angel, 1930 bona species. The identities of three further species (M. ambohimitombi, M. biporus, M. tricinctus) are largely redefined based on new genetic data. By designating the lectotype of Rana aluta (MZUT An725.1) as the neotype of Mantidactylus laevis Angel, 1929 we also stabilize the latter nomen (as junior synonym of M. alutus) whose original type material is lost. Based on DNA sequences of its lectotype, we consider Mantidactylus brauni Ahl, 1929 as junior synonym of M. ulcerosus (rather than M. biporus). We formally name 20 new species and four new subspecies: M. ambohimitombi marefo ssp. nov., M. ambohimitombi miloko ssp. nov., M. mahery sp. nov., M. steinfartzi sp. nov., M. incognitus sp. nov., M. jonasi sp. nov., M. katae sp. nov., M. kortei sp. nov., M. riparius sp. nov., M. fergusoni sp. nov., M. georgei sp. nov., M. jahnarum sp. nov., M. marintsoai sp. nov., M. grubenmanni sp. nov., M. gudrunae sp. nov., M. augustini sp. nov., M. bletzae sp. nov., M. brevirostris sp. nov., M. eulenbergeri sp. nov., M. glosi sp. nov., M. stelliger sp. nov., M. manerana sp. nov., M. manerana fotaka ssp. nov., and M. manerana antsanga ssp. nov. This leaves Mantidactylus subgenus Brygoomantis with 35 described species and six subspecies (including nominate subspecies). Based on our taxonomic revision, we discuss (i) the importance of definitive assignment of historical names via archival DNA analysis; (ii) the relevance of the subspecies category to name geographic variation within species; (iii) the value of molecular characters in formal species diagnoses in taxa with substantial individual variation of morphology; (iv) the use of phylogenomic approaches for taxonomy, by confirming that some morphologically similar taxa are not each other’s closest relatives, and in several cases belong to entirely different major subclades within Brygoomantis, thus facilitating lineage diagnosis; and (v) the need to interpret genetic distances in a probabilistic framework rather than using fixed thresholds, where higher distances confer a higher likelihood of genetic incompatibilities across the genome and thus completion of speciation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2703-3090 , 2703-3082
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Magnolia Press
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 7
    In: Zootaxa, Magnolia Press, Vol. 3022, No. 1 ( 2011-09-12), p. 39-
    Abstract: Endemic to Madagascar, the genus Uroplatus of the family Gekkonidae consists of 13 nominal species of leaf-tailed geckos. These forest dwelling lizards are famous for their cryptic and odd appearance. We describe a new species of the Uroplatus ebenaui group from the Montagne d’Ambre massif in northern Madagascar. Uroplatus finiavana sp. nov., is morphologically similar to the sympatric U. ebenaui but differs in multiple character state expressions, among which are a longer tail and an unpigmentated oral mucosa. It also can be differentiated from U. ebenaui and all other Uroplatus species based on a high level of divergence in the mitochondrial ND4 gene and the nuclear C-mos gene, and no instances of haplotype sharing exist in these genes among the analysed species. The new species is relatively abundant at Montagne d'Ambre National Park where at lower elevations (ca. 700 m) it occurs together with U. ebenaui, without any signal of genetic admixture. Records of U. ebenaui in the mountains and forest blocks of northern Madagascar (especially in the Tsaratanana massif) actually represent other candidate species with distinct morphology and characterized by a high genetic divergence from the described species. Beside the description of the new species we discuss the geographic provenance of the holotypes of the nominal species and synonyms in the U. ebenaui group and provide further information on the phylogeny of the U. ebenaui species group including the first incorporation of Uroplatus malama in a molecular data set.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1175-5334 , 1175-5326
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    Publisher: Magnolia Press
    Publication Date: 2011
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  • 8
    In: Zootaxa, Magnolia Press, Vol. 1501, No. 1 ( 2007-06-07), p. 31-44
    Abstract: Malagasy poison frogs of the genus Mantella with its 16 species are currently sub-divided into 5 major groups. Of these, the Mantella betsileo group is traditionally understood as containing four species, Mantella betsileo, M. expectata, M. viridis and M. manery, while the M. laevigata group is considered to be monospecific. A phylogenetic analysis of samples from multiple localities of all species in these two groups, based on sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, shows the existence of several well-distinct clades in what is currently considered to be Mantella betsileo: (1) central-western populations from Kirindy, Isalo, and near Antsirabe close to the Betsileo region, to which the name M. betsileo is to be applied, (2) populations of the north-east and north-west, which are closely related to M. viridis and to which the name M. ebenaui is to be applied, and (3) a clade from southernmost Madagascar and from the Tsingy de Bemaraha, which is sister to M. expectata and furthermore includes important intra-clade variation, therefore probably representing one or two undescribed species. Our data also support a large genetic distance of M. manery to all other species and its probable sister-group relationship to the sympatric M. laevigata; M. manery is consequently transferred from the M. betsileo group to the M. laevigata group.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1175-5334 , 1175-5326
    URL: Issue
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Magnolia Press
    Publication Date: 2007
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    In: Zootaxa, Magnolia Press, Vol. 3490, No. 1 ( 2012-09-19)
    Abstract: We describe a new Brookesia species from a forest fragment located 13 km south of Ambalavao in the southern part ofMadagascar's central high plateau. Brookesia brunoi sp. nov. is one of the few arid-adapted Brookesia species inhabitingdeciduous forests on the western slope of the central high plateau of the island (around 950 m a.s.l.). So far the species hasonly been observed in the private Anja Reserve. The species belongs to the Brookesia decaryi group formed by arid-adapt-ed Brookesia species of western Madagascar: B. bonsi Ramanantsoa, B. perarmata (Angel), B. brygooi Raxworthy & Nussbaum and B. decaryi Angel. Brookesia brunoi differs from the other four species of the group by a genetic divergenceof more than 17.6% in the mitochondrial ND2 gene, and by a combination of morphological characters: (1) nine pairs oflaterovertebral pointed tubercles, (2) absence of enlarged pointed tubercles around the vent, (3) presence of poorly definedlaterovertebral tubercles along the entire tail, (4) by the configuration of its cephalic crest, and (5) hemipenial morphology.Based on our molecular phylogeny this species is sister to a clade containing B. brygooi, B. decaryi, and probably B. bonsifor which no ND2 sequences were available. Our molecular data also confirm the presence of a divergent mitochondriallineage in the Tsingy de Bemaraha, which might be assigned to either B. bonsi or B. decaryi, and point to the need of more research on this population.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1175-5334 , 1175-5326
    URL: Issue
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    Publisher: Magnolia Press
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 10
    In: Zootaxa, Magnolia Press, Vol. 4938, No. 4 ( 2021-03-02)
    Abstract: The genus Scaphiophryne (Anura: Microhylidae) contains at least nine species that, together with their probable sister genus Paradoxophyla, form the Madagascar-endemic subfamily Scaphiophryninae. Scaphiophryne are robust burrowing frogs with explosive breeding behavior and are characterized by a unique larval morphology, being intermediate between that of filter-feeding and generalized tadpole types. Based on tadpole morphology, the nominal subgenus Scaphiophryne can be distinguished from the subgenus Pseudohemisus, a clade occurring in arid biomes with a largely unsolved taxonomy and nomenclature. Here we combine a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of all scaphiophrynines based on five mitochondrial and two nuclear genes with a re-examination of the name-bearing type specimens of the seven species-level nomina assignable to the subgenus Pseudohemisus. Our molecular phylogeny supports monophyly of the two subgenera and assigns the enigmatic S. matsoko to the subgenus Scaphiophryne. In this subgenus, our analysis confirms all currently accepted species as independent evolutionary lineages based on concordant differentiation in mitochondrial and nuclear genes, and provides evidence for a combination of low mitochondrial divergence, distinct nuclear divergence, and high nuclear heterozygosity. Yet, contrary to previous hypotheses, we do not find evidence of ongoing hybridization. In the subgenus Pseudohemisus we find support for three clearly delimited species-level lineages, one of which contains two deep conspecific lineages that warrant further study. To stabilize the taxonomy in this subgenus, and considering the very poor state of preservation of several type series and the heterogeneity of some of them, we here designate lectotypes for the nomina: Hemisus obscurus Grandidier, 1872; Calophrynus calcaratus Mocquard, 1895; Pseudohemisus verrucosus Angel, 1930; Pseudohemisus longimanus Angel, 1930; and Pseudohemisus longimanus var. melanopleura Angel, 1934. Taxonomically, we accept Scaphiophryne brevis (Boulenger, 1896) as a well-defined species; restrict S. calcarata (Mocquard, 1995) to the southern lineage of the S. calcarata complex; resurrect Hemisus obscurus Grandidier, 1872 (previously considered to be a dubious name or nomen inquirendum) as Scaphiophryne obscura to refer to the western and north-western lineage of the S. calcarata complex; consider Pseudohemisus verrucosus Angel, 1930 as junior synonym of Scaphiophryne brevis; and consider Pseudohemisus longimanus Angel, 1930 and Pseudohemisus longimanus var. melanopleura Angel, 1934 as junior synonyms of Scaphiophryne obscura. Finally, to accelerate taxonomic progress, we (i) outline a set of criteria by which such old and ambiguous nomina can be applied to known lineages, (ii) suggest that the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature should slightly broaden the conditions under which neotypes are to be designated, and (iii) propose to redouble discussions on the introduction of the concept of the epitype to zoology. 
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1175-5334 , 1175-5326
    URL: Issue
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Magnolia Press
    Publication Date: 2021
    SSG: 12
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