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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Galvanic Corrosion Behaviour of Different Types of Coatings Used in Safety Systems Manufacturing
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Coatings Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2021-12-15), p. 1542-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2021-12-15), p. 1542-
    Abstract: Worker safety is one of the main aspects to be taken into account in any activity carried out at work. When we talk about the safety of the worker at activities carried out at height, the condition and characteristics of the personal protective equipment against falling from a height are one of the main causes of work accidents resulting in serious injuries or death. Carabiners are the main components of the safety system; their role is to connect the other components of the system or to make the connection between the system and the anchor point. Therefore, to be used safely, the carabiners’ material must have high corrosion resistance in different environments. This paper is part of a complex study that aims to improve the corrosion properties of carbon steel used in the manufacture of carabiners. Previous studies have shown that the corrosion resistance of carbon steel in various corrosive environments has been improved by the deposition of different types of phosphate layers, as well as other subsequently deposited layers. The aim of this paper is to study the galvanic corrosion evaluation between different galvanic couples (duralumin-coated samples, aluminium bronze-coated samples, and carbon steel-coated samples) tested in three different corrosive media. Moreover, the study approaches for the first time the galvanic corrosion of systems that can be formed between the materials used in the manufacture of carabiners. Accordingly, it was observed that, overall, the samples coated with a Zn phosphate layer exhibited the best performance in all the corrosive environments (saltwater and fire extinguishing solution).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings11121542
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Phosphate Coatings: EIS and SEM Applied to Evaluate the Corrosion Behavior of Steel in Fire Extinguishing Solution
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 11, No. 17 ( 2021-08-25), p. 7802-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 17 ( 2021-08-25), p. 7802-
    Abstract: Phosphate coatings are one of the most important methods in preventing metal corrosion, especially iron alloys. The high interest in this method for industrial applications is mainly due to the low costs associated with the phosphating solution component and technological process. Considering this aspect and the advantages offered to the materials (corrosion resistance, good adhesion, wear resistance), this study evaluates the potential of using the phosphate coating method in health and safety applications. Therefore, the deposition of a layer of zinc phosphate on the steel surface used in the manufacture of components for personal protective equipment was approached. Firefighters, during rescue/evacuation operations, use protective equipment for fall arrest, whose accessories (hooks, carabiners) are made of steel. Due to the low corrosion resistance property of carbon steel, these accessories must be replaced frequently. This paper aims to analyze the possibility of improving the corrosion resistance of carbon steel in a fire extinguishing solution. Accordingly, the electrochemical behavior of two different types of coatings was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). In the literature, different corrosion evaluating methods or systems have been considered, and up until now, there has been no previous study to have approached the corrosive behavior of C45, phosphate C45, and painted phosphate C45 immersed in fire extinguishing solution.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app11177802
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ca–Zn Phosphate Conversion Coatings Deposited on Ti6Al4V for Medical Applications
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Coatings Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2023-06-01), p. 1029-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2023-06-01), p. 1029-
    Abstract: This paper aims to study the possibility of improving the chemical and surface characteristics of the Ti6Al4V alloy by depositing phosphate layers on its surface. Accordingly, an innovative phosphating solution was developed and used in a chemical conversion process to obtain Ca–Zn phosphate layers on the base material surface. Moreover, the chemical composition of the phosphate solution was chosen considering the biocompatibility of the chemical elements and their possibility of contributing to the formation of phosphate compounds. The obtained layer was characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and potentiodynamic polarization tests. The wetting of the Ca–Zn sample surface was also investigated using water and two liquids similar to body fluids, namely, Ringer and Dulbecco solutions. According to the surface energy study, the polar component is almost two times larger compared with the dispersive one. The SEM and EDS tests revealed a uniformly coated surface with intercalated crystals leading to a rough surface. Furthermore, the XRD results showed not only the presence of hopeite and scholzite but also of phosphophyllite. By the vibrations of the PO4−3 groups, the FTIR test confirmed the presence of these phases. The potentiodynamic tests revealed that the samples coated with the Ca–Zn phosphate layer present better corrosion resistance and a lower corrosion rate compared with the uncoated ones.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings13061029
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multi-Walled Carbon-Nanotube-Reinforced PMMA Nanocomposites: An Experimental Study of Their Friction and Wear Properties
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Polymers Vol. 15, No. 13 ( 2023-06-22), p. 2785-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 13 ( 2023-06-22), p. 2785-
    Abstract: This manuscript presents an experimental investigation of the friction and wear properties of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites reinforced with functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of MWCNTs as a reinforcement material for enhancing the tribological performance of PMMA. Three types of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, i.e., pristine, hydroxyl functionalized, and carboxyl functionalized, were utilized in this study. The nanocomposite samples were prepared by dispersing varying concentrations of MWCNTs (0.1 wt.%, 0.5 wt.%, and 1 wt.%) within the PMMA matrix via a 3D mixing approach, followed by injection molding/compression molding. The resulting nanocomposite films were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe the dispersion of MWCNTs within the PMMA matrix. The friction and wear tests were conducted using a pin-on-disk tribometer under dry sliding conditions. The effects of functionalization and MWCNT content on the tribological behaviors of the nanocomposites were analyzed. The nanocomposites exhibited lower friction coefficients and reduced wear rates compared to pure PMMA. The lowest friction coefficient and wear rate were achieved at an optimum MWCNT loading of 0.5 wt.%. It was further revealed that the amount of MWCNT reinforcement, average load, and track diameter significantly affect the coefficient of friction (COF) and rate of wear. The COF and wear rate are best at a filler loading of 0.5 wt.%, a 20 Kg load, and 90 mm. The improved tribological performance of the MWCNT-reinforced PMMA nanocomposites can be attributed to the effective transfer of load between the MWCNTs and the PMMA matrix, as well as the reinforcement effect of the MWCNTs. The MWCNTs acted as reinforcing agents, enhancing the mechanical properties and wear resistance of the nanocomposites.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym15132785
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Shock Resistance Improvement of Carbon Steel Carabiners Used at PPE
    EDP Sciences ; 2019
    In:  MATEC Web of Conferences Vol. 290 ( 2019), p. 12004-
    Details
    In: MATEC Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Vol. 290 ( 2019), p. 12004-
    Abstract: In a continuously changing world where the human operator still plays an important role in most industrial activities, health and safety occupies a fundamental place, with the goal of maintaining workers healthy and in safe condition during their job activities. One of the means that make this goal achievable is the use of adequate personal protective equipment. The carabiners are connecting parts that link the components quickly and reversibly of personal protective equipment used against falls. Thus shackles can be divided in multiple elements, such as: the gate, which always opens inward and can be provided with or without the locking system, the second and the biggest element is the body which can have different form according to the BS EN 12275:2013 standard, the gate and the body are connected thru the rivet pin and nose. The personal fall arrest system used in areas such as construction, speleology, petroleum industry, includes metal components that must possess high mechanical properties, especially shock-resistance. In order to improve resilience, a layer of rubber paint will be deposited on the carabiner surface. The aim of this study is to analyse the influence of rubber coating on the carabiners shock resistance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2261-236X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/201929012004
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2673602-0
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