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  • 1
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    USP22 deficiency leads to myeloid leukemia upon oncogenic Kras activation through a PU.1-dependent mechanism (2018)
    American Society of Hematology (ASH)
    In: Blood
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-07-27
    Description: Ras mutations are commonly observed in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). JMML and CMML transform into acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in about 10% and 50% of patients, respectively. However, how additional events cooperate with Ras to promote this transformation are largely unknown. We show that absence of the ubiquitin-specific peptidase 22 (USP22), a component of the Spt-Ada-GCN5-acetyltransferase chromatin-remodeling complex that is linked to cancer progression, unexpectedly promotes AML transformation in mice expressing oncogenic Kras G12D/+ . USP22 deficiency in Kras G12D/+ mice resulted in shorter survival compared with control mice. This was due to a block in myeloid cell differentiation leading to the generation of AML. This effect was cell autonomous because mice transplanted with USP22-deficient Kras G12D/+ cells developed an aggressive disease and died rapidly. The transcriptome profile of USP22-deficient Kras G12D/+ progenitors resembled leukemic stem cells and was highly correlated with genes associated with poor prognosis in AML. We show that USP22 functions as a PU.1 deubiquitylase by positively regulating its protein stability and promoting the expression of PU.1 target genes. Reconstitution of PU.1 overexpression in USP22-deficient Kras G12D/+ progenitors rescued their differentiation. Our findings uncovered an unexpected role for USP22 in Ras-induced leukemogenesis and provide further insights into the function of USP22 in carcinogenesis.
    Keywords: Myeloid Neoplasia, Phagocytes, Granulocytes, and Myelopoiesis
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by American Society of Hematology (ASH)
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  • 2
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    Bcl11b, a novel GATA3-interacting protein, suppresses Th1 while limiting Th2 cell differentiation (2018)
    Rockefeller University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-08
    Description: GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3) acts as the master transcription factor for type 2 T helper (Th2) cell differentiation and function. However, it is still elusive how GATA3 function is precisely regulated in Th2 cells. Here, we show that the transcription factor B cell lymphoma 11b (Bcl11b), a previously unknown component of GATA3 transcriptional complex, is involved in GATA3-mediated gene regulation. Bcl11b binds to GATA3 through protein–protein interaction, and they colocalize at many important cis-regulatory elements in Th2 cells. The expression of type 2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, is up-regulated in Bcl11b -deficient Th2 cells both in vitro and in vivo; such up-regulation is completely GATA3 dependent. Genome-wide analyses of Bcl11b- and GATA3-regulated genes (from RNA sequencing), cobinding patterns (from chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing), and Bcl11b-modulated epigenetic modification and gene accessibility suggest that GATA3/Bcl11b complex is involved in limiting Th2 gene expression, as well as in inhibiting non-Th2 gene expression. Thus, Bcl11b controls both GATA3-mediated gene activation and repression in Th2 cells.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1007
    Electronic ISSN: 1540-9538
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Rockefeller University Press
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  • 3
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    Dynamic balance between master transcription factors determines the fates and functions of CD4 T cell and innate lymphoid cell subsets (2017)
    Rockefeller University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-04
    Description: CD4 T cells, including T regulatory cells (Treg cells) and effector T helper cells (Th cells), and recently identified innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) play important roles in host defense and inflammation. Both CD4 T cells and ILCs can be classified into distinct lineages based on their functions and the expression of lineage-specific genes, including those encoding effector cytokines, cell surface markers, and key transcription factors. It was first recognized that each lineage expresses a specific master transcription factor and the expression of these factors is mutually exclusive because of cross-regulation among these factors. However, recent studies indicate that the master regulators are often coexpressed. Furthermore, the expression of master regulators can be dynamic and quantitative. In this review, we will first discuss similarities and differences between the development and functions of CD4 T cell and ILC subsets and then summarize recent literature on quantitative, dynamic, and cell type–specific balance between the master transcription factors in determining heterogeneity and plasticity of these subsets.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1007
    Electronic ISSN: 1540-9538
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Rockefeller University Press
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  • 4
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    Transient T-bet expression functionally specifies a distinct T follicular helper subset (2018)
    Rockefeller University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-06
    Description: T follicular helper (Tfh) cells express transcription factor BCL-6 and cytokine IL-21. Mature Tfh cells are also capable of producing IFN- without expressing the Th1 transcription factor T-bet. Whether this IFN-–producing Tfh population represents a unique Tfh subset with a distinct differentiation pathway is poorly understood. By using T-bet fate–mapping mouse strains, we discovered that almost all the IFN-–producing Tfh cells have previously expressed T-bet and express high levels of NKG2D. DNase I hypersensitivity analysis indicated that the Ifng gene locus is partially accessible in this "ex–T-bet" population with a history of T-bet expression. Furthermore, multicolor tissue imaging revealed that the ex–T-bet Tfh cells found in germinal centers express IFN- in situ. Finally, we found that IFN-–expressing Tfh cells are absent in T-bet–deficient mice, but fully present in mice with T-bet deletion at late stages of T cell differentiation. Together, our findings demonstrate that transient expression of T-bet epigenetically imprints the Ifng locus for cytokine production in this Th1-like Tfh cell subset.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1007
    Electronic ISSN: 1540-9538
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Rockefeller University Press
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