GLORIA

GEOMAR Library Ocean Research Information Access

X

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Bruins, Hendrik J  (10)
Material
Publisher
Person/Organisation
Language
Years
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Radiocarbon Dating in Near-Eastern Contexts: Confusion and Quality Control
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2001
    In:  Radiocarbon Vol. 43, No. 3 ( 2001), p. 1155-1166
    Details
    In: Radiocarbon, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 43, No. 3 ( 2001), p. 1155-1166
    Abstract: Near-Eastern archaeology has long remained oblivious to radiocarbon dating as unique historical calendars brought about a perception that 14 C dating is superfluous. Circular chronological reasoning may occur as a result. There is now strong 14 C evidence that the early part of Egyptian history seems older than age assessments currently in vogue among scholars. It is vital to apply systematic and high-quality 14 C dating to each and every excavation in the Near East to measure time with the same yardstick . Such a strategy will enable chronological comparison of different areas at an excavation site and also between sites and regions, independent of cultural deliberations. This is essential for proper interpretation of archaeological layers and association with data from other fields. Radiocarbon ( 14 C) is the most common radiometric dating tool applied in archaeology, geosciences, and environmental research. Stringent quality control is required to build up a reliable 14 C chronology for the historical periods in Near-Eastern contexts. Important aspects of quality control involve regular laboratory intercomparisons, transparent duplicate and triplicate analysis of selected samples, conventional versus accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) (i.e. sample size), sample selection and association. Finally, bones may provide short-lived dates in important stratigraphic archaeological contexts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-8222 , 1945-5755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0033822200038455
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028560-7
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 13
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Iron Age Agriculture − A Critical Rejoinder to “Settlement Oscillations in the Negev Highlands Revisited: the Impact of Microarchaeological Methods”
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2017
    In:  Radiocarbon Vol. 59, No. 1 ( 2017-02), p. 1-16
    Details
    In: Radiocarbon, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 59, No. 1 ( 2017-02), p. 1-16
    Abstract: Shahack-Gross and Finkelstein (2015) further developed their theory, based on microarchaeology, that there was no agriculture in the Negev Highlands during the Iron Age. We critically evaluate their article in this rejoinder and propose that their conclusion is an example of overinterpretation from a small amount of indirect data. Based on phytoliths in two courtyards and a few rooms, i.e. structures not related to farming, they construed the absence of agriculture during the Iron Age in an area of 2000 km 2 . We present new radiocarbon, macroarchaeological, and microarchaeological data of Horvat Haluqim, showing that agriculture in the Negev Highlands based on runoff/floodwater capture and related terrace wall construction did not begin with the Roman–Byzantine period. Terrace agriculture in the Negev is older and includes also the Iron Age.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-8222 , 1945-5755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/RDC.2016.95
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028560-7
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 13
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Radiocarbon Dating the “Wilderness of Zin”
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2007
    In:  Radiocarbon Vol. 49, No. 2 ( 2007), p. 481-497
    Details
    In: Radiocarbon, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 49, No. 2 ( 2007), p. 481-497
    Abstract: An important archaeological survey was conducted by Leonard Woolley and T E Lawrence in 1914 on behalf of the Palestine Exploration Fund in the Negev and northeastern Sinai deserts—the “Wilderness of Zin.” The region of Ain Kadeis, associated by some scholars in the 19th century with biblical Kadesh-Barnea, received much attention in their survey and discussions. Concerning the vexed question of Kadesh-Barnea, Woolley and Lawrence gave their preference for the nearby Ain el Qudeirat Valley, and in particular the ancient tell. Their survey contributed significantly in the shaping of scholarly opinion on the matter, even until today. But modern surveys and excavations failed to identify any archaeological remnants of the 2nd millennium BCE in the above regions, thereby putting the above associations in question. The Middle Bronze Age II, Late Bronze Age, and Iron Age I that cover this millennium are considered missing in the area in archaeological terms. However, our research reveals that archaeological remains of the 2nd millennium BCE do exist in the region, as determined chronologically by radiocarbon dating. A geoarchaeological approach is required to investigate terraced fields in wadis, which contain a unique record of human activity in these desert regions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-8222 , 1945-5755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0033822200042417
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028560-7
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 13
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Minoan Santorini Eruption and its 14 C Position in Archaeological Strata: Preliminary Comparison Between Ashkelon and Tell El-Dab c a
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2017
    In:  Radiocarbon Vol. 59, No. 5 ( 2017-10), p. 1295-1307
    Details
    In: Radiocarbon, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 59, No. 5 ( 2017-10), p. 1295-1307
    Abstract: The volcanic mega event of the Minoan Santorini eruption constitutes a time anchor in the 2nd millennium BCE that is inherently independent of archaeology and political history. It was a geological event. Yet the dimension of time in geology is not different than in archaeology or human history. Why then does archaeological dating usually place the Minoan Santorini eruption in the 18th Dynasty around 1500 BCE, whilst radiocarbon dating of the volcanic event at Akrotiri (Thera) yielded a calibrated age of 1646–1603 cal BCE, a difference of more than a century? The crux of the problem lies apparently in the correlation between archaeological strata and political history. We present radiocarbon dates of Ashkelon Phases 10 and 11 in comparison to Tell el-Dab c a and the Santorini eruption, based only on 14 C dating. Tell el-Dab c a Phase D/2 is slightly older than the volcanic event. But Phase D/1 or Phase C/2-3 could have witnessed the eruption. Ashkelon Phase 11 has similar radiocarbon dates as Tell el-Dab c a Phases E/2, E/1 and D/3, all being significantly older than the Minoan eruption. It seems that the duration of Ashkelon Phase 10 includes the temporal occurrence of the Minoan Santorini eruption within the Second Intermediate Period.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-8222 , 1945-5755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/RDC.2017.88
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028560-7
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 13
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Iron Age Around the Mediterranean: A High Chronology Perspective from the Groningen Radiocarbon Database
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2009
    In:  Radiocarbon Vol. 51, No. 1 ( 2009), p. 213-242
    Details
    In: Radiocarbon, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 51, No. 1 ( 2009), p. 213-242
    Abstract: In this paper, we present an overview of radiocarbon dating contributions from Groningen, concerning 9 sites from around the Mediterranean region: Israel, Sinai (Egypt), Jordan, Spain, Tunisia, and Italy. Full date lists of the 9 sites are presented. Our 14 C dates are discussed in terms of present actual chronological debates. We show that all our 14 C dates coherently support a “high chronology” for the Iron Age in each respective area of the Mediterranean region.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-8222 , 1945-5755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0033822200033786
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028560-7
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 13
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Minoan Santorini Eruption and Tsunami Deposits in Palaikastro (Crete): Dating by Geology, Archaeology, 14 C, and Egyptian Chronology
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2009
    In:  Radiocarbon Vol. 51, No. 2 ( 2009), p. 397-411
    Details
    In: Radiocarbon, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 51, No. 2 ( 2009), p. 397-411
    Abstract: Deposits from the Minoan Santorini (Thera) eruption in the eastern Mediterranean region constitute the most important regional stratigraphic marker in the chronological perplexity of the 2nd millennium BCE. Extensive tsunami deposits were discovered in Crete at the Minoan archaeological site of Palaikastro, containing reworked volcanic Santorini ash. Hence, airborne deposition of volcanic ash, probably during the 1st (Plinian) eruption phase, preceded the tsunami, which was apparently generated during the 3rd or 4th phase of the eruption, based on evidence from Thera. Average radiocarbon dates (uncalibrated) of animal bones in the Palaikastro tsunami deposits along the coast (3350 ± 25 BP) and at the inland archaeological site (3352 ± 23 BP) are astoundingly similar to the average 14 C date for the Minoan Santorini eruption at Akrotiri on Thera (3350 ± 10 BP). The wiggle-matched 14 C date of the eruption in calendar years is 1627–1600 cal BCE. Late Minoan IA pottery is the youngest element in the Palaikastro tsunami deposits, fitting with the LM IA archaeological date for the Santorini eruption, conventionally linked at ~1500 BCE with Dynasty XVIII of the historical Egyptian chronology. The reasons for the discrepancy of 100–150 yr between 14 C dating and Egyptian chronology for part of the 2nd millennium BCE are unknown. 14 C dates from Tell el-Dab c a in the eastern Nile Delta show that the 14 C age of the Santorini eruption matches with 14 C results from 18th Dynasty strata C3 and C2, thereby confirming grosso modo the conventional archaeo-historical correlations between the Aegean and Egypt. We propose that a dual dating system is used in parallel: (1) archaeological material-cultural correlations linked to Egyptian chronology; (2) 14 C dating. Mixing of dates from the 2 systems may lead to erroneous archaeological and historical correlations. A “calibration curve” should be established between Egyptian chronology and 14 C dating for the 2nd millennium BCE, which may also assist to resolve the cause of the discrepancy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-8222 , 1945-5755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S003382220005579X
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028560-7
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 13
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Desert Habitation History by 14 C Dating of Soil Layers in Rural Building Structures (Negev, Israel): Preliminary Results from Horvat Haluqim
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2012
    In:  Radiocarbon Vol. 54, No. 3-4 ( 2012), p. 391-406
    Details
    In: Radiocarbon, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 54, No. 3-4 ( 2012), p. 391-406
    Abstract: Traditional archaeological approaches in the central Negev Desert used to employ excavation techniques in post-prehistoric periods in which stratigraphy is based on architecture, while material culture forms the basis for dating assessment and chronology. Such an approach was understandable, as it focused on the most visible remains of past human habitation. However, the detailed habitation record is in the soil rather than in the walls. Moreover, ceramics and stone tools in desert cultures often have limited time resolution in terms of absolute chronology. The rural desert site of Horvat Haluqim in the central Negev yielded 2 habitation periods with the traditional methodology: (1) Roman period, 2nd–3rd centuries CE; (2) Iron Age IIA, 10th century BCE. We have conducted at Horvat Haluqim initial excavations in small building remains that were never excavated before. Our excavation methodology focuses on detailed examination of the archaeological soil in building structures, coupled with accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating for chronology, and micromorphology of undisturbed soil samples to study stratigraphy and soil contents at the microscopic scale. Here, we report preliminary results, concentrating on the 14 C dates. These suggest a much longer habitation history at the site during the Iron Age. The 14 C dates obtained so far from these building remains cover Iron Age I, II, III, and the Persian period. The oldest calibrated date (charred C 4 plants) in a rectangular building structure (L100) is 1129–971 BCE (60.5%, highest relative probability). The youngest calibrated date in a round building structure (L700) is 540–411 BCE (57.9%, highest relative probability). This excavation methodology provides additional “eyes” to look at past human habitation in the Negev Desert, seeing more periods and more detail than was possible with traditional schemes and ceramic dating.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-8222 , 1945-5755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0033822200047160
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028560-7
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 13
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Iron Age Mediterranean Chronology: A Reply
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2011
    In:  Radiocarbon Vol. 53, No. 1 ( 2011), p. 199-220
    Details
    In: Radiocarbon, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 53, No. 1 ( 2011), p. 199-220
    Abstract: This article is a reply to the preceding rejoinder by Fantalkin et al., which they wrote in response to our article concerning radiocarbon dates of Iron Age sites in the Mediterranean region measured at Groningen (van der Plicht et al. 2009). We do not agree with much of their criticism. Our reply is presented in detail with new viewpoints and evaluations concerning a number of sites in the Levant, including Tel Dan, Megiddo Stratum VIA (= K/4), Horvat Haluqim, Tell el-Qudeirat, Khirbet en-Nahas, Tel Rehov, as well as sites in the central and western Mediterranean region, particularly Carthage and Huelva. Our main conclusions are that 14 C dating supports an Iron Age High Chronology for the above sites, though more 14 C dating is required, particularly in Greece and the central and western Mediterranean region, to substantiate and refine the current state of knowledge. We prefer detailed investigations per individual site, evaluating both 14 C dates and site stratigraphy, rather than the wholesale averaging of strata over many sites, which may lead to oversimplification and erroneous results, also on stratigraphic grounds. Contrary to Fantalkin et al. (2011), we emphasize the importance of 14 C dating as an independent methodology—chronostratigraphy—to evaluate site stratigraphy. The 14 C dates of Megiddo Stratum VIA (=K/4) clearly indicate field-stratigraphic problems at this site.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-8222 , 1945-5755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0033822200034470
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028560-7
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 13
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dating of Iron Age Agriculture in the Negev Highlands: A Response to Shahack-Gross and Finkelstein
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2017
    In:  Radiocarbon Vol. 59, No. 4 ( 2017-08), p. 1233-1239
    Details
    In: Radiocarbon, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 59, No. 4 ( 2017-08), p. 1233-1239
    Abstract: In this response to the reply by Shahack-Gross and Finkelstein (2017), we present additional data of our research at Horvat Haluqim. This includes phytolith percentages and multicellular phytolith stomata in a thin section of a layer in Terraced Field 12, dated by radiocarbon ( 14 C) to the Late Bronze–Early Iron Age. We also show thin-section evidence of aggrading sediment laminations in this terraced field. A new 14 C date is given of the Early Islamic Period in Terraced Field 7, as differences in terrace wall architecture are highlighted. We revisit the interpretation by Shahack-Gross and Finkelstein in relation to herd management. Our 14 C dates attest that terrace agriculture based on runoff/floodwater irrigation occurred in the Negev Highlands during several periods, including the Iron Age.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-8222 , 1945-5755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/RDC.2017.57
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028560-7
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 13
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Radiocarbon Challenges Archaeo-Historical Time Frameworks in the Near East: the Early Bronze Age of Jericho in Relation to Egypt
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2001
    In:  Radiocarbon Vol. 43, No. 3 ( 2001), p. 1321-1332
    Details
    In: Radiocarbon, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 43, No. 3 ( 2001), p. 1321-1332
    Abstract: Our stratified radiocarbon dates from EB Jericho (Trench III) on short-lived material are significantly older than conventional archaeo-historical time frameworks. The calibrated 14 C date of Stage XV Phase li-lii (Early to Middle EB-I Kenyon) is 100–450 years older. Stage XVI Phase lxi-lxii (Early EB-II Kenyon) is 200–500 years older. Stage XVI Phase lxii-lxiii (destructive end EB-II) is 200–300 years older. Stage XVII Phase lxviii a – lxix a (Early EB-III) is 100–300 years older than conventional archaeo-historical time estimates. As the beginning of the Chalcolithic in the Near East has “become” a 1000 years older, from about 4000 in the 1960s to about 5000 BC in current perception based on 14 C dating, it should not be surprising that the Early Bronze Age and related Egyptian Dynasties also yield 14 C dates that are older by a few hundred years than current archaeo-historical time frameworks. Egyptian chronology should not be regarded as ultimately fixed. Egyptologists in the first half of the 20th century gave much older dates for the earlier Dynasties. The new 14 C evidence is overwhelmingly in favor of an older Early Bronze Age and older dates for Dynasties 1–6.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0033-8222 , 1945-5755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S003382220003856X
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028560-7
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 13
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...